Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To explore, following a literature review, whether there is a consistent definition and a unified assessment framework for the term 'spasticity'. The congruence between the definitions of spasticity and the corresponding methods of measurement were also explored. DATA SOURCES:The search was performed on the electronic databases Web of Science, Science Direct and MEDLINE. REVIEW METHODS:A systematic literature search of publications written in English between the years 1980 and 2006 was performed with the following keywords: spasticity and tone. The search was limited to the following keywords: stroke, hemiplegia, upper, hand and arm. RESULTS:Two hundred and fifty references contributed to this review (190 clinical trials, 46 literature reviews, and 14 case reports). Seventy-eight used the Lance definition; 88 equated spasticity with increased muscle tone; 78 provided no definition; and six others used their own definitions for spasticity. Most papers used a single measure and some used more than one. Forty-seven papers used neurophysiological methods of testing, 228 used biomechanical methods of measurement or assessment, 25 used miscellaneous clinical measures (e.g. spasm frequency scales) and 19 did not explicitly describe a measure. CONCLUSION:The term spasticity is inconsistently defined and this inconsistency will need to be resolved. Often, the measures used did not correspond to the clinical features of spasticity that were defined within a paper (i.e. internal validity was compromised). There is need to ensure that this lack of congruence is addressed in future research.
journal_name
Clin Rehabiljournal_title
Clinical rehabilitationauthors
Malhotra S,Pandyan AD,Day CR,Jones PW,Hermens Hdoi
10.1177/0269215508101747subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-07-01 00:00:00pages
651-8issue
7eissn
0269-2155issn
1477-0873pii
0269215508101747journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:To provide a theoretical background, to review existing literature and to present new case material relevant to the treatment of phantom limb pain using hypnotic imagery. METHOD:This paper presents two new case reports involving the use of hypnotic imagery procedures in the alleviation of phantom limb pain a...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1191/0269215502cr507oa
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of oral citalopram, compared with fluoxetine and a placebo, in patients with post-stroke motor disabilities. DESIGN:A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted between January 2015 and January 2016. SETTING:The neurology depar...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0269215518777791
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study is to produce insight in the explanations for declining pulmonary rehabilitation given by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. SETTING:The participants were recruited from a hospital in Denmark, among patients hospitalized due to an exacerbation of chronic obstructiv...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0269215517708821
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of a patient-focused professionally guided self-care programme for the management of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the community. DESIGN:This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING:The study was conducted with people with MS living in the communi...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1191/0269215502cr478oa
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To undertake an audit of existing environmental control system (ECS) provision to see what lessons could be applied to developing a new model of service. DESIGN:Structured interviews and assessments making use of questionnaires and algorithms. SUBJECTS:Users of environmental control systems in the inner Lon...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/026921598671164157
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the criterion validity of lower extremity Motricity Index scores. DESIGN:Retrospective cross-sectional comparison of lower extremity Motricity Index scores and hand-held dynamometer measurements obtained from 15 patients with stroke. RESULTS:For individual actions (ankle dorsiflexion, knee extens...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/026921500675786655
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To systematically investigate how fatigue, depression, anxiety, sleep quality, and life quality are influenced by the Internet-based self-management program (IBSMP) among cancer patients. DATA SOURCES:Eight databases (Cochrane Library, Ovid, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Chinese biomedical database (CBM),...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1177/0269215519889394
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Pilot a definitive randomized controlled trial of speech-language telerehabilitation in poststroke aphasia in addition to usual care with regard to recruitment, drop-outs, and language effects. DESIGN:Pilot single-blinded randomized controlled trial. SETTING:Telerehabilitation delivered from tertiary rehabi...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0269215519896616
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To test the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on fatigue, functional status and health perceptions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. DESIGN:Randomized controlled trial. SETTING:Pulmonary outpatient department. SUBJECTS:Thirty patients randomly assigned to a rehabilitation (3 men, 9 ...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0269215508096174
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate an intensified transition concept between neurological inpatient rehabilitation and home care for long-term effects on the care situation two and a half years after stroke patients' discharge. DESIGN:Controlled clinical trial allocating patients to intervention group (intensified transition on...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0269215506cr978oa
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To establish the feasibility of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effect of a specific immunotherapy bacterial lysate OM-89 (Uro-Vaxom®) in reducing the frequency of urinary tract infections in people with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. DESIGN:A parallel-group, double-blind, randomiz...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0269215520946065
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aerobic exercise training has demonstrated positive effects after brain injury. However, therapists express concern regarding the use of effortful exercise in individuals presenting with spasticity or involuntary muscle activity. This study aimed to address this concern and to evaluate whether an intervention of maxim...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0269215500cr363oa
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To systematically examine the research literature on the effectiveness of constraint-induced movement therapy on improving arm function in children with cerebral palsy, and to assess the association between the study effect size and the characteristics of the patients and intervention protocol. DATA SOURCES:...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1177/0269215514544982
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To validate the Southampton Needs Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ) for use with disabled people during face-to-face interviews. DESIGN:The SNAQ was designed to be used in a cross-sectional survey of disabled people with a physical disability with a follow-up study one year later. Content and criterion validit...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0269215500cr373oa
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether stroke patients with initial increases in arm motor recovery following low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (low TENS) treatment go on to show long-term benefits. Also whether the same therapy results in long-term improvements in motor function, spasticity or activiti...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1191/026921500673534278
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the evidence base underlying self-management programmes specific to stroke survivors. DATA SOURCES:Eleven electronic databases were searched using combinations of keywords related to stroke and self-management. REVIEW METHODS:Studies involving adults with a clinical diagnosis of stroke, which exp...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0269215513481045
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the practical steps in identifying items and evaluating scoring strategies for a new measure of emotional vitality in informal caregivers of individuals who have experienced a significant health event. DESIGN:The psychometric properties of responses to selected items from validated health-related...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0269215514552503
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE::To compare disability between two patient groups using short validated tools based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). DESIGN::Cross-sectional study. SETTING::University hospital specialist outpatient clinic. SUBJECTS::A total of 94 patients with traumatic brain in...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0269215518785945
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the feasibility, convergent and clinical validity of three commonly used burden scales: Caregiver Strain Index (CSI), Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA) and Sense of Competence Questionnaire (SCQ), with a self-developed single question on self-rated burden (SRB). SUBJECTS:Stroke patients receivin...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0269215504cr723oa
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Energy Conservation Strategies Survey (ECSS), a tool that was specifically designed to determine if people with multiple sclerosis who attended the six-week energy conservation course actually implemented the strategies taught to them. DE...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1191/0269215505cr789oa
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To estimate the point prevalence of pressure sores in a community sample of spinal cord injured patients who were followed up by a spinal injuries unit and to evaluate whether self-management strategies were associated with decreased risk of pressure sores. SETTING:A regional spinal injuries unit, UK. DESI...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0269215503cr692oa
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether the Australian National Sub-acute and Non-acute Patient Casemix Classification (SNAP) and Functional Independence Measure and Functional Related Group (Version 2) (FIM-FRG2) casemix systems can be used to predict functional outcome, and reduce the variance of length of stay (LOS) of pat...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0269215500cr357oa
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To provide clinical practitioners with a framework for teaching patients Time Pressure Management, a cognitive strategy that aims to reduce disabilities arising from mental slowness due to acquired brain injury. Time Pressure Management provides patients with compensatory strategies to deal with time pressure i...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0269215508097855
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the concurrent validity of a smart walker-integrated gait analysis system with the GAITRite® system for measuring spatiotemporal gait parameters in potential users of the smart walker. DESIGN:Criterion standard validation study. SETTING:Research laboratory in a geriatric hospital. PARTICIPANTS:Tw...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0269215519852143
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To establish the structural validity of the Chinese version of the Modified Barthel Index and to estimate its inter-rater reliability for use with patients who have had a stroke. DESIGN:Prospective study. SETTING:A regional general hospital and a day hospital in Hong Kong. SUBJECTS:One hundred and sixteen ...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0269215507077286
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:(1) To evaluate constraint-induced movement therapy for chronic stroke patients modified into group practice to limit the demand on therapist resources. (2) To explore whether extended mitt use alone may enhance outcome. DESIGN:A combined case-control and randomized controlled study with pre- and post-treatm...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1191/0269215506cr937oa
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Registration of randomized controlled trials is essential to reduce the risk of biased data being used when judging the effectiveness of an intervention. This journal will in future require that all randomized trials submitted are registered on a recognized register. This editorial explains why. ...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1177/0269215515612209
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the level of agreement of the behavioural mapping method with an accelerometer to measure physical activity of hospitalized patients. DESIGN:A prospective single-centre observational study. SETTING:A university medical centre in the Netherlands. SUBJECTS:Patients admitted to the hospital. M...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0269215519836454
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study validated the Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale translated into Chinese. DESIGN AND SETTING:The Chinese Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale was translated from the original English version following standard forward and backward translation procedures recommended by the International Society for P...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0269215512456309
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of movement imagery-assisted electromyography (EMG)-triggered feedback (focused on paretic wrist dorsiflexors) on the arm-hand function of stroke patients. DESIGN:Single-blinded, longitudinal, multicentre randomized controlled trial. Measurements were performed (on average) 54 days...
journal_title:Clinical rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0269215507075502
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00