Abstract:
:The human cervicovaginal mucosa is the primary target of HIV-1 infection during male to female transmission. This tissue contains the the full spectrum of cell types and immune modulators that comprise both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Mounting evidence indicates that mucosal epithelial cells are sentinels of the female reproductive tract, producing innate immune mediators that control the vaginal microflora under normal conditions. Recent studies, however, indicate that certain factors secreted in response to another pathogen or after exposure to a vaginal product may in fact enhance infection by HIV-1. Mucosal inflammation and CD4 cell activation as well as disruption of TLR function and epithelial integrity represent potential causes for such effect. It is therefore important to make sure that vaginal products, including microbicides, do not disrupt the structure or function of the cervicovaginal mucosa. Although a number of biomarkers have been linked to microbicide-induced cervicovaginal inflammation and many of these markers have been measured in preclinical and clinical assays, there are currently no data that demonstrate a correlation between any one marker and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in humans. To date, the lack of a validated biomarker of cervicovaginal safety represents a gap in the knowledge base that hinders the rational and expeditious selection of microbicide candidates entering clinical trials. Current discovery efforts and preclinical assessment of microbicide safety use an integrated sequential evaluation system that includes cell-based models, explant-based models, and animal-based models. Relevant research in these areas is yielding new assays and biomarkers that, if validated, will be essential to the rational selection of microbicide candidates for efficacy trials.
journal_name
Sex Transm Disjournal_title
Sexually transmitted diseasesauthors
Cummins JE Jr,Doncel GFdoi
10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181994191subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-03-01 00:00:00pages
S84-91issue
3 Suppleissn
0148-5717issn
1537-4521journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Little is known about mobile application (app)-based behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Thailand. A cross-sectional online assessment of app users in Bangkok found that more than a quarter have never tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 1 in 3 never tested for sexually transmitted infections (...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000624
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amniotic fluid is rarely used in the evaluation of syphilis during pregnancy but was available from a woman with positive serologic tests in the 30th week of gestation. Nonmotile intra-amniotic spirochetes were seen by dark-field microscopy 20 hr after treatment with benzathine penicillin G. The identity of the organi...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007435-198507000-00010
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Targeted partner notification (PN), or limiting PN to groups in which efforts are most successful, has been suggested as a potentially cost-effective alternative to providing PN for all syphilis case-patients. The purpose of this study was to identify index case characteristics associated with highest yield ...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000130
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics often serve a population that has low medical care utilization. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of an STD clinic population to vaccine-preventable diseases. STUDY DESIGN:A cross-sectional study of immunization practices...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007435-199808000-00001
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sexual behaviors have been linked to seropositivity for human papillomavirus (HPV) but not with the magnitude of the seroreactivity. GOALS:The objective of this analysis was to examine the association of sexual behavior, cervical HPV 16 DNA positivity at enrollment (past) and at diagnosis (current), and oth...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007435-200203000-00009
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Since 1995, the incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection has been increasing in Finland, although there have been no major changes in public sexually transmitted disease (STD) services or screening practice. OBJECTIVES:The objective was to study whether the change in C. trachomatis incidence is signific...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.OLQ.0000086606.77125.66
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Denmark introduced the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine into the vaccination program for 12- to 15-year-old girls in 2008 to 2009. In 2012, the program was supplemented with a catch-up program for women aged up to 27 years. We evaluated the effectiveness of the Danish vaccination program on the nati...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000418
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prioritizing interventions for patients with syphilis who are part of large or interconnected sexual networks may be high yield for partner services, and identifying venues named by patients with syphilis who report high numbers of partners may help identify such networks. In this analysis, we explore differ...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000116
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a retrospective study, the prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D to K, C. pneumoniae, and C. psittaci in cases attending a genitourinary clinic was examined. Blood samples were collected from 7,002 cases attending the clinic in Doncaster, England between May 1983 and May 1990. Sera from these...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007435-199303000-00001
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Evaluating chlamydia prevalence trends from sentinel surveillance is important for understanding population disease burden over time. However, prevalence trend estimates from surveillance data may be misleading if they do not account for changes in risk profiles of individuals who are screened (case mix) and...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000798
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the attitudes of male and female patients to the use of chaperones during genital examination within a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. STUDY DESIGN:An anonymous, self-completed questionnaire was administered to patients attending the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Australia, between Sept...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3180ca8f3a
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In October 2009, a quadrivalent vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV) was licensed in the United States for males aged 9 to 26 years. The attitudes and beliefs of parents play a critical role in uptake of this vaccine because parental consent is typically required for adolescent HPV vaccination. This study ...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318211c248
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Risk factors for bacterial vaginosis (BV) include douching and sexual activity, although the exact cause of BV is unknown. GOAL:The goal of this study was to determine the relative significance of douching as a risk factor for BV. STUDY DESIGN:Two hundred fifty adolescent women who regularly douched were en...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/01.olq.0000129948.91055.9f
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:High rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) present an ongoing costly public health challenge. One approach to reduce STD transmission is to increase the number of clinicians adopting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's STD Treatment Guidelines. This evaluation assesses the effectiveness ...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3182045306
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to exert a tremendous health burden on women in developing countries. Poor socioeconomic status, inadequate knowledge, lack of diagnostic facilities, and shortages of effective treatment all contribute to the high incidence of STIs. The use of clinical algorith...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007435-199909000-00010
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine whether women who collect self-collected vaginal swabs at home demonstrated a higher positivity of Chlamydia trachomatis than women in family planning clinics. METHODS:Collection kits for vaginal swabs were internet requested, collected at home, and mailed to a laboratory for testing; questionn...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3182039d7f
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a simulation study to illustrate that P values can suggest but not confirm statistical significance; and they may not indicate epidemiological significance (importance). We recommend that researchers consider reporting effect sizes as P values in conjunction with confidence intervals or point estimates wi...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000635
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A temperature-sensitive mutant of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain tsA-1 was used in a transformation test for the laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhea. This transformation test (C test) is based on a spotting of a DNA lysate, obtained through simple base-acid extraction of a cervical-swab specimen, onto a lawn of tsA-1, whi...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007435-198010000-00008
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a case of acute urethritis caused by Neisseria meningitidis group B in a heterosexual man. The symptoms started five days after intercourse that included fellatio with a casual female partner. No other urethral pathogens could be isolated. After intramuscular administration of penicillin G, clinical signs ...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007435-198807000-00007
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lifetime cost estimates are a useful tool in measuring the economic burden of HIV in the United States. Previous estimation methods need to be updated, given improving antiretroviral therapy regimens and updated costs. METHODS:We used an updated version of the agent-based model Progression and Transmission ...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001366
更新日期:2021-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::Culture of urethral specimens from a 21-year-old man with nongonococcal urethritis yielded both Chlamydia trachomatis and a minocycline-resistant strain of Ureaplasma urealyticum. In such situations, the causal agent of the urethritis is frequently considered to be C. trachomatis. However, the etiology of this case wa...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Condom use is one of the most important preventive measures sex workers can take to reduce the risk of becoming infected with a sexually transmitted disease. However, a client may refuse to use a condom when requested. Some sexually transmitted disease prevention programs are recommending that...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00007435-199605000-00008
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In resource-poor settings, control of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) among female sex workers (FSWs) is difficult. We sought to determine whether periodical antibiotic treatment (PAT) might be effective in controlling these infections among West African FSWs. Secondary objectives w...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318244aaa0
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:: To estimate the effects of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) on HIV acquisition among Zimbabwean and Ugandan women. METHODS:: A multicenter prospective observational cohort study enrolled 4439 HIV-uninfected women aged 18 to 35 attending family planning clinics in Zimbabwe and Uganda. Participants were ...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181a4f695
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The care of patients with first episode and recurrent genital herpes differs with respect to therapy and source partner evaluation. Of 498 persons who presented with what appeared by history and symptoms to be a first episode of genital herpes, we identified 41 who had serologic evidence of re...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007435-199904000-00007
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erythromycin is recommended as the alternative to tetracyclines for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infections. However, the usual dose of erythromycin (2 g daily for a week) is frequently associated with gastrointestinal side effects. The goal of this study was to determine whether 1 g of erythromycin daily fo...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our recommended treatment schedule for secondary syphilis is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G, 2.4 million units weekly for two consecutive weeks. If the patient is allergic to penicillin, we recommend that 2 gm of oral tetracycline be given each day for 12 days. Two hundred and four patients with secondary syphi...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007435-197707000-00005
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risk of tubal pregnancy associated with seropositivity to Chlamydia trachomatis or following a diagnosis of gonorrhea, genital herpes, trichomoniasis, genital warts, or nonspecific vaginal infection was evaluated in a study of this condition among women who were members of a prepaid health plan. A total of 264 wom...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007435-199007000-00001
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Infectious syphilis has increased substantially over the past decade. Targeting limited public health resources toward subpopulations with multiple reinfections may have a large impact in reducing onward transmission within a community. METHODS:A chart review was conducted for individuals with 4 or more inf...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000995
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Public health authorities want to evaluate their sexually transmitted disease (STD) surveillance systems to promote the most effective use of health resources. GOAL:The goal of this study was to estimate the sensitivity of national laboratory reports of in Switzerland (the proportion of cases detected by na...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007435-200211000-00016
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00