Abstract：
:This article aims to provide an overview of efficacy and safety data on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our goal is to differentiate the clinical profiles of GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors, as well as the individual agents within each class. Additionally, we examine the utility of GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors as these agents may be applied at different stages of type 2 diabetes therapy and discuss recently published clinical findings and their implications for treatment.
journal_name
Eur J Intern Medjournal_title
European journal of internal medicineauthors
Gilbert MP,Pratley REdoi
10.1016/j.ejim.2009.05.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-07-01 00:00:00pages
S309-18eissn
0953-6205issn
1879-0828pii
S0953-6205(09)00096-Xjournal_volume
20 Suppl 2pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) has been associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Improving glycaemia or other traditional cardiovascular risk factors may reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM. However, single risk intervention in T2DM has not provided convincing evidence in the reduction of cardio...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2017.04.017
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mallory-Weiss syndrome is defined by upper gastrointestinal bleeding from vomiting-induced mucosal lacerations at the esophago-gastric junction. This study was purposed to investigate the incidence, location, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and effectiveness of treatment (including endoscopic treatment and...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2012.02.005
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Renal dysfunction is associated with increased risk of mortality. The novel Full Age Spectrum (FAS) equations estimating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on serum creatinine (FAScrea) and cystatin C (FAScysC) are validated across the entire age spectrum and are superior markers of renal function co...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2018.02.005
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Simple Clinical Score (SCS) determined at the time of admission places acutely ill general medical patients into one of five risk classes associated with an increasing risk of death within 30 days. The cohort of acute medical patient that the SCS was derived from had, on average, four combinations of 74 ...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2008.04.012
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Dopamine agonists are the first line therapy for the treatment of prolactinomas. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of macroprolactinomas during long-term follow-up after initial treatment with dopamine agonists. DESIGN:Retrospective follow-up study. PATIENTS:We included 72 consecutive patients...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2008.11.012
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Background: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), defined as hypoxemia and functional intrapulmonary right-to-left shunts in the presence of chronic liver disease, is a frequent complication of end-stage liver disease. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of pulmonary dysfunction and the prevalence of HPS in no...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0953-6205(02)00066-3
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Antiphospholipid antibodies, the hallmark of the antiphospholipid syndrome, are associated with both venous and arterial thrombosis. Despite some reports stating that this association may be present in patients with low titres of anticardiolipin antibodies, a clear association has only been established in th...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2009.12.010
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant circulating protein and accounts for about 70% of the plasma colloid osmotic pressure. Beside the well known capacity to act as plasma-expander, HSA is provided of many other properties which are unrelated to the regulation of fluid compartmentalization, including binding...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2013.05.015
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to investigate the patients' characteristics that correlate with greater compliance to CPAP use. METHODS:Patients diagnosed with OSAHS and treated with CPAP, who had at least one follow-up visit in the Sleep Clinic during one year, were included in the study. Demographic data, histor...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2009.07.004
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may predict microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus and are elevated when metabolic control is poor. We tested whether serum VEGF is influenced by prevailing glucose and insulin levels. METHODS:In 15 type 1 diabetic patients, se...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2006.11.006
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Diagnostic algorithms for pulmonary embolism (PE) have been validated in patients attending hospital emergency departments. However, general practitioners (GPs) are often the professionals of first resort for the majority of non-critical cases of PE. AIM:To evaluate the knowledge of the diagnostic algorithm...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2014.11.005
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within a few decades half of the patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) will be older than 80 years. These patients are at particularly high risk of thromboembolism (Scylla) but also of the hemorrhagic complications of thromboprophylaxis (Charybdis). A frequent compromise is to use as antithrombotic agent...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2013.02.001
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 50-year-old man with no medical history was admitted because of progressive respiratory distress, aseptic meningitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, cholestatic hepatitis, and renal failure. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was confirmed serologically. The patient was treated with erythromycin and showed a f...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0953-6205(03)00102-x
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Data on the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Italy are outdated and usually derived from studying residents in small towns. METHODS:To assess prevalence of and risk factors for HCV infection among Italian residents in 5 metropolitan areas, subjects ≥20 years of age were randomly selected f...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2018.02.015
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:18F-FDG PET/CT can detect large-vessel involvement in giant-cell arteritis (GCA) with a good sensitivity. In patients with clinically and biologically controlled disease, we aimed to assess how vascular uptakes evolve on repetitive FDG-PET/CT. PATIENTS AND METHODS:All included patients had to satisfy the 4 f...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2017.08.013
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a well-recognized major cause of nosocomial infection worldwide. During the past decade, however, the epidemiology of staphylococcal infections has partially changed, with an increase in the number of patients who acquire infections in the community. The changing e...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2008.08.016
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:BACKGROUND: Tests able to help in the diagnostic work-up of pleural exudates are needed. C-reactive protein (CRP) may be useful for distinguishing between benign and malignant exudates. METHODS: A total of 123 consecutive patients diagnosed as having exudative pleural effusion (60 associated with malignancy and 63 ben...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0953-6205(02)00036-5
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established treatment for refractory chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with ventricular dyssynchrony. The patient selection for this therapy remains the basis for response improvement. Various parameters, methods and technology for identification of appropriate patient ...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2010.11.002
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pacemaker infection is a severe process affecting 1-7% of implants. Pulse generator pocket infection is most common. Endocarditis in patients with pacemakers is quite rare. Clinical signs include systemic-related symptoms and severe complications in as many as 40% of cases. The aim of our study was to review...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2007.02.015
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Whether or not mild hyperhomocysteinemia and low serum levels of folates or vitamin B12 are risk factors for osteoporosis in the elderly is controversial. AIMS AND METHODS:To investigate whether or not plasma levels of total homocysteine (tHcy) and serum levels of folates and vitamin B12 are associated with...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2010.03.017
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Prognostic implications of echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in non-selected patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF) are not clearly defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between echocardiography-derived PH in AHF and 1-year all-cause mortality. ...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2013.04.009
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We tested our hypothesis that serum BNP levels rise in sepsis and septic shock patients as a result of an inflammatory state and not only because of left ventricular dysfunction. METHODS:Twenty-one patients with sepsis or septic shock were enrolled in the study. Echocardiography was performed in every patie...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2006.07.013
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intravascular lymphomatosis (IVL) is a rare, yet important, cause of a variety of unexplained neurological syndromes. In this clinical context, the only clue to the diagnosis may be a significantly raised plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) on a background of clinical features of a systemic illness. ...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2005.06.001
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In recent decades, the growing incidence of patients with heart failure who have preserved systolic function, underlines the need to differentiate between heart failure due to diastolic dysfunction and that due to systolic dysfunction. OBJECTIVE:To develop a prediction profile of clinical parameters that en...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2008.09.001
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Low serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are a hallmark of hypophosphatasia. However, the clinical significance and the underlying genetics of low ALP in unselected populations are unclear. METHODS:In order to clarify this issue, we performed a clinical, biochemical and genetic study of 42 individuals...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2015.12.019
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Of the different respiratory disorders that complicate the course of polymyositis, diaphragmatic weakness is one that is seldom described and most often suspected rather than confirmed. We report a case of severe diaphragmatic weakness as a cause of acute respiratory failure revealing a polymyositis. The diaphragmatic...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0953-6205(02)00015-8
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) are the key treatments for Crohn's Disease (CD), unresponsive to standard treatments. Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of IFX and ADA in treating CD in clinical practice. METHODS:One hundred and twenty-six patients (61 M, 65 F, mean age 36.2 years, range 1...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2014.02.010
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Diabetes mellitus can cause a wide variety of vascular complications and it is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). High glucose can induce vascular endothelial cell apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of radix hedysari polysaccharide (HPS) on the depression of ap...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2011.10.006
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of halitosis before and after eradication therapy and to determine whether halitosis is a valid indication for eradication therapy in patients with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-positive non-ulcer dyspepsia. METHODS: Dyspepsia, related symptoms, an...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0953-6205(02)00206-6
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The site of acquisition of infection may have a major impact on outcome. The health care-related (HCR) environment has recently come under scrutiny. In a group of patients with bacteremic septic arthritis (SA), we compared their characteristics, type of SA, microbiology and prognosis according to the site of...
journal_title：European journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejim.2015.11.013
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
