Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Improper disinfection of environmental surfaces contaminated by the feces or vomitus of infected patients is believed to be a major cause of the spread of noroviruses (NoV) in close institutional settings. Although several disinfectants are available, the search for safe and effective disinfectant continues. Because alcohol and alcohol-based products have been used as antiseptics and their efficacy against several enveloped viruses has been documented, we wanted to determine their efficacy against nonenveloped calicivirus. METHODS:Feline calicivirus (FCV) was used as a surrogate for NoVs, using the carrier test. We evaluated the virucidal efficacy of various concentrations of ethanol and isopropanol against FCV, dried on an inanimate, nonporous contact surface for contact times of 1, 3, and 10 minutes. The virus was eluted after alcohol treatment and titrated in feline kidney cells. Percentage virus inactivation was calculated by comparing these titers with those obtained with virus eluted from controls. RESULTS:Ethanol at 70% and 90% and isopropanol at 40% to 60% concentrations were found to be the most effective, killing 99% of FCV within a short contact time of 1 minute. CONCLUSION:Isopropanol was more efficacious than ethanol at 40% to 60% concentrations, suggesting that the use of an appropriate concentration of isopropanol or ethanol would help in controlling the transmission of NoVs from environmental contact surfaces.
journal_name
Am J Infect Controljournal_title
American journal of infection controlauthors
Malik YS,Maherchandani S,Goyal SMdoi
10.1016/j.ajic.2005.05.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-02-01 00:00:00pages
31-5issue
1eissn
0196-6553issn
1527-3296pii
S0196-6553(05)00577-8journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:In recent years, the wearing of pierced earrings for personal adornment has increased among health care workers in Japan. However, the transmission dynamics between bacteria in pierced earring holes and fingers has not been clearly shown. METHODS:Earlobes and fingers of 200 nurses (128 nurses with pierced e...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2018.06.006
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Community-associated Clostridioides difficile infections (CA-CDIs) share many risk factors with health care-associated cases, although the role of socioeconomic factors is poorly understood. This study estimates the influence of several census tract-level measures of socioeconomic status on CA-CDI incidence ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2018.12.014
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is the most common health care-associated infection, is considered avoidable, and has cost implications for health services. Prevalence is high in nursing homes, but little research has been undertaken to establish whether implementing clinical guidelines can reduc...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2016.09.015
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Compliance with hand hygiene guidelines reduces the risk of health care-associated infection, yet doctors are less compliant than other health care workers. Use of observational hand hygiene auditing with targeted individualized feedback was implemented, with improved hand hygiene of consultant doctors; howe...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2018.12.024
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The optimal frequency for changing pressure monitoring tubing and flush solution that minimizes catheter-related infection and contains cost has not yet been established. We conducted a pilot study to examine the effects of three protocols on catheter-related infection: group I, change of flush solution and pressure m...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0196-6553(88)90061-2
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the efficacy of 5 experimental handwash formulations in removing nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile spores from the hands of health care workers. Handwashing with sand resulted in an additional 0.5-log reduction in spore recovery compared with the current standard of soap and water. ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2015.02.008
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research has substantiated that animals improve human health, both psychologically and physiologically. Therefore, healthcare facilities have begun to implement programs, such as the "Furry Friends Foundation," that bring animals into the facility to improve the quality of life of patients. When implementing these pro...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2005.06.005
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hand hygiene is promoted as an effective practice to counter health care-acquired infections; however, compliance is less than optimal. Nurses have many patient contact opportunities and therefore are frequent participants in intervention research. The optimal combination of efficient and effective intervent...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2016.12.024
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The nature of infection prevention and control is changing; however, little is known about current staffing and structure of infection prevention and control programs. METHODS:Our objectives were to provide a snapshot of the staffing and structure of hospital-based infection prevention and control programs ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2008.11.001
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nasal mucosa colonization by Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for hospital-acquired infections. This study examined the effectiveness of a decolonization strategy on orthopedic surgeons in a teaching hospital. S aureus colonization was detected in 43.2% of the surgeons, 25% of which were methicillin-resistant S ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2019.11.003
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Valid data are a crucial aspect of infection prevention and control programs. The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of routine reporting in the Iranian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System in intensive care units. METHODS:A blinded retrospective review of general intensive care unit medical ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2018.12.028
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Many studies have examined hand hygiene (HH) frequency and adherence in response to various interventions. This study used 2 methods to determine HH frequency and adherence to see how well the outcomes correlated. METHODS:HH frequency was measured over 4, 1-month periods (phases 1-4), using 2 methods: an au...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2005.07.006
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health security. We assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices in regard to antibiotic prescribing and resistance in Cambodian physicians from public hospitals. METHODS:A cross-sectional knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey was distributed to physicians fr...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2016.03.062
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics, but little is known about their ability to increase resistance to chemical disinfectants. This study randomly sampled 3 automated endoscope reprocessors in the United States using aldehydes for endoscope disinfection. Bacterial contamination was found after disinfection ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2011.11.004
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Researchers evaluated flexible endoscope damage and contamination levels at baseline and 2 months later. Postcleaning test results exceeded benchmarks for all gastroscopes and no colonoscopes. Microbial growth was found in samples from 47% of fully reprocessed endoscopes at baseline and 60% at follow-up. Borescope exa...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2016.06.029
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study examining public health workers' 2009 H1N1 and seasonal influenza vaccination uptake, a survey was conducted to assess flu vaccine acceptance, as well as behaviors and beliefs regarding acceptance, among public health workers in southeastern Tennessee. Factors found to be significantly associated with ac...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2011.05.010
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcohol-based products for skin antisepsis have a long history of safety and efficacy in the United States and abroad. However, alcohol alone lacks the required antimicrobial persistence to provide for the sustained periods of skin antisepsis desired in the clinical environment. Therefore, alcohol-based products must ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2004.07.012
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many different treatment options are available for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), which are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of HAP and VAP have been published by various American and European societies, these...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章,实务指引
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2007.01.015
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are important nosocomial pathogens in many hospitals. The true prevalence of VRE in pediatric hospitals is not known. METHODS:A surveillance study was performed at a pediatric tertiary care medical center by using vancomycin-containing screening media. RESULTS:Six chi...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/ic.1998.v26.a93115
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Gloves are a necessary contact precaution to prevent transmission of infectious pathogens that spread by direct or indirect contact with an infected person or a contaminated environment. This article reports a study investigating hand and environmental contamination levels when health care workers (HCWs) fol...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2010.06.007
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA), a high-level disinfectant alternative to glutaraldehyde, was tested for efficacy against human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) using surrogate animal viruses. HBV and HCV are the most prevalent human bloodborne viruses but have not yet been propagated in the laboratory. ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2007.08.005
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Clostridium difficile is the most common health care-associated infection and a major cause of death and increased morbidity. It is vital that patients and the public are provided with the right information and communication to assist them to understand their role in preventative measures. Successful impleme...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2012.05.026
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Information regarding compliance with infection control precautions in the dental settings in the Middle East is scant. OBJECTIVE:To examine the knowledge and practices in infection control among dental staff and dental nurses at a university teaching dental center. METHODS:A self-administered, confidentia...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2005.06.012
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We were alerted to increased rates of Clostridium difficile-positive tests at all 3 hospitals in our health care system by MedMined Data Mining Surveillance Service, CareFusion (San Diego, CA). In response, an intervention of terminal room cleaning with dilute bleach was instituted to decrease the amount of ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2009.11.003
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Health care-associated infections (HAIs) can be associated with increased health care costs. We examined extra length of hospital stay (LOS) and associated per diem costs attributable to HAIs in a large academic medical center. METHODS:Data for analysis were acquired in a preinterventional phase of a prospe...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2015.09.005
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Animals could be reservoirs of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) strains, but epidemiologic data on ESBL-producing bacteria in healthy pets are missing. We determined the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in pets living in nursing homes and in households to investigate the potential role of...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2012.11.013
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In-hospital surveillance of surgical site infections (SSI) was conducted on 599 patients in a German university hospital. On a subgroup of 342 patients, SSI was assessed after discharge from hospital based on data of a questionnaire and telephone interviews. Postdischarge surveillance revealed substantially higher inf...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2008.10.025
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pathogens may be transmitted in hospitals via patients' own hands, but little is known about the facilitators and barriers of hand hygiene among inpatients. This study aimed to assess the hand hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adult inpatients at 5 hospitals. METHODS:The study consisted of a cr...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2019.11.020
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Animal-assisted intervention (AAI) programs are increasing in popularity, but it is unknown to what extent therapy animal organizations that provide AAI and the hospitals and eldercare facilities they work with implement effective animal health and safety policies to ensure safety of both animals and humans....
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2017.04.287
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although familial involvement during inpatient care is not uncommon in western countries, the types of caring activities that family members in Asian countries provide are significantly different. These activities may place the family member at risk from a health care-associated infection. This study aimed t...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2019.10.001
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
