Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The objective of this review has been to analyse and compare the causes, incidence, severity and treatment of gastrointestinal complications in critically ill children and adults. RECENT FINDINGS:The incidence of gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients published in the literature is very variable owing to the absence of unified diagnostic criteria both in children and adults. The incidence of gastrointestinal complications related to nutrition appears to be lower in children than in adults, and there are no differences in the incidence of gastrointestinal complications between gastric and transpyloric nutrition except with respect to the volume of gastric residues. The most important risk factors for digestive tract complications are shock and the administration of drugs (catecholamines, sedatives and muscle relaxants). Altered gastrointestinal motility is the principal mechanism underlying an excessive gastric residue, abdominal distension and constipation. SUMMARY:Gastrointestinal complications limit the efficacy of enteral nutrition in the critically ill patient and can affect morbidity and mortality. Consensus must be reached on the definition of the criteria of excessive gastric residues, constipation and diarrhoea, and studies must be performed that evaluate the efficacy of prokinetic agents on altered gastrointestinal motility and the effects of diet and laxatives on constipation in the critically ill adult and child.
journal_name
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Carejournal_title
Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic careauthors
López-Herce Jdoi
10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283218285subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-03-01 00:00:00pages
180-5issue
2eissn
1363-1950issn
1473-6519pii
00075197-200903000-00014journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The intake of water and electrolytes is inseparable from the ingestion of nutrients by normal or artificial means. Recent reports have agreed in criticizing the poor standards of practice and of training in the management of fluid and electrolyte balance, resulting in a large amount of avoidable morbi...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-200401000-00006
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To understand the impact of microRNA on myogenesis and muscle wasting in order to provide valuable information for clinical investigation. RECENT FINDINGS:Muscle wasting increases the risk of morbidity/mortality in primary muscle diseases, secondary muscle disorders and elderly population. Muscle mas...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32835f81b9
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this article is to emphasize the importance of malnutrition in frail institutionalized elderly and discuss recent interventions that have been shown to decrease its prevalence. RECENT FINDINGS:A Medline search was conducted from 1968 to 2007 under the search terms aging, nutrition, and nur...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3282f323e0
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There are concerns about the rising incidence of obesity in children and their acceptance of healthy foods. Many factors affect children's food acceptance, the most salient are those enabling early exposure to culturally appropriate foods in the weaning or pre-weaning period. Parents, however, have al...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3282f9e228
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To evaluate whether the diet of lactating women modulates the development of allergic disease in their children. RECENT FINDINGS:Although maternal avoidance of common food protein allergens was previously recommended for lactating women with infants predisposed to allergic disease, recent expert revi...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000222113.46042.50
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Until relatively recently, the only significant source of lactoferrin in the diet was human lactoferrin, provided in breast milk. Today, however, bovine lactoferrin, isolated by dairy technology, as well as recombinant human lactoferrin are commercially available and can be added to foods and clinical...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e328328d13e
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The data indicating that alcohol is an important factor increasing the risk to develop gastrointestinal cancer are consolidating. The purpose of this review is to summarize current evidence. RECENT FINDINGS:Acetaldehyde is the first metabolite of ethanol metabolism and has direct carcinogenic and mut...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283566699
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The function and use of vitamin D supplementation has become very controversial. This review attempts to provide a balanced perspective with respect to the experimental findings published in the past 18 months. RECENT FINDINGS:The recent contrasts between the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report and th...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32834be798
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Vitamin K is an enzyme cofactor for the carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins. Functions include coagulation and regulation of calcification. Different clinical conditions may alter vitamin K requirements by affecting vitamin K status and vitamin K-dependent proteins carboxylation that are rev...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000112
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Adipogenesis has been extensively studied in the context of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. However, little information exists on the role of amino acid metabolism during adipocyte differentiation. Here, we review how branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism is modified during adipogenesis and, ...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000429
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of the present review is to evaluate the most recent evidence for a role of antioxidant nutrients in the prevention or delay in progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a major cause of visual impairment and blindness in the aging population. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent human stu...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833308ff
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Investigations into the regulation of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) are a cornerstone of understanding the control of muscle mass. Rates of MPS are finely tuned according to levels of activity, nutrient availability and health status. For instance, rates of MPS are positively regulated by exercise an...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32834d19bc
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The pathogenesis of coronary heart disease is of multifactorial origin. Probably, not all risk factors are satisfactorily understood. This article outlines beneficial vitamin D effects on cardiac function and the vasculature. In addition, human data associating serum vitamin D metabolite levels or ora...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e328312c33f
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::New results on the physiological properties of conjugated linoleic acid have been published by several working groups, especially showing the effects of single conjugated linoleic acid isomers on carcinogenesis and body composition. Recently, other studies have shown that conjugated linoleic acid has an influence on d...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-199911000-00012
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Skeletal muscle is gaining increased attention as an endocrine organ. Recently, novel myokines and new effects of already established myokines have been identified. The objective of this review is to give an update on the recent advances in the field. RECENT FINDINGS:Several hundred putative myokines...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000283
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arginine is a non-essential amino acid in mammals as judged from nitrogen balance study. Citrulline is synthesized from glutamate in the small intestine, whilst kidneys and some other tissues convert citrulline to arginine. Ornithine transcarbamylase and carbamylphosphate synthetase are expressed in liver and small in...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-199807000-00004
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Folic acid is now considered an important functional food component: it lowers potentially toxic homocysteine, prevents birth defects and modulates the risk of several cancers. The complexity of interactions involved, however, means we still have much to learn about the role of folate and homocysteine...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000247468.18790.1e
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Lipid sources for enteral nutrition continue to be an exciting area of investigation. It is timely to review recent developments which have largely contributed to thrust enteral feeding into a new era. RECENT FINDINGS:Although much more research needs to be done, there is a better understanding of th...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-200403000-00003
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-nutrient interactions have been recognized for decades. It is known that improper management of some of these interactions may lead to therapeutic failure or cause serious adverse effects to the patients. While most of the known drug-nutrient interactions involve changes in oral bioavailabilities and absorption o...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-200205000-00014
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intracellular signalling pathways controlling muscle protein synthesis and proteolysis are potential targets for anabolic/anti-catabolic therapy. In this review, we consider both the potentiation of the effect of anabolic hormones and suppression of the catabolic action of cytokines. Potential candidates, in parti...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-199905000-00004
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Recent advances in the development of new therapeutic strategies combining conventional adjuvant radio/chemotherapy with nutritional manipulations with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are presented. RECENT FINDINGS:Studies in cell culture and tumour-bearing animals have reported the ability o...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3281e2c9d4
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The liver plays a central role in the control of glucose production. It is also involved in the regulation of insulin secretion and sensitivity through neural pathways. This review will address recent developments in the mechanisms by which hepatic metabolism affects glucose homeostasis in health and disease. Oral glu...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-200107000-00005
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Fructose malabsorption is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. This review examines new findings on the physiology, assessment and therapy of fructose malabsorption in functional gastrointestinal disorders. RECENT FINDINGS:Additional GLUT transport mechanisms that regulate fructose absorption m...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e328361c556
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There is a need to develop a screening tool to assist clinical staff in deciding whether or not a patient in the ICU should be given nutrition support. The purpose of this review is to analyze the recent randomized trials in this context. RECENT FINDINGS:Five trials describe the effect of early suppl...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000041
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Essentially, there have not been any outstanding recent developments in nutritional assessment techniques. However, it would appear that the acceptance that there is no absolute gold standard for nutritional assessment has led to the development of disease specific and clinically relevant subjective global type-assess...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-199805000-00007
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. MetS prevalence has been associated with diet inadequacy. Conversely, the cumulative incidence of MetS has been inversely associated with a Mediterranean-style diet that includ...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000412
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this study is to highlight recent research findings that advance our understanding of the relation between iron status and neural functioning. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent findings have helped to answer questions pertaining to the interrelationship of iron and neural functioning in three pri...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283653ef8
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To provide an objective and comprehensive review of the recent literature addressing the effects of sex on protein metabolism. We also evaluate whether these differences can be attributed to physiology or methodology. Because of the developmental changes in hormonal milieu and body composition that oc...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283412343
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Poor vitamin K nutrition has recently been linked to several chronic diseases associated with abnormal calcification, which affect many elderly. To understand the impact of vitamin K nutrition on healthy aging it is necessary to assess both the determinants and the adequacy of vitamin K nutritional st...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e328011ab5f
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize the literature concerning the relationship between meal patterns and childhood obesity. Literature searches of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were performed in October 2009 for studies published in the last 18-24 months. RECENT FINDINGS:Available data indicate that not only meal compos...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833681a2
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00