Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In African countries, the biggest killers of young children are respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease, and both are preventable via hand washing. Regular tooth brushing, at least twice a day, is one of the most effective methods for the control and prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Both these oral diseases are infectious diseases (caused by bacteria) and thus can be controlled by proper oral hygiene. This review aims to provide updated research related to hygiene behaviours in African countries in three areas: children, community and healthcare setting. RECENT FINDINGS:Suboptimal hygiene knowledge and behaviour (hand washing, hand washing with soap and oral hygiene) were found among African children, contributing to diarrhoeal diseases, helminth infections, dental caries, periodontal diseases and other communicable diseases. Several promising intervention studies have been done to increase hygiene behaviours among children and adolescents and may need to be scaled up. Community studies found faecal contamination on hands to be common and to be associated with various ill-health conditions. Several innovative interventions to improve hand hygiene behaviours in the community setting show promising results. Healthcare-associated infections due to lack of hand hygiene are common in Africa and interventions need to be developed and implemented. SUMMARY:Hand and oral hygiene are suboptimal in both community and healthcare settings. Several promising hygiene intervention strategies have been found effective and may be scaled up in African countries.
journal_name
Curr Opin Psychiatryjournal_title
Current opinion in psychiatryauthors
Pengpid S,Peltzer Kdoi
10.1097/YCO.0b013e32834fda33subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-03-01 00:00:00pages
149-54issue
2eissn
0951-7367issn
1473-6578journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To provide an update of the recent studies on the olfactory function in Alzheimer's disease, with a focus on the olfactory identification function. RECENT FINDINGS:The studies reviewed here confirm previous reports on the poor olfactory function in Alzheimer's disease compared to health normal contro...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000146
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There has been increased interest in the relationship between religion and spirituality and mental health in recent years. This article reviews recent research into the capacity of religion and spirituality to benefit or harm the mental health of believers. We also examine the implications this may ha...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000080
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Depression is a complex and burdensome condition; it often leads to personal, societal and economic costs. Despite advances in treatments, its management over time remains a challenge; many treated for depression do not achieve full recovery or remain well for long. Novel ways to monitor patients are ...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000382
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Attempts to remediate the cognitive difficulties of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia have shown efficacy; however, existing treatment studies display huge variation, frustrating efforts to determine how best to apply this treatment tool. This review summarizes findings of induced cognitive cha...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e328322fbf4
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review the recent literature (over the past 18 months) regarding psychosocial challenges and clinical concerns among adolescent athletes, and to address the advances made in understanding adolescent athletes' coping processes. RECENT FINDINGS:Coping research has moved from identifying discrete str...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review evidence on the validity and utility of recent approaches to subtyping late-life mild cognitive impairment. RECENT FINDINGS:There is growing evidence that amnestic mild cognitive impairment is associated with biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease, while nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment ma...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e328344696b
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We reviewed the recent literature on prevalence rates, and application of evidence-based treatments for eating disorders among Hispanics/Latinos residing in the United States. RECENT FINDINGS:Lifetime prevalence rates of anorexia nervosa are lower among Hispanic/Latinos than non-Hispanic Whites. Ther...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review aims to summarize data published in the scientific literature and available on official websites on fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in Africa. RECENT FINDINGS:There is a paucity of published literature and evidence-based information on prenatal exposure to alcohol in the African co...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000315
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Mental disorders are mainly characterized via symptom assessment. Symptoms are state-like macroscopic anomalies of behaviour, experience, and expression that are deemed relevant for diagnostic purposes. An alternative approach is based on the concept of endophenotypes, which are physiological or behav...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To examine the influence of personality disorder comorbidity on the general treatment of mood disorders. RECENT FINDINGS:Personality disorders generally have a negative influence on outcome of mood disorders, both unipolar and bipolar. When the personality features are addressed, however, the outcome...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Pain is a near-universal experience and research suggests that chronic pain, defined as pain lasting longer than 3 months, affects around 20% of the general population. However, there is relatively little awareness of the problem of pain amongst people with an intellectual disability. RECENT FINDINGS...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32835fd74c
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Public health concern regarding the nonmedical use of prescription stimulants among youth has generated the need for increased understanding of diversion, which is the illegal sharing and selling of prescription drugs. Although our understanding of nonmedical use of stimulants has increased, the same ...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000172
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The comorbidity between psychiatric and substance use disorders remains an important phenomenon to understand, and an active area of investigation. The purpose of this review is to highlight key 2011 issues and novel findings on psychiatric and substance disorders comorbidity from the National Epidemi...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283523dcc
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In many regions of the world, wives of alcohol and drug-using men are at an increased risk for HIV/AIDS because of their husbands' high-risk behaviours. These women also tend to be poor, illiterate and dependent on their husbands. Few interventions are designed exclusively for these women. Furthermore...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e328361ebd7
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Schizophrenia occurs in ∼25% of individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), the strongest known molecular genetic risk factor for schizophrenia. This review highlights recent literature in 22q11.2DS as it pertains to psychosis and schizophrenia. RECENT FINDINGS:Advances in noninvasive pre...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000324
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Including the psychopathic specifier within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition alternative model of personality disorder (AMPD) trait conceptualization of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) represents a significant development in the history of the conceptualiz...
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更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article aims to review and summarize the recent literature investigating the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and terrorism. A particular focus is given to the studies related to the terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, DC on 11 September 2001. The review aims to p...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833be998
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Females experience eating disorders at substantially higher rates than males. Although sociocultural factors have traditionally been thought to underlie this sex disparity, accumulating evidence implicates differential exposure to gonadal hormones early in life. Gonadal hormones also impact within-sex...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review explores recent literature on the applicability of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) and International Classification of Disease, 11th Revision (ICD-11) personality disorder classification systems across countries and cultural contexts. RECENT ...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
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更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A shift in accepted practice regarding sharing research led one editor to discuss adopting a legal rather than a moral stance to enforce ethical standards. Familiar ethical concerns regarding consent and balancing individual rights against those of others are considered, alongside lacunae in the field, by drawing on v...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) do not usually offer a sex-specific approach for the management of schizophrenia. With this narrative review, we aim to give an integrated and synthesized overview of the current state of knowledge regarding sex-specific aspects in schizophrenia and how this topic m...
journal_title:Current opinion in psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000597
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00