Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:The sterility assurance level of 10(-6) is an established standard that defines the quality of sterile products. The aim of the present study was to develop a method that correlated the results from microbial-barrier testing of flexible sterile barrier systems with the estimated microbial challenge that the package encounters during storage and transport. METHODS:The effectiveness of microbial-barrier packaging was determined by the use of an exposure chamber test with 20 periodic atmospheric pressure changes of 50 and 70 hPa. Flexible peel pouches were used as sterile barrier systems. The logarithmic reduction value of a sterile barrier system was calculated on the basis of the experimental results and compared with the logarithmic reduction value required for the microbial challenges to maintain sterility during transport and storage. RESULTS:For pouches made of paper and plastic-film material, a logarithmic reduction value of 5.4 was obtained on the basis of 30 of 99 plates becoming nonsterile after being exposed to a 50 hPa difference in periodic atmospheric pressure changes. For pouches made of paper and plastic-film material, a logarithmic reduction value of 5.2 was obtained on the basis of 48 of 100 plates becoming nonsterile after being exposed to a 70 hPa difference in atmospheric pressure. For pouches made of nonwoven and plastic-film material, logarithmic reduction values of 6.38 (ie, 3 of 99 plates became nonsterile after being exposed to a 50 hPa pressure difference) and 6.07 (ie, 3 of the 99 plates became nonsterile after being exposed to a 70 hPa pressure difference) were obtained. Calculating an expected microbial challenge during transport and storage that requires barrier properties corresponding to a logarithmic reduction value of 5.83 and taking the sterility assurance level into account, we found that only the nonwoven pouches fulfilled the European standard EN 556-1. CONCLUSIONS:Using the data obtained in a microbial exposure test with a specified flow rate of a bacterial aerosol, we found that the effectiveness of the sterile barrier system against the actual microbial challenge can be examined and evaluated at the sterility assurance level of 10(-6).
journal_name
Infect Control Hosp Epidemioljournal_title
Infection control and hospital epidemiologyauthors
Dunkelberg H,Schmelz Udoi
10.1086/593208subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-02-01 00:00:00pages
179-83issue
2eissn
0899-823Xissn
1559-6834journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Group A streptococcus is an uncommon but important cause of nosocomial infections. Outbreaks of infection most often have occurred in surgical or obstetrical patients. We describe an outbreak of severe group A streptococcal infections that occurred on a medical unit of a community hospital. Within an 8-day period, thr...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/647335
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the predictors of 7-day mortality in older adult patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia after controlling for comorbidity using the Charlson weighted index of comorbidity (WIC) and to identify the risk factors associated with bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). DES...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/507924
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the possibility that contaminated commercial activated charcoal may serve as a source for fungal colonization or infection of the lower respiratory tract. DESIGN:The clinical course of a patient who aspirated commercial activated charcoal was reviewed. Fungal cultures were performed for 2 samp...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/646281
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We reviewed the published data on the possible impact of medical injections and blood transfusions on the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Africa. We also compared these results to our experience in Rwanda, central Africa. The importance of medical injections in the epidemic of HIV infection seems to di...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/645833
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the identification, management, and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) during the peak period of activity of the 2009 pandemic strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (2009 H1N1). DESIGN:Retrospective review of electronic medical records. PATIENT...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1086/661912
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Investigation of a program to eradicate amebiasis using consecutive intensive mass screenings followed by medication in a large institute for adults with mental retardation in Taiwan. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study, with 3 years of follow-up. SETTING:A large, 450-bed institution for adults with mental reta...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/518351
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 19-item survey instrument was designed and mailed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America to its membership to determine the media preferred by infectious diseases physicians for continuing medical education on general topics and on antimicrobial resistance. The objective of the survey was to offer the develop...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/505922
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An organic load of 5%-10% fetal calf serum significantly reduced hypochlorite and UV radiation killing of Clostridium difficile spores, but organic material collected from hospital surfaces did not affect hypochlorite and only modestly affected UV killing of spores. Hypochlorite reduced aerobic microorganisms on uncle...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/673148
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present basic information that a hospital epidemiologist needs when designing a surveillance system for noninfectious adverse outcomes of care. Specific topics reflect key characteristics of such a surveillance system: the purpose, rationale, priorities, definitions, data collection tools, data collection, analysis...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/647142
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the relationship between serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total serum cholesterol, and nosocomial infection in patients undergoing general surgery. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study, with an extended follow-up to 1 month after hospital discharge. SETTING:The general surgery service...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/647494
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined contamination of healthcare worker (HCW) gown and gloves after caring for patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing and non-KPC-producing Klebsiella as a proxy for horizontal transmission. The rate of contamination with Klebsiella species is similar to that of contamination with met...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/675598
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) increase the likelihood of readmission. DESIGN:Retrospective matched cohort study for the years 2008-2009. SETTING:Acute care hospitals. PARTICIPANTS:Medicare recipients. CLABSI and readmission status were determined by linking N...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/ice.2015.115
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::OBJECTIVE To evaluate antimicrobial utilization and prescription practices in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) after implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP). DESIGN Quasi-experimental, interrupted time-series study. SETTING A 54-bed, level IV NICU in a regional academic and tertiary referral ...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/ice.2017.151
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the efficacy of 2 types of antimicrobial privacy curtains in clinical settings and the costs involved in replacing standard curtains with antimicrobial curtains. DESIGN:A prospective, open-labeled, multicenter study with a follow-up duration of 6 months. SETTING:This study included 12 rooms of ...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/ice.2018.315
更新日期:2018-12-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the influence of catheter site and type (single- vs triple-lumen) on infection rates associated with central venous catheterization. DESIGN:Prospective observational study of all nontunneled central venous catheters over a 28-month period. Data collected included patient characteristics, inserti...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/647742
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The role of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) in bacteremias continues to be controversial. Until the 1970s, CNS were mostly recognized as contaminants, being part of the cutaneous flora. Since then, several studies have reported increasing incidence and severity of infections due to CNS. PURPOSE:To re...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1086/647878
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The annual cost of a screening program to detect methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a teaching hospital in Spain was 10,261 Euro. The average cost per MRSA infection was 2,730 Euro; therefore, the cost of the program would be covered if it only prevented 4 infections per year (11% of the total numbe...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/507968
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To screen copper and noncopper paints for their bactericidal effectiveness in rendering surfaces self-disinfecting. DESIGN:Tested paints were applied to glass coverslips, cured, inoculated with test organisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis), and dr...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/648361
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of a positive deviance strategy for the improvement of hand hygiene compliance in 2 adult step-down units. DESIGN:A 9-month, controlled trial comparing the effect of positive deviance on compliance with hand hygiene. SETTING:Two 20-bed step-down units at a tertiary care private...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/649224
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The present study investigated regional variations in antibiotic use for the treatment of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in France by means of a multilevel analysis, to identify targets for quality improvement. METHODS:Data were obtained from the 2001 and 2006 French national point-prevalence surveys of...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/657909
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To devise a system for surveying the frequency of nosocomial infections in a tertiary care hospital in a developing country. DESIGN:Prospective selective surveillance by nurses of the charts of patients at high risk for nosocomial infections, as identified by a form completed by resident physicians. The sens...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/646715
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::BACKGROUND Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) are emerging worldwide. Contact precautions are recommended for known ESBL-E carriers to control the spread of ESBL-E within hospitals. OBJECTIVE This study quantified the acquisition of ESBL-E rectal carriage among patients in Dutch hospit...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/ice.2017.241
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To explore how hand hygiene observer scheduling influences the number of events and unique individuals observed. DESIGN:We deployed a mobile sensor network to capture detailed movement data for 6 categories of healthcare workers over a 2-week period. SETTING: University of Iowa Hospital and Clinic medical ...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/666346
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate an outbreak of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections in a neonatal clinic. DESIGN:Prospective chart review, environmental sampling, and genotyping by two independent methods: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase cha...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/501729
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::OBJECTIVE To evaluate interventions to reduce avoidable antibiotic use on pediatric oncology and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) services. DESIGN Interrupted time series. SETTING Academic pediatric hospital with separate oncology and HSCT services. PARTICIPANTS Children admitted to the services during b...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/ice.2017.118
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate an outbreak in neonates of Enterobacter cloacae infection resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. DESIGN:A retrospective study of an outbreak in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and review of E cloacae isolates in pediatric wards and other intensive care units from June 1992 throu...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/646998
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Errors occur frequently in healthcare and can adversely affect outcomes. This prospective study demonstrates that pediatric consultants can detect a broad range of errors in the course of routine work. Many of these errors have the potential to cause harm and can be corrected by the intervention of an infectious disea...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/502561
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine hospital-related risk factors for surgical-site infection (SSI) following hip arthroplasty. DESIGN:Prospective, multicenter cohort study based on surveillance data and data collected through a structured telephone interview. With the use of multilevel logistic regression, the independent effect ...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1086/502564
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breathing circuit filters (BCFs) are used in respiratory and critical-care settings for humidification of air and to limit transmission of respiratory pathogens. Three types of BCFs (Pall BB 25A, BB 100, and HME 15-22) were evaluated (in triplicate) for removal of Mycobacterium species. Filters were challenged with ae...
journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1086/647606
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/ice.2019.306
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00