Abstract:
:CCR5 has preferentially been used by all circulating HIV-1 subtype C viruses for cell entry. Recently, we reported the highest proportion of CXCR4-utilizing primary isolates among a cohort of 20 South African AIDS patients. This study describes and compares the Env genotypic characteristics from these 20 HIV-1 subtype C (and unique CD recombinant) primary isolates. Fourteen primary isolates utilized CCR5, four (including the CD recombinant) used CXCR4, and two were dual tropic. Extensive analysis and comparison of important structural motifs such as the N-linked glycosylation sites, signal sequences, CD4-binding sites, variable loops, cleavage sites, known neutralizing antibody and small molecule inhibitor binding sites confirmed that other than the expected differences in the V3 loop, no sequence motifs distinguished between R5 and X4 tropism. Further correlation of the env genotype to functionally relevant motifs is necessary to elucidate the relationship between biologically and immunologically relevant sites and aid vaccine and novel drug design.
journal_name
AIDS Res Hum Retrovirusesjournal_title
AIDS research and human retrovirusesauthors
Michler K,Connell BJ,Venter WD,Stevens WS,Capovilla A,Papathanasopoulos MAdoi
10.1089/aid.2007.0304subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-05-01 00:00:00pages
743-51issue
5eissn
0889-2229issn
1931-8405journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Assays to determine HIV incidence from cross-sectional surveys have exhibited a high rate of false-recent misclassification in Kenya and Uganda where HIV subtypes A and D predominate. Samples from individuals infected with HIV for at least 2 years with known infecting subtype (133 subtype A, 373 subtype D) were tested...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2012.0105
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Up to now, all known env subtype E viruses (CRF01-AE) have had the same mosaic structure with subtype A, and no other env subtype E HIV-1 viruses with non-A subtypes in their genomes have been described. In this report we describe the full-length genome sequence of an env subtype E isolate with a recombinant genome di...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922200750054800
更新日期:2000-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::The use of ritonavir as a protease inhibitor boost is rare in sub-Saharan Africa because a heat-stable formula is not available. We report the results of an open-label pilot trial with unboosted atazanavir in combination with lamivudine and didanosine as first-line therapy conducted in Senegal. Treatment-naive HIV-1 i...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2009.0123
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates differ in their use of coreceptors to enter target cells. This has important implications for both viral pathogenicity and susceptibility to entry inhibitors, recently approved or under development. Predicting HIV-1 coreceptor usage on the basis of sequence informat...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2008.0039
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The U.S. military represents a unique population within the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) pandemic. The last comprehensive study of HIV-1 in members of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps (Sea Services) was completed in 2000, before large-scale combat operations were taking place. Here, we present molecular charac...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2013.0087
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1 infection is characterized by genetic diversity, with multiple subtypes and recombinant variants circulating, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. During the Rwandan genocide, many women experienced multiple rapes and some became HIV-1 infected. We studied plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) fro...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2012.0095
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, HIV strains circulating among military personnel were characterized, in Malabo, the capital city of Equatorial Guinea. One sample was found to be HIV-2 group A while a high degree of genetic diversity was recorded in the pol region of 41 HIV-1-positive samples. CRF02_AG accounted for 53.7% of the strain...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2010.0046
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::HTLV-II-specific antibodies, with patterns similar to those in the Americas, were present in sera collected about 1970 from Bambuti pygmies in Zaire (14/102; 14%) and from pygmies in Cameroon (5/214; 2.3%), and were more prevalent than HTLV-I. In the Central African Republic, 504 pygmies were HTLV negative. After find...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1993.9.709
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of three doses of tipranavir/ritonavir (TPV/r) in highly treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients with protease inhibitor (PI)-resistant isolates were evaluated. A 24-week multicenter, double-blind, randomized, dose-finding trial was conduc...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/aid.2006.0178
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibitory factors to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in saliva may be responsible for the infrequent isolation of virus from saliva and also may account for the marked infrequency of salivary and/or oral transmission of HIV-1. Incubation of HIV-1 with human saliva followed by addition of the mixture to su...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1990.6.1425
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene encoding the major envelope glycoprotein of the HIV-SF2 isolate was engineered for the secretion of recombinant gp120 (rgp120SF2) from permanent Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. Cellular production methods were scaled up and a method for purification of the secreted glycoprotein was devised. Mild purif...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1993.9.1233
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigate mutations and correlates according to HIV-1 subtype after virological failure (VF) of standard first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) (non-nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI] +2 nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor [N(t)RTI]). SECOND-LINE study participants we...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2015.0331
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The HIV-1 reverse transcriptase genes from 37 HIV-1-positive pregnant women attending an antenatal clinical in Soweto, South Africa were sequenced and analyzed for the presence of drug resistance mutations. All women were antiretroviral drug naive, but were being screened as potential participants in clinical trials o...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922202753747950
更新日期:2002-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Even in the setting of maximally suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV persists indefinitely. Several mechanisms might contribute to this persistence, including chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction. In this study, we have explored a preclinical model for the evaluation of potential interventions that mi...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2012.0162
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies suggest that natural killer T (NKT) cells play a role in early antiviral pathogenesis and are rapidly depleted in chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade B infection. We aimed to characterize the phenotypic and functional characteristics of NKT cells in HIV-1 clade C-infected Africans ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2010.0237
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zidovudine (ZDV) is converted to its active triphosphate (ZDVTP) by intracellular kinases. The intermediate ZDV monophosphate (ZDVMP) is believed to play a major role in ZDV toxicity. Manipulation of ZDV phosphorylation is a possible therapeutic strategy for altering the risk-benefit ratio. Here we investigate whether...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1998.14.1661
更新日期:1998-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to a progressive immunodeficiency characterized by decreasing levels of CD4+ T lymphocytes. VaxSyn, a vaccine based on the recombinant envelope glycoprotein subunit (rgp160) of HIV-1IIIB, was used to immunize HIV-infected patients to determine whether its adm...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/aid.1998.14.483
更新日期:1998-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific antibodies was examined in plasma and cervicovaginal (mucosal) samples of 24 HIV-exposed uninfected (EU) female sexual partners of HIV-infected men, and compared with findings in 18 HIV-infected and 15 low-risk HIV-uninfected women. Only HIV-infected women ha...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/08892220152741388
更新日期:2001-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Downregulation of MHC class I expression following human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is thought to play an important role in viral escape from immune recognition by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). Since exogenous addition of HIV-1-derived peptides restores susceptibility of HIV-1-infected cells to CTL-m...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922202320886361
更新日期:2002-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1 subtype B isolates have previously been described in India only in the state of Andhra Pradesh, while subtype C isolates have been reported as widespread in the Bombay and Goa regions of India. Gag subtype was determined in HIV-1 isolates from six Indians and one Ethiopian. One Indian was a native of Goa resid...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1996.12.641
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2015.0377
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although Cameroon, in west central Africa, has a relatively low HIV prevalence of 5-6%, all HIV-1 groups (M, N, O, and P), nearly all HIV-1 group M subtypes, and numerous intersubtype recombinant forms have been identified in Cameroon. In this report, we describe the near full-length sequence of 04CMU11421, an HIV-1 g...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2009.0305
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzylated peptides with a primary amino acid sequence corresponding to either human CD4(81-92) (#18), or chimpanzee CD4(81-92) (#18C), were equipotent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of CD4+ cells and high-affinity binding of 125I-gp120 to CD4+ cells. The chimpanzee-based CD4(81-92...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1991.7.521
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sequence of four amino acid residues amino-terminal to the only intramolecular disulphide bond of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmembrane protein gp41 is recognized by an anti-idiotypic antibody (9G5A) raised against another monoclonal antibody (M38), which recognizes the C5 region of gp120. 9G...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1993.9.33
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study reports on the drug resistance profiles for HIV-infected pediatrics in Jamaica who have been exposed to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The genetic diversity of HIV-1 found in these patients was also determined using phylogenetic analysis. The protease-reverse transcriptase (Pro-RT) region of the genome was a...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2015.0122
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the relationship between biological phenotypes, coreceptor usages, and sequence patterns of V1V2 or V3 regions on HIV-1 envelope gp 120 was carefully analyzed based on the existing isolates in the Los Alamos National Laboratory sequence database. Obviously, SI/NSI phenotypes were closely linked to the c...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2005.21.234
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histone deacetylases (HDACs) act on histones within the nucleosome-bound promoter of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to maintain proviral latency. HDAC inhibition leads to promoter expression and the escape of HIV from latency. We evaluated the ability of the potent inhibitor recently licensed for use in o...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2008.0191
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regression of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection was observed in seven of nine vertically infected kittens born to two chronically infected mother cats. Both provirus and nonmaternal FIV antibody were detected in all kittens by 4 weeks of age but only three of the seven kittens were positive by blood mononu...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1997.13.713
更新日期:1997-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::The chemokine polymorphisms CXCR6-3E/K, In1.1T/C, H7 haplotype, CX(3)CR1-V249I, and CX(3)CR1-T280M have been shown to affect the course of HIV infection. We studied their influence on immunologic and virologic response to HAART in a group of 143 HIV-1 patients. We performed Kaplan-Meier analysis using the following en...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2006.0248
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that the cell line 6D5(451) chronically infected with the HIV-1 isolate HTLV-III(451), secretes the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp160 in the extracellular medium. The HTLV-III(451) gp120 and gp160 were purified by sequential affinity chromatographic steps using a monoclonal antibody...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1990.6.371
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00