Abstract:
:The renin-angiotensin system is activated in the early phase of two-kidney, one-clip (2K-1C) hypertension. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) integrates inputs regulating sympathetic outflow. The PVN receives inputs from plasma angiotensin II via projections from circumventricular organs and from renal afferent nerves transmitted via the nucleus tractus solitarii. Nitric oxide within the PVN may exert a sympathoinhibitory effect. These studies tested whether decreasing endogenous nitric oxide by introducing dominant negative (DN) constructs for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) into PVN chronically augments hypertension and/or modulates baroreflex function. Male 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham surgery or right renal artery clipping and placement of radiotelemetry transmitters. One week later, the PVN was injected bilaterally with 250 nl artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing 250 ng microl(-1) of RSV beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal), cytomegalovirus (CMV) wild-type (WT nNOS), or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) haeme domain or RSV haemeRedF (DN nNOS). Haemodynamics were monitored for 5 weeks. Then left renal nerve electrodes were placed, and 2 days later the rats underwent baroreflex testing in the conscious state. The rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly potentiated in the DN nNOS 2K-1C group beyond 15 days after PVN injection. By day 35, MAP in the 2K-1C groups was 152 +/- 6.3 (beta-Gal), 155.1 +/- 6.6 (WT nNOS) and 179 +/- 5.4 mmHg (DN nNOS; P < 0.01 versus all other groups). Sham-clipped rats remained normotensive. All groups displayed progressive bradycardia over time that was attenuated in the DN nNOS 2K-1C group. Baroreflex curves shifted to higher pressures, and baroreflex sensitivity of heart rate was diminished to a similar extent in all groups of 2K-1C rats. The baroreflex response of renal sympathetic nerve activity was preserved. The PVN tissue from DN nNOS rats had decreased dimerization of nNOS and generation of total nitric oxide. These findings indicate that chronic interference of nNOS dimerization required for generation of nitric oxide within the PVN potentiates the increase of blood pressure by modulating the sympathoexcitation that accompanies renovascular hypertension.
journal_name
Exp Physioljournal_title
Experimental physiologyauthors
Rossi NF,Maliszewska-Scislo M,Chen H,Black SM,Sharma S,Ravikov R,Augustyniak RAdoi
10.1113/expphysiol.2009.051789subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-08-01 00:00:00pages
845-57issue
8eissn
0958-0670issn
1469-445Xpii
expphysiol.2009.051789journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Pregnancy requires a robust plasma volume expansion driven by renal sodium retention. In the late-pregnant kidney, the aldosterone-responsive epithelial Na(+) channel is increased, whereas the sodium-chloride cotransporter is decreased. Pendrin has been shown to ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP085396
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::What is the central question of this study? Can a modern proportional assist ventilator (PAV) function sufficiently well to unload the respiratory muscles during exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? A PAV can be constructed with contemporary hardware and software and be used at all exercise intensiti...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP085735
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the topic of this review? This review is principally concerned with results from studies of the pulmonary vasculature in humans, particularly in relation to hypoxia and rare diseases that affect oxygen sensing. What advances does it highlight? This review highlights the degree to which the hypoxia-...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2014.080507
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) activity has been shown cytochemically to decrease significantly in enterocytes of children suffering from coeliac disease. This decrease is due to a halving of the time available for enterocytes to express DPP IV in their brush-border membranes during development. This effect is compar...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1990.sp003439
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Do individuals with a patent foramen ovale (PFO+ ) have a larger alveolar-to-arterial difference in P O 2 ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP088750
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Does blockade of the IL-6 receptor by tocilizumab inhibit immune cell mobilization to the blood stream in humans during an acute bout of exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? Blockade of IL-6 receptor signalling by tocilizumab attenuates mobiliza...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP088864
更新日期:2020-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate whether long-term administration of L-arginine, a physiological substrate for the production of nitric oxide, improved blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac hypertrophy and particularly structural changes in the coronary and carotid artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). T...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1998.sp004141
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability has often been used to assess cardiac autonomic function; however, the relationship of low-frequency (LF) power of heart rate variability to cardiac sympathetic tone has been unclear. With or without adjustment for high-frequency (HF) power, total power or respiration,...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2010.056259
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A considerable body of evidence indicates that the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) is an important regulatory signal in epithelial ion transport. [Cl-]i regulates the open channel probability of sodium and chloride channels, the rate of chloride channel recycling to the apical membrane, cell volume homeo...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2005.031823
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been shown previously that the amplitudes of the harmonic components of the pulse spectrum vary in specific patterns when the arteries leading to different organs are ligated, with the variations in the harmonics being linearly additive. Since ligation can be regarded as a vast increase in organ resistance, the...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2005.031575
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Moderate-intensity endurance exercise training improves vascular endothelial vasomotor function; however, the impact of high-intensity exercise training has been equivocal. Thus, the effect of the physiological stress of the exercise remains poorly understood. Furthermore, enhanced vascular repair mediated by circulat...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2011.062836
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapeutic angiogenesis/vasculogenesis holds promise for the cure of ischaemic disease. The approach postulates the manipulation of spontaneous healing response by supplementation of growth factors or transplantation of vascular progenitor cells. These supplements are intended to foster the formation of arterial coll...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2004.028571
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently reported that a higher percentage of type I fibres in vastus lateralis and a greater peak oxygen uptake (O2) were associated with a greater initial rise in O2 (O2 /W, where W is work rate) following the onset of heavy constant power output exercise (above the lactate threshold, LT). It was unclear if these...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rats exhibit an increased cholinergic responsiveness in vivo when compared to their counterparts, the Flinders resistant line (FRL) rats. The functional consequences of this phenotypic difference on colonic mucosal function are not known. We sought to determine whether isolated distal...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2003.026989
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? What is the nature of slow wave-driven contraction frequency gradients in the small intestine? What is the main finding and its importance? Frequency plateaux are composed of discrete waves of increased interval, each wave associated with a contraction dislocatio...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP086871
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? We investigated whether 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) could prevent acute increases in body fat and changes in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue following the sudden transition from physical activity to physical inactivity. ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP086335
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The autonomic adjustments to exercise are mediated by central signals from the higher brain (central command) and by a peripheral reflex arising from working skeletal muscle (exercise pressor reflex), with further modulation provided by the arterial baroreflex. Although it is clear that central command, the exercise p...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2005.032037
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of resistance training on arterial stiffening is controversial. We tested the hypothesis that resistance training would not alter central arterial compliance. Young healthy men (age, 23 +/- 3.9 (mean +/- s.e.m.) years; n = 28,) were whole-body resistance trained five times a week for 12 weeks, using a rotat...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2004.029504
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sympathetic neural regulation of the cerebral circulation remains controversial. The purpose of the present study was to determine how exercise modulates the simultaneous responsiveness of the cerebral and brachial circulations to 'endogenous' sympathetic activation (cold pressor test). In nine healthy subjects, h...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2010.054387
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The uptake and distribution of CO throughout the circulatory system during two different methods of CO rebreathing (2 min 'Schmidt' and 40 min 'Burge' methods) were determined in nine healthy volunteers. Specifically, the impact of (i) differences in circulatory mixing time (t(mix)), (ii) CO diffusion to myoglobin (Mb...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2010.054031
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Impairment and subsequent improvement in cerebral oxygenation during acute and prolonged exposure to high altitude affect exercise performance. This study innovates by investigating the effect of acute and prolonged high-altitude exposure on cerebral haemodynamic...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP088354
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neurohypophysial hormone vasopressin contributes to control of urine output and, while urine flow shows a clear daily rhythm, there has been debate as to whether this is true of neurohypophysial hormones. A study was performed on fifteen adult males, with a mean age of 25 years, over a 24 h period, nine blood samp...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1998.sp004124
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of body posture on post-submaximal exercise parasympathetic reactivation and to examine whether this influence was preserved under a heightened sympathetic background. On four occasions, eleven moderately trained subjects (22.1 +/- 3.0 years old) performed, in r...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2009.048041
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spermine is a low molecular weight polyamine involved in the postnatal maturation of the gut. When it is administered orally to suckling rats, it induces maturation of the intestinal tract (liver, pancreas and small intestine). Here we show that this polyamine is able to induce precocious intestinal and splenic develo...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/eph8702277
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of testosterone (T) in the regulation of cardiovascular function in females is not well understood. Our goal was to examine the effect of T on cardiomyocyte biology by measuring sarcomere shortening/relaxation and intracellular calcium cycling in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into th...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2012.067009
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An imaging technique (laser Doppler perfusion imaging, LDI), based on measurement of backscattered Doppler-broadened laser radiation, was used to provide two-dimensional images of perfusion in the exposed rat knee joint capsule. In control animals, frequency-dependent constriction of knee joint blood vessels occurred ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1995.sp003851
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the most basic computational elements within a circuit is the synapse across which signals are transferred. Here we summarize some experimental strategies that allow the synaptic basis of circuit function to be studied through imaging. The two most promising approaches available currently are pHluorin-based rep...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2009.051953
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Clinical studies suggest that obesity 'protects' against osteoporosis. However, these studies used only bone densitometry and assessed only one bone site, which is insufficient to enable conclusions to be drawn about the response of the whole skeleton. Furthermor...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2014.082511
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the topic of this review? Excitation-contraction coupling in fish hearts is maintained over a range of temperatures that would be cardioplegic to most mammals. Here, we review what is known about the fish cardiac ryanodine receptor, and consider how it may be regulated in a different manner from th...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/EP085136
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Does baroreceptor unloading during passive hyperthermia contribute to increases in ventilation and decreases in end-tidal carbon dioxide during that exposure? What is the main finding and its importance? Hyperthermic hyperventilation is not mitigated by expanding...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP085259
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00