Abstract:
PURPOSE:The astrocytic enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) is a key regulator of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism in the glutamate/glutamine cycle (GGC). Inhibition of GS results in changes of neurotransmitter release and recycling. However, little is known about the influence of GGC on neurotransmitter receptor expression. In the pentylenetetrazole model of epilepsy, GS becomes nitrated and partially inhibited, and we demonstrated alterations of neurotransmitter receptor expression in the same model. Therefore, we hypothesized similar changes of neurotransmitter receptor expression when GS is inhibited in vivo. METHODS:Rats were treated with a single dose (100 mg/kg bodyweight) of l-methionine sulfoximine (MSO), an irreversible inhibitor of GS. We used ³H-receptor autoradiography to measure glutamatergic [α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazol-propionic acid (AMPA), kainate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)], GABAergic (GABA(A) , GABA(B) and GABA(A) -associated benzodiazepine (BZ) binding sites], dopamine D₁, and adenosine A₁ receptor subtypes. In addition, we performed saturation analysis of BZ binding sites on cerebral membrane homogenates and investigated the expression of GABA(A) α₁ and γ₂ subunits (which primarily mediate BZ binding) by western blot analysis. RESULTS:We demonstrated a significant reduction of BZ binding in the somatosensory, piriform, and entorhinal cortices and in the amygdala, 24 and 72 h after MSO treatment. Saturation analysis revealed decreased BZ binding (B(max)) on cerebral membrane homogenates 72 h after MSO treatment, without changes in binding site affinity (K(D)). Furthermore, we found differential changes of α₁ , γ₂ , and phosphorylated γ₂ subunits following MSO treatment. CONCLUSION:On the basis of our findings, we conclude that the glutamate/glutamine cycle directly influences GABAergic neurotransmission by regulating GABA(A) subunit composition, thereby affecting its modulation by endogenous benzodiazepines.
journal_name
Epilepsiajournal_title
Epilepsiaauthors
Cremer CM,Bidmon HJ,Görg B,Palomero-Gallagher N,Escobar JL,Speckmann EJ,Zilles Kdoi
10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02562.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-08-01 00:00:00pages
1446-55issue
8eissn
0013-9580issn
1528-1167pii
EPI2562journal_volume
51pub_type
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