Abstract:
:A two year prospective study identified 1922 cases of meningitis in children under 1 year of age. A further 201 cases were identified from other sources. The annual incidence of meningitis during the first year of life was 1.6/1000; during the first 28 days of life it was 0.32/1000, and among postneonatal infants it was 1.22/1000. The male:female ratio was 1.4:1. The overall case fatality rate was 19.8% for neonates and 5.4% for postneonatal infants. Two thirds of deaths identified in the study, 50% of all deaths, were not attributed to meningitis by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Group B beta haemolytic streptococci (28%), Escherichia coli (18%), and Listeria monocytogenes (5%) were most frequently isolated from neonates and Neisseria meningitidis (31%), Haemophilus influenzae (30%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (10%) from postneonatal infants. At 2-6 months of age N meningitidis meningitis was most common, and at 7-12 months H influenzae predominated. Meningitis caused by group B beta haemolytic streptococci occurred up to 6 months of age and had a consistent mortality of 25%. Neonatal meningitis due to Gram negative enteric rods had a mortality of 32%. Low birth weight was a significant predisposing factor for both neonates and postneonatal infants. In both groups mortality was significantly higher among children admitted in coma. There was no seasonal variation in incidence in either group. Neonates were treated with either group. Neonates were treated with either chloramphenicol (50%) or gentamicin (48%) usually in combination with a penicillin; 40% received a third generation cephalosporin. Of the 1472 postneonatal infants treated 84% received chloramphenicol with a penicillin and 10% received a third generation cephalosporin. Relapse occurred in 49 patients and three died. Eighteen babies coned as a result of raised intracranial pressure, including four neonates, and four died. Mortality among the 133 (7%) children who received steroids was significantly higher than in the rest of the study group.
journal_name
Arch Dis Childjournal_title
Archives of disease in childhoodauthors
de Louvois J,Blackbourn J,Hurley R,Harvey Ddoi
10.1136/adc.66.5.603subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-05-01 00:00:00pages
603-7issue
5eissn
0003-9888issn
1468-2044journal_volume
66pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:Antibiotic drugs are frequently used for viral infections in children. It is probable that health beliefs and parental concern have great influence on the use of drugs in children. This study, performed in The Netherlands, investigates whether the use of antibiotics in children is associated with the use of m...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2011-301150
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a prospective study in which we investigated why children fail to get vaccinated against whooping cough, including an assessment of the attitudes of parents and professionals and the impact of different views of the contraindications. There was considerable disagreement among the professionals on the inter...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.61.4.382
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review, we survey some significant advances in the medical care of babies <1000 g and we highlight the development of care pathways that ensure optimal antenatal care, which is a prerequisite for good neonatal outcomes. We also suggest that the long overdue development of family integrated care will in the end...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2015-309583
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kwashiorkor and marasmus, collectively termed severe acute malnutrition (SAM), account for at least 10% of all deaths among children under 5 years of age worldwide, virtually all of them in low-income and middle-income countries. A number of risk factors, including seasonal food insecurity, environmental enteropathy, ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2014-306026
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the recent trends in demographic, clinical and microbiological characteristics and outcome of treatment in paediatric cases of tuberculosis. DESIGN:National surveillance study. SETTING:England and Wales. PATIENTS:All children under the age of 16 years reported with tuberculosis to the national ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.2008.139543
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of body composition on average daily metabolic rate (ADMR) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) in adolescence, and to examine current BMR prediction equations. STUDY:Dutch adolescents were pooled with previously reported American and British subjects (n = 90 overall). BMR and ADMR were analyse...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.85.1.73
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data are presented on 25 children under 2 years of age with acute renal failure treated by peritoneal dialysis. The clinical features, treatment, complications, and outcome of the illnesses are described. 22 (88%) survived, and though the incidence of serious complications during the illness was high most regained ful...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.51.6.459
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the policy, administration, and supervision of medicine administration in primary schools within the Greater London area (GLA). DESIGN:A prospective survey using postal questionnaires sent to 172 randomly selected primary schools within the GLA. PARTICIPANTS:Head teachers of primary schools. RES...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.2003.047258
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four child-protection scenarios were sent to 200 named/designated and non-named/non-designated doctors. The respondents judged each scenario as abuse or accident and indicated their degree of certainty. There was a 71% response rate. There were no significant differences in judgement or degrees of certainty of judgeme...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.2006.105528
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Samples of breast milk collected from mothers of infants with breast milk jaundice were analysed for 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha, 20 beta-diol, and other pregnanediols using gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. None was detected in any of the specimens and therefore it is unlikely to be the inhibitory fac...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.56.6.474
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Despite immunisation, antibiotics and intensive care management, infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The WHO currently recommends vaccinating infants with either a 3+0 schedule (6 weeks, 3-4 and 4-6 months of age) or 2+1 schedule (2 doses be...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2018-316254
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the prevalence of depression in children with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)/myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and investigate the relationship between depression in CFS/ME and clinical symptoms such as fatigue, disability, pain and school attendance. DESIGN:Cross-sectional survey data using the Hos...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-303396
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To identify the experiences of patients, parents or carers when a child/young person is prescribed a new long-term medicine. METHOD:Patients' prescribed a new long-term (>6 weeks) medicine were recruited from a single UK paediatric hospital out-patient pharmacy.A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to p...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2016-311535.58
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The changes in transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) during 123 observations of 10 care procedures were compared with the intrinsic variability of the TcPO2 at the time of the procedures. Standard deviations of the TcPO2 were measured by planimetry from continuous recording in undisturbed infants during a 10-minute co...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.58.1.20
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 10 children with cystic fibrosis and persisting steatorrhoea, supplementation with taurine (30-40 mg/kg/day) was given for two months as an adjunct to the usual pancreatic enzyme treatment. A three day fat and energy balance was performed in patients with cystic fibrosis, before and after the supplementation, and i...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.67.9.1082
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe the results of a prospective study in which 120 women who developed hypertension in the last trimester of pregnancy were randomly allocated in double blind manner to atenolol or placebo. The mean duration of treatment was five weeks. The only difference between groups during the neonatal period was in resp...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/adc.59.11.1061
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skinfold standards provide a useful indication of subcutaneous fat. To evaluate skinfold thickness of 252 Cambridge infants over the first 2 years of age, SD scores relative to the Tanner standards were calculated, taking account of skewness in the standards. Cambridge SD scores were low, varying according to age from...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.78.4.354
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To determine the association between allergic rhinitis, bottle feeding, non-nutritive sucking habits, and malocclusion in the primary dentition. METHODS:Data were collected on 1160 children aged 4-5 years, who had been longitudinally followed since the age of 4 months, when they were admitted to nurseries in a sub...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.2005.088484
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma concentrations of motilin, gastrin, and enteroglucagon were measured in cord blood and during the first 24 days of life before feeding in 45 term and 63 preterm, healthy infants. Levels of these hormones rose steeply after birth, reaching concentrations that were much higher than those in fasting adults. These ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.55.9.673
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A randomised double blind, two period cross over study was designed to compare the ability of 51 hospitalised asthmatics with acute exacerbations to use each of two inhalers. The inhalers compared were a new breath actuated metered dose inhaler, the Autohaler inhalation device, and a dry powder device, the Rotahaler. ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/adc.68.4.477
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cyclosporine A (CsA) has been widely used in children with steroid dependent and steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (NS) because of its efficacy in relieving these patients from systemic side effects of steroids. However, its long term use is controversial, since chronic CsA induced nephropathy (CsAN) may ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.2005.080960
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the consequences of early intercourse affect the woman and much research has focused upon her. As part of a study on teenage pregnancy, where 137 women were interviewed, 46 men were also interviewed. They were less likely to have had teaching about sex from parents and were subject to less parental supervision...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.63.8.935
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine and compare the characteristics of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) caused by rice and cow's milk/soy. DESIGN:Retrospective study of children presenting with FPIES to the Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia, over a 16-year period. RESULTS:There were 14 children with...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.2008.145144
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risk factors for mortality were analysed in a consecutive group of 1158 children presenting to the Aga Khan University Medical Center, Karachi, with multidrug resistant typhoid fever that had been proved on culture. There were 19 deaths, representing an overall case fatality rate of 1.6%. Multidrug resistant typho...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.75.3.214
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over a period of 30 months, umbilical artery catheters were inserted in 229 infants. The main complications were haemorrhage, infection, and obstruction of a blood vessel. The incidence of infection was not affected by the use of prophylactic antibiotics. Vascular obstruction was more common in small infants, and in t...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.48.4.296
更新日期:1973-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To investigate how parents report children's respiratory sounds on video compared to a clinical "gold standard". METHODS:Five clinicians agreed on 10 video clips of children with audible breathing. These responses were the "gold standard". The clips were shown to parents of children: (a) with asthma/wheeze; (b) w...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.84.1.31
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:There is limited information on the psychosocial impact of growing up with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), characterised by slow growth in utero leading to short stature in adulthood. Such information could aid families in making difficult treatment decisions and guide management strategies for health professi...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2018-314952
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 case study and a clinical study with laboratory rats examined the question of breast milk jaundice. The case study confirmed clinical diagnosis of breast milk jaundice. The clinical study compared the effects of breast milk and 3alpha, 20beta-pregnanediol on the conjugation of bilirubin and o-aminophenol by rat li...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.46.246.195
更新日期:1971-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Coventry Consensus in 1998 recommended a single height measurement of all children at school entry or around the age of 5 years and prompt referral of children with height <0.4th centile for further assessment, in order to identify undetected and treatable asymptomatic growth disorders. AIM:To determine...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.88.6.477
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The development, delivery and evaluation of a training programme for medical and nursing professionals on best practice for informing families of their child's disability. DESIGN:A 2 h training course on 'Best practice guidelines for informing families of their child's disability' was designed based on the f...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-303037
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00