Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Dysregulated coagulation is now recognized as a major contributor to graft loss in xenotransplantation. This review summarizes recent data on putative mechanisms of pathogenic coagulation in xenotransplantation and discusses progress on strategies to overcome them. RECENT FINDINGS:Evidence continues to grow that the primary cause of failure of pig cardiac and renal xenografts is probably antibody-mediated injury to the endothelium, leading to development of microvascular thrombosis. Several factors that may exacerbate the problem will remain, even in the absence of a humoral response. These include molecular incompatibilities that affect the control of coagulation - in particular the failure of pig thrombomodulin to activate the primate protein C pathway - and platelet reactivity. Expression of anticoagulant and antiplatelet molecules within the graft is a potential solution that has been successfully tested in rodent models and will soon be applied to the pig-to-primate model. This strategy, in parallel with physical methods such as encasing islets in a protective layer, also holds promise for reducing the thrombogenicity of pig islet xenografts. SUMMARY:Thrombosis is a barrier to long-term survival and function of porcine xenografts, which may eventually be overcome by various combinations of genetic and physical manipulation.
journal_name
Curr Opin Organ Transplantjournal_title
Current opinion in organ transplantationauthors
Cowan PJ,d'Apice AJdoi
10.1097/MOT.0b013e3282f63c74subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-04-01 00:00:00pages
178-83issue
2eissn
1087-2418issn
1531-7013pii
00075200-200804000-00011journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:New immunosuppressive agents have decreased the incidence of acute rejection rates without improvement in long-term outcomes. Drug toxicity due to a narrow therapeutic index and individual variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics significantly contributes to the inferior outcomes. This revi...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e3283193bc5
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Cellular human antipig immune responses are increasingly recognized as an important barrier to successful clinical xenotransplantation. This review addresses the role of monocytes/macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and T cells in xenograft rejection. We focus on the receptor-ligand interactions t...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e328336b8e5
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Blood loss in orthotopic liver transplantation has declined during the past decade. Recent papers addressed this issue and emphasized its importance, because there is a significant correlation between intraoperative blood transfusion requirements and postoperative morbidity. This review addresses chan...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e32814e6bb0
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:B cells are known to play a central role in humoral immunity and to boost cellular immunity, however, in a variety of experimental models, B-cell subsets ameliorate inflammation and autoimmune disease, indicating that they can also play a regulatory role. Here, we highlight the advances in regulatory ...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0000000000000204
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review summarizes recent advances in the role of endogenous and exogenous Toll-like receptor ligands in the activation and inhibition of immune responses in transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS:During an alloresponse, Toll-like receptors can be engaged by both damage-induced endogenous ligands or mi...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e3283061149
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is one of the more dramatic and challenging syndromes in clinical medicine. Time constraints and the scarcity of organs complicate the evaluation process in the case of patients presenting with FHF, raising ethical questions related to fairness and justice. The challeng...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0000000000000060
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Pulmonary hypertension patients provide challenging issues to anesthesiology. The condition is more so when it is associated with liver transplant surgery. This situation is especially true when associated with portopulmonary hypertension (POPH), a subdivision of pulmonary hypertension. Understanding ...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e328346e138
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:With rapidly growing deceased donor kidney transplant waiting lists, solutions to the shortage of kidney donors need to come from many corners. This review focuses on the current results and upcoming medications that will allow broad expansion of ABO-incompatible transplantation as one facet to combat...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e32833bfbba
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Inducible pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from somatic cells represent a novel renewable source of tissue precursors. The potential of iPS cells is considered to be at least equivalent to that of human embryonic stem cells, facilitating the treatment or cure of diseases such as diabetes mellitus,...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e3283337196
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The number of patients listed for lung transplantation largely exceeds the number of available transplantable organs because of both a shortage of organ donors and a low utilization rate of lungs from those donors. Two major innovations in recent years include the use of lungs from donations after car...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e328365191b
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:With improving survival rates following solid organ transplantation, assessment of its success has broadened with a focus on long-term outcomes, including nongraft-related medical outcomes and family and patient perceptions of quality of life. Posttransplant renal dysfunction contributes to long-term ...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e32833da439
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review emphasizes new information concerning the role of anaphylatoxins in the regulation of the immune response to allografts. Its timeliness relates the growing concept of the innate immune response as a regulator of the adaptive immune system and to how this concept lends itself to therapeutic...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e32831ec551
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Discuss the recent progress on the clinical use of mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (MSC) in solid organ transplantation (SOT). RECENT FINDINGS:Tissue repair and immunomodulatory properties have been recognized for MSC obtained from different human tissues. MSC-based therapy has been proposed to redu...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0000000000000029
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Accurate measurement of human leukocyte antigen antibodies is critical for making clinical decisions treating patients awaiting transplantation or monitoring them post transplantation. Single antigen bead assay results are given as Mean Fluorescence Intensity, falling short of providing the required q...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MOT.0000000000000822
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To provide an overview of currently available immunosuppressive strategies and novel therapeutic developments in pancreas transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS:From 1966 through 2012 more than 30 000 pancreas transplantations have been performed around the world with excellent patient and graft survival. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e32835c6eda
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Immune monitoring is needed in small bowel transplantation (SBTx) because of a high incidence of rejection and graft loss, and life-threatening complications of high-dose prophylactic immunosuppression. RECENT FINDINGS:Clinical tests relevant to SBTx include methods to detect antidonor human leukocyt...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e328339489c
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The bidirectional exchange of cells, both mature and progenitor types, at the maternal-fetal interface is a common feature of mammalian reproduction. The presence of semiallogeneic cells in a host can have significant immunological effects on transplantation tolerance and rejection. Here, we review re...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e3283484b57
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The trend to extubate patients as soon as possible following large and complex surgery is supported by a large body of evidence showing early extubation is safe and saves money. However, the use of early extubation in liver transplant recipients is still debated. This review will explore the reasons w...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e32832b2f6c
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The use of nonheart-beating donors (NHBD), as a source for liver grafts, is the only way to objectively increase the activity in liver transplantation. Through the use of more strict criteria, 1-year graft survival has increased from 50% in initial series to 84-100%. With respect to type II NHBD (fail...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e3283373488
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize recent practices and views regarding children as living organ donors in the USA. RECENT FINDINGS:Living donors have become an increasingly important source of organs for transplantation. Concern for the rights of donors has resulted in reconsideration of the use of minors as living organ...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e328337352a
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review the experience to date and unique challenges associated with liver transplantation in hepatitis C virus (HCV)/HIV-coinfected patients. RECENT FINDINGS:The prevalence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is rising among HIV-infected individuals. With careful patient selection and in the...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0000000000000199
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is still one of the major causes of death following heart transplantation. Here, we review the recent advances in its prevention and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS:Preventive measures comprise control of classical risk factors, prophylaxis against cytomegalovirus, avo...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e3283577fd9
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Ischaemic kidney injury occurs during organ procurement and can lead to delayed graft function or nonviable grafts. The innate immune system is a key trigger of inflammation in renal ischaemia. This review discusses the components of innate immunity known to be involved in renal ischaemic reperfusion ...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e32835e2b0d
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize recent evidence in literature regarding incidence and risk factors for biliary complications in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), and current concepts in evaluation of donor biliary anatomy and surgical techniques of biliary reconstruction, to reduce the incidence of biliary comp...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0000000000000693
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although living donor transplantation is considered an ethically acceptable undertaking for the purpose of saving another's life, its safety remains under investigation. RECENT FINDINGS:Although living donors undertake considerable medical risks for no direct medical benefit, the question remains whe...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e32835f3f2c
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Clinical trials testing novel kidney transplant therapies are challenged by low rates of long-term clinical outcomes such as death and graft loss. Herein, we critically review traditional and more recent strategies to expedite new therapies by minimizing sample size and follow-up duration using surrog...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0000000000000719
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Transplantation of islets of Langerhans is an emerging treatment procedure for patients with severe type 1 diabetes, but despite recent progress the procedure is associated with massive tissue loss caused by an inflammatory reaction termed instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR). This rea...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e32834c2393
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In June 2011 the US Food and Drug Administration approved belatacept (Nulojix; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA) for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in adult kidney transplant recipients. This review will discuss the use of belatacept for the prevention of acute rejection as part of...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e32835a4c0d
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Vascular injury is a complex process that is central to the rejection of solid-organ xenografts in the preclinical pig-to-primate model of xenotransplantation. This review summarizes recent work that provides insights into the mechanisms of vascular injury in GalT KO pig xenografts. RECENT FINDINGS:S...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/mot.0b013e3283279591
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although the scarcity of clinical trials with de-novo immunosuppression has been typical over the last 2 years, several attempts have been made in drug conversion, dosing optimization, and bioequivalence. On the basis of recent clinical and animal studies, future directions of management and treatment...
journal_title:Current opinion in organ transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOT.0000000000000093
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00