Abstract:
UNLABELLED:Measurements of combustion product concentrations were taken in 30 homes where unvented gas fireplaces were used. Measurements of CO, CO(2), NO(x), NO(2) , O(2) (depletion), and water vapor were taken at 1-min interval. The analyzers were calibrated with certified calibration gases for each placement and were in operation for 3-4 days at each home. Measured concentrations were compared to published health-based standards and guidelines. The two combustion gases that exceeded published values were NO(2) and CO. For NO(2) , the Health Canada guideline of 250 ppb (1-h average) was exceeded in about 43% of the sample and the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of 110 ppb (1-h average) was exceeded in 80% of the sample. Carbon monoxide levels exceeded the U.S. EPA 8-h average standard of 9 ppm in 20% of the sample. Moisture problems were not evident in the test homes. An analysis of the distribution of CO showed that the CO is dispersed throughout the home almost immediately upon operation of the fireplace and that the concentrations throughout the home away from the immediate vicinity of the fireplace are 70-80% of the level near the fireplace. Decay analysis of the combustion gases showed that NO was similarly stable to CO and CO(2) in the indoor environment but that both NO(2) and water vapor were removed from the air at much greater rates. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS:Previous studies on unvented gas fireplaces have made assumptions of how they are operated by users. This article presents the results of field monitoring of 30 unvented gas fireplaces under normal operation, regardless of whether users follow industry recommendations regarding installation, usage patterns, and maintenance. The monitoring found that health-based standards and guidelines were exceeded for CO in 20% of homes and for NO(2) in most homes. There were no identified moisture problems in these homes. Nearly, half of the fireplaces were used at least once for longer than 2 h, counter to manufacturers' intended usage as supplemental heating. This demonstrates that given actual usage patterns and compared to current health-based thresholds, these appliances can produce indoor air concentrations considered to be unhealthy to at least sensitive or at-risk individuals.
journal_name
Indoor Airjournal_title
Indoor airauthors
Francisco PW,Gordon JR,Rose Bdoi
10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00659.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-10-01 00:00:00pages
370-9issue
5eissn
0905-6947issn
1600-0668pii
INA659journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
INDOOR AIR文献大全abstract::The present paper shows that introducing or removing the same pollution source in an office in two independent investigations, one in Denmark and one in Sweden, using similar experimental methodology, resulted in similar and repeatable effects on subjective assessments of perceived air quality, intensity of sick build...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0668.2002.01101.x
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Indoor air pollution (IAP) from biomass fuels contains high concentrations of health damaging pollutants and is associated with an increased risk of childhood pneumonia. We aimed to design an exposure measurement component for a matched case-control study of IAP as a risk factor for pneumonia and severe pneu...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00533.x
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The knowledge of exposure to the airborne particle emitted from three-dimensional (3D) printing activities is becoming a crucial issue due to the relevant spreading of such devices in recent years. To this end, a low-cost desktop 3D printer based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) principle was used. Particle number, ...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ina.12310
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Personal exposure to total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), benzene and toluene of 100 Milan office workers was assessed through personal air monitoring at home, in the office, and during commuting. Biological monitoring was performed by measuring blood benzene and toluene concentrations together with urinary trans...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0668.2000.010004258.x
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Available studies indicate that indoor air pollution (IAP) from household cooking and space heating apparently causes substantial ill-health in developing countries where the majority of households rely on solid fuels (coal or biomass as wood, crop residues, and dung), but there are many remaining uncertainties. To pi...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0668.2002.01137.x
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The effects of the human convective boundary layer (CBL), room airflow patterns, and their velocities on personal exposure are examined. Two pollutants are studied which simulate particles released from the feet and generated at distances of 2 and 3 m by a human cough. A thermal manikin whose body shape, siz...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ina.12177
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon monoxide (CO) alarms are extensively used in domestic premises in the UK to help protect against CO poisoning. Their expected lifetime has been increasing, and some current models now have a replacement period of more than 6 years under normal operation. However, concerns have been expressed as to the reliabili...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ina.12022
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Indoor exposures to allergens, mold spores, and endotoxin have been suggested as etiological agents of asthma; therefore, accurate determination of those exposures, especially in young children (6-36 months), is important for understanding the development of asthma. Because use of personal sampling equipment...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00749.x
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::While household air pollution from biomass fuel combustion has been linked to cardiovascular disease, the effects on cardiac structure and function have not been well described. We sought to determine the association between biomass fuel smoke exposure and cardiac structure and function by transthoracic echocardiograp...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ina.12362
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study involved the development of a model for evaluating the potential costs and benefits of ozone control by activated carbon filtration in single-family homes. The modeling effort included the prediction of indoor ozone with and without activated carbon filtration in the HVAC system. As one application, the mod...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ina.12220
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study assessed the collection efficiency (CE) of two popularly used sampling devices (BioSampler and Coriolis sampler) for fungal aerosols. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) supplemented with or without surfactant (Tween-20, Tween-80, or Triton X-100) and antifoam agent was prepared and used as collection liquids. ...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ina.12535
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most important indoor air pollutants have already been addressed with individual national guidelines or recommendations. However, an international set of guidelines or recommendations for indoor air quality (IAQ) is needed for these pollutants based on general and uniform rules for setting such standards. A major ...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0668.13.s.6.2.x
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:This paper reports on an investigation of the adequacy of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), using a standard Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model, for predicting dispersion of neutrally buoyant gas in a large indoor space. We used CFD to predict pollutant (dye) concentration distribution in a water...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00243.x
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The correspondence between impact factor profiles of self-reported skin sensation and of objectively determined skin symptoms was examined using data from the ProKlimA project (1994-1999). A sub-sample of 925 office workers participated in measurements of skin hydration and sebum content and responded to a questionnai...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1600-0668.2003.00222.x
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cross-sectional studies have shown that exposure to indoor moisture damage and mold may be associated with subclinical inflammation. Our aim was to determine whether early age exposure to moisture damage or mold is prospectively associated with subclinical systemic inflammation or with immune responsiveness in later c...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ina.12454
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microbial content of air has as yet been little described, despite its public health implications, and there remains a lack of environmental microbial data on airborne microflora in enclosed spaces. In this context, the aim of this study was to characterize the diversity and dynamics of airborne microorganisms in ...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ina.12053
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports the comparison of three measuring methods for quantifying the amount of dust on the inner surface of ventilation ducts: 1) a vacuum test method; 2) a gravimetric tape method; and 3) an optical method. Thirteen recently constructed buildings were selected for the field test in the Helsinki metropolit...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0668.2002.120106.x
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants in furniture foam, electronics, and other home furnishings. A field study was conducted that enrolled 139 households from California, which has had more stringent flame retardant requirements than other countries and areas. The study collected passive...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ina.12130
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The present paper outlines a modeling approach, which has been developed to model the internal dynamics of heat and moisture transfer in an imperfectly mixed ventilated airspace. The modeling approach, which combines the classical heat and moisture balance differential equations with the use of experimental ...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00168.x
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Outdoor traffic-related airborne particles can infiltrate a building and adversely affect the indoor air quality. Limited information is available on the effectiveness of high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration of traffic-related particles. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of portable HEPA air cleaner...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/ina.12502
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:A comparison study of novel collection methods for airborne bacteria and endotoxin was performed in an environmentally controlled chamber and in pilot-field studies. Airborne particulate matter was collected in swirling liquid impingers, air-monitoring filter cassettes, and with a micro-orifice uniform depos...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00419.x
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration in combination with an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) can be a cost-effective approach to reducing indoor particulate exposure, but ESPs produce ozone. The health effect of combined ESP-HEPA filtration has not been examined. We conducted an intervention study in 89 v...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ina.12447
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thermal stratification is established when warmer air rises and cooler air descends under thermal buoyancy. It occurs in indoor environment situations including large warehouse-type buildings, buoyancy-driven ventilated spaces with displacement, underfloor ventilation, and/or natural ventilation, and enclosure fires w...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ina.12520
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims to develop an approach to couple a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver to the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) thermal comfort model to accurately evaluate thermal comfort. The coupling was made using an iterative JavaScript to automatically transfer data for each individual segment of th...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ina.12451
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Acute lower respiratory illnesses (ALRI) are the leading cause of death among children <5 years. Studies have found that biomass cooking fuels are an important risk factor for ALRI. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of natural household ventilation indicators on ALRI. The purpose of this stud...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00754.x
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:We designed and tested a sampling and analysis system for quantitative measurement of airborne cockroach allergen with sufficient sensitivity for residential exposure assessment. Integrated 1-week airborne particle samples were collected at 10-15 LPM in 19 New York City apartments in which an asthmatic child...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00728.x
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is inappropriate to use the assumption of instantaneously well-mixed zones to model airflows and pollutant transport in large indoor spaces. We investigate two approaches for describing the details of airflows in large indoor spaces, for accuracy and suitability for integration with multi-zone infiltration models. ...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0668.2003.00160.x
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ventilation is pivotal in terms of securing optimum indoor air quality. In addition, it also has a major impact on energy use in buildings. It is important, therefore, that the role and impact of ventilation is fully understood and that ventilation is employed efficiently. The purpose of this paper is to review these ...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0668.2000.010003193.x
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:In Japan, organophosphate and polybrominated flame retardants are used in building materials and electric appliances to protect them from fire hazards. In this study, to identify the emission sources of these flame retardants to indoor air, the migration rates (flux) of organophosphate and polybrominated fla...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2006.00442.x
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrafine particles are observed when metal surfaces, such as heating elements in electric appliances, or even empty cooking pans, are heated. The source of the particles has not been identified. We present evidence that particles >10 nm are not emitted directly from the heating elements or the metal surfaces. Using r...
journal_title:Indoor air
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ina.12163
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00