Abstract:
:The area postrema (AP) is one of the circumventricular organs of the brain and as such it is highly vascular and lacks the normal blood-brain barrier. Anatomical tracing studies have demonstrated afferent projections to AP originating from the paraventricular nucleus, lateral parabrachial nucleus (l-PBN), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), as well as the vagus nerve. AP neurons have been shown to project primarily to l-PBN, and NTS. Receptor localization studies have reported dense aggregations of many specific peptide receptors in AP including those for angiotensin II (ANG), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and endothelin (ET). Electrical stimulation studies have shown that activation of AP neurons at low frequencies (less than 15 Hz) results in decreases in blood pressure and heart rate, while higher frequency (greater than 20 Hz) stimulation causes increases in blood pressure. These low frequency effects on blood pressure and heart rate appear to result from activation of separate components of the autonomic nervous system. Extracellular single unit recordings have identified two functionally separate populations of AP neurons: one responsive to circulating ANG and a second apparently responsive to changes in blood pressure. In addition, AP neurons are activated by increases in circulating ET. Afferent inputs to AP neurons from 1-PBN have separate excitatory (12% of AP neurons) or inhibitory (12% of AP neurons) effects on a relatively small proportion of AP neurons. In contrast, preliminary evidence suggests a much more broadly distributed excitatory input to approximately 70% of tested AP neurons originating from the aortic depressor nerve. These studies provide considerable evidence implicating the AP as a significant neural structure regulating the cardiovascular system.
journal_name
Can J Physiol Pharmacoljournal_title
Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacologyauthors
Ferguson AVdoi
10.1139/y91-153subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-07-01 00:00:00pages
1026-34issue
7eissn
0008-4212issn
1205-7541journal_volume
69pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::When isolated rat adipocytes were incubated with increasing concentrations of levamisole (0.5-5 mM), basal glucose oxidation decreased by almost 50% and insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation decreased by 90%. The decrease in glucose oxidation correlated with an inhibition of glucose transport, since levamisole at 5.0 m...
journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
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更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
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journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
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journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
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journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
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更新日期:1977-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
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journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
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更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
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journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1139/y75-138
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
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