Abstract：
:In 2010, the American Diabetes Association included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a criterion for the diagnosis of diabetes with a cut-off point of ≥ 6.5%. However, there may be a substantial percentage of false negative results. Other scientific societies have accepted this approach but with slight differences. HbA1c complements, but does not substitute, basal glycemia as a screening and diagnostic test or the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. HbA1c should not be used for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Interpretation of HbA1c is limited in persons with anemia and hemoglobinopathies. Therefore, in addition to its sensitivity and specificity, its costs and the epidemiological situation should also be evaluated. An important question is whether almost normal HbA1c levels are safe in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results of the ACCORD, ADVANCE and VADT trials are contradictory and have aroused considerable controversy. However, the extensions of the UKPDS and STENO-2 studies have shown the benefits of good glycemic control in the long term. As a general rule, a target of HbA1c < 7% seems appropriate. In patients at low risk of hypoglycemic episodes, short disease duration and young persons, HbA1c < 6.5% can be considered. In patients with frequent hypoglycemic episodes, the elderly and persons with short life expectancy, values of more than 7% are acceptable. This target should be achieved through individualized, early, intensive and safe treatment, without risk of hypoglycemia, and should be integrated in an overall program of cardiovascular risk prevention.
journal_name
Aten Primariajournal_title
Atencion primariaauthors
Díez Espino Jdoi
10.1016/S0212-6567(10)70002-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-01 00:00:00pages
2-8eissn
0212-6567issn
1578-1275pii
S0212-6567(10)70002-0journal_volume
42 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:To check whether the information in the written publicity that the pharmaceutical industry gives to family doctors really is based on the scientific studies that support it. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. SETTING:Health centre on the outskirts of a big city. PARTICIPANTS:Over a year, all the scientific stud...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1157/13075926
更新日期：2005-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To know the opinion of the primary health care (PHC) physicians on the assistance demand in mental health (MH), their training necessities and their attitudes about this disorders. DESIGN:Observational and transversal study. SETTING:Primary care. PARTICIPANTS:The subjects of the study were PHC physicians. ...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1157/13076608
更新日期：2005-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To find the amount of non-compliance with medical treatment for Hypertension and its causes, and to describe the profile of non-compliant patients. DESIGN:A crossover study performed on two home visits. SETTING:A rural Health Centre at Calpe, Alicante. PATIENTS:The sample was obtained from the census of m...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To measure doctors' attitudes to the opening of Health Centres. DESIGN:Descriptive study. SITE. Primary Care services on the island of Gran Canaria. PARTICIPANTS:Doctors with tenure. MAIN MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS:From a self-administered Likert type questionnaire, it could be observed that the proportion o...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the distribution of the public health spending (PHS) among health sectors from 2002 to 2008, and the eventual regional inequalities related to the regional income level and the ageing population. DESIGN:A longitudinal and retrospective study. SETTING:Spain. PARTICIPANTS:The 17 Autonomous Commu...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.aprim.2011.01.005
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Estimate the differences in the time of arrival at the Intensive Care Unite (ICU) among patients with previous++ infarction versus first infarction ones. DESIGN:Transversal retrospective study. SETTING:General Hospital of Elche. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS:622 diagnosed of infarction between 1984-1990...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the knowledge about medical treatment on people with more than 70 years old, specifically, the understanding, reason for prescription and dosage. To describe the use of natural remedies in the rural environment. To correlate the medication and the natural remedies consumption with health's self-p...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the percentage of female authors in original articles published during 2periods, in the journal of Atención Primaria (Primary Care), and to examine the differences between the categories of authorship (first, last author, and co-author) between both periods. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. SETTI...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.aprim.2019.11.002
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of metformin against placebo, diet, oral anti-diabetics, or insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN:Systematic review. DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE (1966-2003), EMBASE (1974-2003), LILACS (1986-2003), Cochrane library (Issue 3, 2003). SELECTION OF STUDIES:29 randomized clinical trials ...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1157/13078602
更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To determine the attitudes of community-dwelling elderly patients about the possibilities for cure of urinary incontinence. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. INTERVENTIONS:A specific questionnaire on urinary incontinence and the Barthel Index Modified by Shah. LOCATION:Basic Health Zone of Cabra (Córdoba, Spain). ...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0212-6567(00)78708-7
更新日期：2000-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:to validate the PROFUND index in PP in Primary Health Care (PHC). DESIGN:two-year prospective multicenter study. LOCATION:three health care centers in Seville Province (Spain). SUBJECTS OF THE ASSESSMENT:PP with signed informed consent. SAMPLE:n=446 (p=20%; α=5%; β=99%); consecutive sampling. MEASUREMENT:Depe...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/S0212-6567(14)70064-2
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To analyse antibiotic consumption (ABC) and its trend in primary care in an area with a high rate of bacterial resistance during the periods 1993-96 and 2000-02. DESIGN:Comparative, retrospective analysis. SETTING:Costa de Ponent Health Region. Population in 1993-96 period was 1,158,098 inhabitants; in 2000...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0212-6567(04)79482-2
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the adverse side-effects to medication and define their principle characteristics. DESIGN:A descriptive, crossover, observation study with no random distribution. SETTING:The population cared for at a Health Centre in Toledo. PATIENTS:Those over 15 years old during a 6-month period. MEASUREMENTS ...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Epidemiological studies and interventions to reduce inequalities in community health require the assignation of exhaustive and easy-to-obtain social indicators. Occupation and education are two of the most often used. In this study we attempt to evaluate the association between education and occupation among ...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0212-6567(00)78733-6
更新日期：2000-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the views of primary care physicians (PCPs) in Spain regarding the purpose of inspection validation of prescriptions (IVP) and its impact on prescription and patients, as well as doctors' acceptance of this measure. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study through a telephone survey. SETTING:Primary care cent...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1157/13086315
更新日期：2006-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the factors associated with asthma and asthma-related symptoms in children and adolescents in rural areas of Navarre (Spain). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS:A cross-sectional study using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, as well as additional variable...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.aprim.2017.05.005
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To describe referrals from primary care (PC) to mental health (MH) and to study the diagnostic and therapeutic concordance between the two. DESIGN:Retrospective, descriptive study. SETTING:Gavà II Primary Care Centre, Barcelona.Participants. All patients referred to MH in 1998, 1999 and 2000 (n=380). MAIN...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0212-6567(03)70782-3
更新日期：2003-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Determination of whether rational drug use is facilitated by the quality of the information provided by the Medicom International Vademecum on drugs containing vitamin A as active component. DESIGN:Descriptive study. SETTING:Primary, specialized and hospital health care within the national context. SUBJECT...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-05-31 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To analyse the variability of certain indicators of the procedure and outcome of medical care in the clinical records of diabetic and hypertense patients, and their relationship with the doctor's style of practice. DESIGN:An observational, descriptive study. SETTING:Seven health centres in the public netwo...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Empathy is one of the basic skills in medicine that promotes better doctor-patient relationship, best professional competition and less professional stress. We don't found studies in our area. This study aims to measure the degree of empathy in medical students in our area and associated factors. DESIGN:Cros...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.aprim.2014.12.012
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study is to detect alcoholism problems among the young population, using the CAGE test. DESIGN:Transversal descriptive study. SITE. Work developed with high school students (BUP and COU) from a rural context in Aragón. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS:Random sample of 1,012 students, ordered ...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of a mindfulness and self-care program to treat common mental health disorders in primary care. DESIGN:Quasi-experimental non-controlled, non-randomised study, with repeated measurements. SETTING:Seven health centres, in area v of the Principality of Astur...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.aprim.2019.05.015
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion of neurological disorders within the overall number of ailments treated in primary care, as well as to classify them, determine the reason for their referral to specialists, and analyze the appropriateness or justification of such referral in each case. The 553 neur...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:1) To identify the causes of the outbreak. 2) To adopt the appropriate measures to control it. DESIGN:Observational crossover study. SETTING:San Benito Health District in Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz). PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS:Diners who attended a family celebration. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To analyze adherence to treatment of tuberculosis infection and to identify risk factors for its compliance. DESIGN:An observational historical cohort study. SETTING:Hospital Universitari Sant Joan d'Alacant (Alicante). PARTICIPANTS:All patients with a tuberculin skin test (TST) done during tuberculosis co...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.aprim.2013.05.009
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the results of a programme of intervention into the monitoring of short-term unfitness for work of members of the Special Sea Regime at Cádiz during 1997. DESIGN:Quasi-experimental intervention study with a pre- and post-intervention group, formed by the doctors from the Instituto Social de la Ma...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe a method of carrying out an early detection programme (EDP) for breast cancer in a health area, as a coordinated activity between the primary care teams (PCTs) and specialist care. DESIGN:A descriptive, longitudinal study. SETTING:Area II of the Principality of Asturias. This is a predominantly ...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To get to know the profile of use of antidepressants (AD) and tranquilizers-hypnotics (T-H) in primary care in Catalonia. DESIGN:Transversal, observational, epidemiological study of prescription-indication. LOCATION:Health centres in Catalonia, Spain. PARTICIPANTS:Included, using consecutive sampling, pati...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1157/13079144
更新日期：2005-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:With a system of qualitative indicators, to analyse the pharmaceutical prescription of general practitioners (GPs), and to evaluate the relationship of these indicators to the overall pharmaceutical prescription expenditure per inhabitant. DESIGN:Retrospective descriptive study. SETTING:Primary care. MEAS...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0212-6567(00)78545-3
更新日期：2000-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To find the factors linked to erectile dysfunction, to evaluate this as a possible marker of health status, to analyse the evolution of clinical parameters of associated illnesses and the response to Viagra.Design. Intervention study without a control. SETTING:Alguazas Health Centre (Murcia). PARTICIPANTS:...
journal_title：Atencion primaria
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0212-6567(02)79030-6
更新日期：2002-09-30 00:00:00
