Abstract:
:In modern sprint cross-country skiing, strength and maximal speed are major determinants of performance. The aims of this study were to ascertain the anthropometric characteristics of world-class sprint skiers and to evaluate whether a specific body composition and/or body dimension characterizes a successful sprint skier. Our hypothesis was that body height and lean body mass are related to peak speed in double poling and diagonal stride. Fourteen male national and international elite skiers performed two peak speed tests in double poling and diagonal stride roller skiing on a treadmill and were analysed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to determine body composition and body dimensions. Relative pole length was positively correlated with both techniques (double poling: r = 0.77, P < 0.01; diagonal stride: r = 0.60, P < 0.05) and was the only variable that was part of the multiple regression model for both double poling and diagonal stride peak speed. Body height was not correlated with any technique, whereas lean trunk mass (r = 0.75, P < 0.01), body mass index (r = 0.66, P < 0.01), total lean mass (r = 0.69, P < 0.01), and body mass (r = 0.57, P < 0.05) were positively related to double poling peak speed. Total lean mass (absolute: r = 0.58, P < 0.05; relative: r = 0.76, P < 0.001) and relative lean mass of the trunk, arms (both r = 0.72, P < 0.01), and legs (r = 0.54, P < 0.05) were positively related to diagonal stride peak speed. In conclusion, skiers should aim to achieve a body composition with a high percentage of lean mass and low fat mass. A focus on trunk mass through increased muscle mass appears to be important, especially for double poling. The use of longer poles (percent body height) seems to be advantageous for both double poling and diagonal stride peak speed, whereas body dimensions do not appear to be a predictive factor.
journal_name
J Sports Scijournal_title
Journal of sports sciencesauthors
Stoggl T,Enqvist J,Muller E,Holmberg HCdoi
10.1080/02640410903414160subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-01-01 00:00:00pages
161-9issue
2eissn
0264-0414issn
1466-447Xpii
918927318journal_volume
28pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract::Relationships between skeletal maturation and fundamental motor skills and gross motor coordination were evaluated in 429 children (213 boys and 216 girls) 7-10 years. Skeletal age was assessed (Tanner-Whitehouse 2 method), and stature, body mass, motor coordination (Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder, KTK) and funda...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.977935
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug abuse by adolescents has been investigated in various surveys that reported correlations between age, gender, and activity. However, none of these studies included chemical analyses to help substantiate the statements of participants. In the present study, the urine specimens of 964 students (439 females, 525 mal...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410801910293
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The addition of whey protein to a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink has been shown to enhance post-exercise rehydration when a volume below that recommended for full fluid balance restoration is provided. We investigated if this held true when volumes sufficient to restore fluid balance were consumed and if differences m...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.925570
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we examined the relationships between body sway, aim point fluctuation and performance in rifle shooting on an inter- and intra-individual basis. Six elite shooters performed 20 shots under competition conditions. For each shot, body sway parameters and four aim point fluctuation parameters were quantif...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/0264041031000101881
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research indicates that instructing athlete's to focus on bodily movements (internal focus of attention [IFA]) may hinder performance, whereas instructing them to focus on the movement outcome (external focus of attention [EFA]) often enhances performance. Despite the importance of instructions in striking combat spor...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1175651
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that increased availability of blood-borne glucose would improve endurance after carbohydrate loading. A single-leg exercise model was employed, taking advantage of the fact that supercompensation of muscle glycogen occurs only in a previously exercised limb. Endura...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/02640418908729831
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study examined the extent to which scores on the Dispositional Flow Scale-2 (DFS-2) could differentiate individuals who frequently experience flow characteristics in physical activity from those who do not. A total of 993 participants completed the Japanese version of the DFS-2. Latent class factor analysi...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.695083
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between stroke parameters and critical swimming speed (which is defined as the speed that can theoretically be maintained without exhaustion). Stroke parameters (stroke rate and length) and velocity were recorded for each 25-m length during a control...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410802475205
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of training change-of-direction speed and small-sided games on performance in the Planned-AFL agility test and reactive agility. Twenty-five elite-standard U-18 Australian Rules football players were randomly allocated either to a change-of-direction group or a sm...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.823230
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cross-country skiing is a complex endurance sport requiring technical skills, in addition to considerable physiological and tactical abilities. This review aims to identify biomechanical factors that influence the performance of cross-country skiers. Four electronic databases were searched systematically for original ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1775375
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study aimed to explore the mediating role of social factors on the associations between attachment styles and basic psychological needs satisfaction within two relational contexts. Athletes (N = 215) completed a multi-section questionnaire pertaining to attachment styles, basic needs satisfied within the c...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.744078
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we found that the optimum take-off angle for a long jumper may be predicted by combining the equation for the range of a projectile in free flight with the measured relations between take-off speed, take-off height and take-off angle for the athlete. The prediction method was evaluated using video measu...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410400022011
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children's fundamental movement skill levels (FMS) predict moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Asian children have been reported as less active than English-Europeans, possibly due to poorer skills. This study compared the FMS of children from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) backgrounds and exa...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1508399
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coaches are central to talent development in youth soccer and what they say and do impacts on players' achievements and well-being. Researchers have systematically observed coach behaviour and practice activities within this setting (i.e. 'what coaches do'). We review this research in light of contemporary discussion ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.721930
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine whether endurance training in athletes induces airway inflammation and pulmonary function disorders. Respiratory pattern and function were analysed in ten healthy endurance runners at rest, during sub-maximal exercise, and during the recovery. Inflammatory cells and metabolites (...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410802123177
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to gather information from scientific literature related to all steps of Van Mechelen's "sequence of prevention" for injuries applied to youth and adult recreational field hockey players. A systematic review was conducted in Medline via Pubmed and in SPORTDiscus via EBSCOhost. Twenty-six ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1764898
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the current study was to establish which indicators of mobility are associated with successful wheelchair rugby performance and determine whether these indicators differed across classification. Data were collected from 11 international teams during 30 matches (353 match observations) using a radio-frequenc...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1028087
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty specialist marathon runners and 23 specialist ultra-marathon runners underwent maximal exercise testing to determine the relative value of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), peak treadmill running velocity, running velocity at the lactate turnpoint, VO2 at 16 km h-1, % VO2max at 16 km h-1, and running time in...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640419008732129
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inability of the between-bowlers methodology to control parameters external to technique could lead to erroneous significant and non-significant associations being reported between fast-bowling technique and ball release speed. Using Pearson's product - moment correlation, we first examined the effectiveness of a ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410601096822
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In taekwondo, the stance position can potentially affect kick performance. The aim of this study was to analyse mechanical variables in the roundhouse kick in taekwondo according to three stance positions (0°, 45°, 90°). Nine experienced taekwondo athletes performed consecutive kicking trials in a random order accordi...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.803590
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine whether 3 weeks of intermittent normobaric hypoxic exposure at rest was able to elicit changes that would benefit multi-sport athletes. Twenty-two multi-sport athletes of mixed ability were exposed to either a normobaric hypoxic gas (intermittent hypoxic training group) or a plac...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640410600718129
更新日期:2007-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::It is shown how to derive the appropriate cubic equation relating power and the effects of friction, gradient and wind resistance on the speed of a human-powered vehicle (HPV). The effects of gradient and wind resistance are explored for parameters representing a typical racing cyclist. The principal conclusion may be...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640419408732191
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A maximal multistage 20 m shuttle run test was designed to determine the maximal aerobic power of schoolchildren, healthy adults attending fitness class and athletes performing in sports with frequent stops and starts (e.g. basketball, fencing and so on). Subjects run back and forth on a 20 m course and must touch the...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640418808729800
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of training on the force-, velocity-, and displacement-time curves using principal component analysis (PCA) to examine the pre to post intervention changes. Thirty-four trained women basketball players were randomly divided into training and control groups. The tr...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1504602
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, we examine the question of what information is processed during observational learning by evaluating a variety of methods, theories, and empirical data. Initially, we review work involving neuroimaging techniques and infant imitation. We then evaluate data from behavioural experiments involving adults...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/02640410600946860
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of shaft stiffness on grip and clubhead kinematics. Two driver shafts with disparate levels of stiffness, but very similar inertial properties, were tested by 33 golfers representing a range of abilities. Shaft deflection data as well as grip and clubhead kine...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1157262
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In any situation where heat production as a result of physical exercise exceeds heat elimination from the body by radiation and convection, the body will depend on sweat secretion and evaporation for its thermoregulation. Sweat secretion will reach maximal levels at high energy expenditures in the heat but will be lim...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640419108729871
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims to assess fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency, physical self-confidence levels, and the relationship between these variables and gender differences among adolescents. Three hundred and ninety five adolescents aged 13.78 years (SD = ±1.2) from 20 schools were involved in this study. The Test of...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1235280
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) cannot be used to evaluate participants taller than the scan area. We aimed to analyse the accuracy of bone mineral content, fat mass, and lean mass assessed with DXA whole-body scan and from the sum of two scans (head and trunk plus limbs). Participants were 31 athletes (13 male...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.734918
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The length of telomeres is an objective measure of biologic ageing. This study evaluated the extent minutes of walking per week are associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a random sample of 5,823 U.S. adults. The investigation was cross-sectional and data were obtained from the National Health and Nutritio...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1739896
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00