Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Skin prick tests are commonly used for human allergy testing and determination. Because solutions are kept at 4 degrees C and patient's skin is cleaned, the same solutions are used on many patients with the same applicators without sterilization. OBJECTIVES:Our objectives were to determine whether a model bacteria could survive in antigen solutions and whether bacteria from patient's skin could be found in clinical antigen solutions. METHODS:Unused antigen solutions were spiked using Staphylococcus epidermidis. Concentration was followed from time = 0 to time = 21 days. Clinical samples consisted of antigen solutions used on a daily basis, from different hospital centers (n = 146). These were tested for total bacterial counts and detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. Isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS:The concentration of S epidermidis remained stable over the 21 days. Twenty-three percent of the clinical antigen solutions contained bacteria. As expected, species like S aureus, S hominis, S epidermidis, and Micrococcus luteus were highly represented (62.5%) within a total of 20 different species. CONCLUSION:Skin bacteria can survive in antigen solutions used in skin prick tests. Moreover, even if no MRSA were observed in field samples, nosocomial infections could be a concern if pathogens were present on the skin of some tested patients.
journal_name
Am J Infect Controljournal_title
American journal of infection controlauthors
Veillette M,Cormier Y,Duchaine Cdoi
10.1016/j.ajic.2008.11.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-09-01 00:00:00pages
606-8issue
7eissn
0196-6553issn
1527-3296pii
S0196-6553(09)00006-6journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Little is known about compliance with universal precautions (CUP) or occupational exposures to blood and body fluids among Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers. The objective of this study was to obtain estimates of CUP and knowledge of universal precautions (KUP), occupational exposures, and needle an...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2009.05.012
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To assess the implementation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination programs for hospital workers, we mailed questionnaires to all 229 licensed Michigan hospitals. The response rate was 96% (221/229); of these, 68% (150/221) had vaccination programs. Although multiple hospital characteristics were associated with the ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0196-6553(88)90059-4
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a retrospective study conducted over 12 months in a multi-hospital system, the incidence of bloodstream infections associated with midline catheters was not significantly lower than that associated with central venous catheters (0.88 vs 1.10 infections per 1,000 catheter-days). Additional research is needed to furt...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2019.11.004
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We performed 4 years of active screening for multidrug resistant organism (MDRO) colonization among patients with a history of overseas hospitalization. Thirteen (56.5%) of 23 cases were positive for MDROs, which highlights the importance of preemptive infection control to prevent the spread of MDROs in this populatio...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2016.06.040
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The incidence of postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) is difficult to estimate because of the current trend of early discharge after surgery. Both operation-related and host factors should be taken into consideration in the prevention of SSIs. We wanted to determine the actual incidence of SSIs and ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0196-6553(97)90082-1
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although hand hygiene (HH) compliance has been an important issue for years, the compliance rate is still a problem in health care today. METHODS:This was an observational, prospective, before-and-after study. We measured HH knowledge and HH compliance before (baseline), directly after (poststrategy), and 6...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2011.09.009
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Healthcare facility-onset Clostridioides difficile infection rates substantially dropped in a Mexican hospital after its conversion to a full COVID-19 setting, despite heavy contamination of the environment the previous year. Better adherence to hand hygiene and contact precautions may help explain this finding. ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2020.12.008
更新日期：2020-12-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We used workers' compensation data to identify health care workers at risk of tuberculosis exposure in the hospital and nonhospital environment. METHODS:We identified State Fund workers' compensation claims having a documented tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion (size >or=10 mm) with a previous negative s...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2006.02.005
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Most studies challenging the integrity of the glove barrier have compared the permeability of vinyl and latex gloves. However, no studies of a new nonlatex, nonvinyl thermoplastic elastomer have been reported. This pilot study therefore compared the protective barriers provided by latex and thermoplastic ela...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0196-6553(93)90385-h
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the last decade, substantial scientific evidence has accumulated that indicates contamination of environmental surfaces in hospital rooms plays an important role in the transmission of key health care-associated pathogens (eg, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Clostrid...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2015.11.015
更新日期：2016-05-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Clostridium difficile is an important pathogen in Canadian health care facilities, and infection prevention and control (IPC) practices are crucial to reducing C difficile infections (CDIs). We performed a cross-sectional study to identify CDI-related IPC practices in Canadian health care facilities. METHOD...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2011.01.007
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report describes a cluster of nosocomial infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a neonatal intensive care nursery. All 5 cases of P aeruginosa infection were clustered in September 1999. Aggressive infection control measures were instituted, including installation of a user-friendly handwashing soap and enviro...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mic.2002.121153
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The validity of self-reported varicella history and cost-effectiveness of a prevaccination screening strategy have not been examined among health care workers (HCWs) living in Korea. METHODS:We investigated varicella-zoster virus immunity of all HCWs in high-risk departments. To determine the history of var...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2014.05.013
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article contains guidelines for selection and design of audiovisual materials pertinent to the teaching of infection control. Clarity, rate of presentation, and color are emphasized because they may correlate directly with effective presentation and learner comprehension. The use of audiovisual programs may cut p...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0196-6553(84)90066-x
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In 1999, licensed health care facilities in California (N = 2532) were invited to participate in a survey about occupational bloodborne pathogens exposure surveillance activities, recordkeeping methods, and use of safety-enhanced sharps devices. RESULTS:A total of 1274 facilities responded to the survey fro...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mic.2002.122646
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Health care-associated infections (HAIs) can be associated with increased health care costs. We examined extra length of hospital stay (LOS) and associated per diem costs attributable to HAIs in a large academic medical center. METHODS:Data for analysis were acquired in a preinterventional phase of a prospe...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2015.09.005
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Better characterization of risk factors for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria is important for prevention, control, and treatment. This study aimed to identify risk factors for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in a population of patients at an acute care urban teaching hospital. METHODS...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2011.04.001
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study was conducted to evaluate the ongoing transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a 10-bed trauma intensive care unit (TICU) in a large teaching hospital. METHODS:Surveillance cultures for MRSA were obtained on admission to the TICU. Colonized or infected patients were p...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2007.05.013
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Of the 309 private dental practitioners in Fars, Iran, surveyed most, 77.7% believed they had a professional duty to treat HIV-positive patients, with 61.4% expressing some level of discomfort about treating these patients, and 75.1% believed they should be treated at a specialist practice. Gloves and masks were not a...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2006.03.006
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The best strategy for active surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains unclear. We attempted to identify a risk factor score to predict MRSA colonization at hospital admission. METHODS:Data on 9 variables reported as risk factors for MRSA colonization were analyzed, and a r...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2013.02.013
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Joint Commission on Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) has received few reports of sentinel events involving health care-associated infection (HAI). The paucity of reporting may lead some to believe that deaths caused by HAI have been overestimated or that health care organizations do not recognize the events. Altho...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2006.12.008
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The infection control team in a university hospital designed, implemented, and evaluated a program to audit infection control policies. Process surveillance techniques of observation and monitoring were used during surveys of patient care areas to evaluate infection control practices. Nineteen unit surveys have been c...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0196-6553(84)90113-5
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Improper disinfection of environmental surfaces contaminated by the feces or vomitus of infected patients is believed to be a major cause of the spread of noroviruses (NoV) in close institutional settings. Although several disinfectants are available, the search for safe and effective disinfectant continues....
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2005.05.012
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs) have a unique patient population, with multiple risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) colonization and infection. METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of patients in LTACHs who were diagnosed with and treated for CRE infections. Basel...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2019.07.006
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To understand whether the burden of hand hygiene contributes to poor compliance we measured the daily number of hand hygiene opportunities (HHOs) by shift for nurses and physicians in 2 wards in a 850-bed university teaching hospital. METHODS:On each ward 4 trained auditors collected the number of HHOs and ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2016.02.006
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Clostridium difficile is the usual and most important cause of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous enterocolitis. The source of nosocomial acquisition of the organism in nonepidemic settings has not been determined. METHODS:Epidemiologic and microbiologic studies were conducted in a community-teaching ho...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0196-6553(94)90070-1
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report macroscopic biofilms on silver hydrogel-coated urinary catheters in 2 patients from 2 different intensive care units. The catheters were removed on observation of a white, jelly layer on the catheters, respectively, 9 and 21 days after insertion. Yeast cells and pseudohyphal structures were observed with mic...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2016.03.042
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because the absolute numbers of both community-acquired and nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) vary, we studied the percentage of hospitalizations for RVGE that were transmitted nosocomially as an indicator of in-hospital acquisition of the infection. In a 4-year prospective study, the percentage of nosocomia...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2010.06.008
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Surgical site infections increase the morbidity, mortality, and costs associated with surgical care. An estimated 96.2 million surgical procedures are performed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) each year. This pilot study assessed the steam sterilization aspect of the surgical instrument reprocess...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2015.06.025
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In the current COVID-19 pandemic, aggressive Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures have been adopted to prevent health care-associated transmission of COVID-19. We evaluated the impact of a multimodal IPC strategy originally designed for the containment of COVID-19 on the rates of other hospital-ac...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2020.10.019
更新日期：2020-11-04 00:00:00
