Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:We sought to examine etiology and preventability of maternal death and the causal relationship of cesarean delivery to maternal death in a series of approximately 1.5 million deliveries between 2000 and 2006. STUDY DESIGN:This was a retrospective medical records extraction of data from all maternal deaths in this time period, augmented when necessary by interviews with involved health care providers. Cause of death, preventability, and causal relationship to mode of delivery were examined. RESULTS:Ninety-five maternal deaths occurred in 1,461,270 pregnancies (6.5 per 100,000 pregnancies.) Leading causes of death were complications of preeclampsia, pulmonary thromboembolism, amniotic fluid embolism, obstetric hemorrhage, and cardiac disease. Only 1 death was seen from placenta accreta. Twenty-seven deaths (28%) were deemed preventable (17 by actions of health care personnel and 10 by actions of non-health care personnel). The rate of maternal death causally related to mode of delivery was 0.2 per 100,000 for vaginal birth and 2.2 per 100,0000 for cesarean delivery, suggesting that the number of annual deaths resulting causally from cesarean delivery in the United States is about 20. CONCLUSION:Most maternal deaths are not preventable. Preventable deaths are equally likely to result from actions by nonmedical persons as from provider error. Given the diversity of causes of maternal death, no systematic reduction in maternal death rate in the United States can be expected unless all women undergoing cesarean delivery receive thromboembolism prophylaxis. Such a policy would be expected to eliminate any statistical difference in death rates caused by cesarean and vaginal delivery.
journal_name
Am J Obstet Gynecoljournal_title
American journal of obstetrics and gynecologyauthors
Clark SL,Belfort MA,Dildy GA,Herbst MA,Meyers JA,Hankins GDdoi
10.1016/j.ajog.2008.03.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-07-01 00:00:00pages
36.e1-5; discussion 91-2. e7-11issue
1eissn
0002-9378issn
1097-6868pii
S0002-9378(08)00268-8journal_volume
199pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:Although a few studies have evaluated the effect of meconium on the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio for testing of fetal lung maturity, to date these studies have assessed only the lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio of amniotic fluid contaminated with meconium. The purpose of this study was (1) to determine whether me...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70038-9
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrauterine 17 beta-estradiol pellets can induce an up-regulation of guinea pig myometrial beta-adrenergic receptor density and l-isoproterenol-dependent adenylate cyclase activity. Does 17 beta-estradiol influence the ability of beta-adrenergic receptors to form a "high affinity" state with l-isoproterenol, which is...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(89)90939-3
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obstetric uterine rupture has previously been reported after the laparoscopic removal of deep intramural myomas, but never has it been reported to follow the removal of superficial myomas. A 39-year-old primigravid woman with a history of a superficial subserous laparoscopic myomectomy was seen for acute abdominal sym...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(97)70110-8
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1946, Dr Curtis Mendelson suggested that aspiration during general anesthesia for delivery was avoidable by restricting oral intake during labor. This suggestion proved influential, and restriction of oral intake in labor became the norm. These limitations may contribute to fear and feelings of intimidation among p...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.166
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm delivery in infants born at a perinatal center is described. Between 20% and 30% of infants born weighing 500 to 2000 gm and nearly 50% of infants born weighing 2001 to 2750 gm had intrauterine growth retardation. For infants withi...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(85)90543-5
更新日期：1985-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A relationship between the urine thrombomodulin/creatinine ratio and preeclampsia was investigated. Preeclamptic women had a higher urine thrombomodulin/creatinine ratio than did matched controls. However, significantly elevated urine thrombomodulin/creatinine ratios were found in severely, but not mildly, preeclampti...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(94)90111-2
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic intrauterine hypoxia was induced in third-trimester lamb fetuses by daily embolization of the maternal side of the placenta with nonradioactive microspheres. After delivery at term, the chronically hypoxic fetuses had significantly increased pulmonary artery pressures when compared to nonhypoxic control measur...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(78)90242-9
更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The health and economic benefits of paid parental leave have been well-documented. In 2016, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists released a policy statement about recommended parental leave for trainees; however, data on adoption of said guidelines are nonexistent, and published data on pa...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.017
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Our objective was to determine whether the use of preoperative antibiotics prevents serious infections associated with total abdominal hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN:We identified 25 randomized controlled trials of antibiotic prophylaxis that used rigorous protocols. We performed meta-analysis and cumulative met...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(93)90266-l
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a low-cholesterol low-saturated fat diet on Doppler indices in the fetus and mother. STUDY DESIGN:Two hundred ninety nonsmoking white women, aged 21-38 years, without previous pregnancy complications and carrying a single fetus were assigned randomly to...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2007.01.017
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of fasting on maternal glucose metabolism were investigated in nonpregnant and 29-day pregnant conscious rabbits. Pregnancy decreased the glucose metabolic index by 60% in maternal red postural muscles. Fasting induced similar modifications in nonpregnant rabbits and exaggerated the changes observed in fed...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(88)90257-8
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study was undertaken to determine whether the addition of extra-amniotic saline infusion improves the efficacy of the Foley catheter in women undergoing cervical ripening and induction of labor with an unfavorable cervical examination. STUDY DESIGN:One hundred consenting women with a Bishop score less ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2003.12.039
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this research was to test a widely publicized theory that nausea and vomiting of pregnancy protects women from ingesting certain vegetables and other foods that produce congenital anomalies and other adverse outcomes of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN:The theory was tested with use of data on dietary ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(97)80032-4
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antenatal umbilical cord coiling index obtained during the fetal anatomic survey in the second trimester as a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome. STUDY DESIGN:Four hundred twenty-five consecutive women who had a fetal anatomic survey between 18 to 23 weeks of...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.092
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary cancers of the vagina are rare. They comprise 1% to 2% of all gynecologic malignancies and occur predominantly in older women. The diagnosis of primary carcinoma of the vagina requires that the cervix and vulva be intact and that no clinical evidence of other primary tumors exist. Approximately 90% of all vagi...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(12)90738-3
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to assess the role of fetal nasal bones evaluation in first-trimester screening for trisomy 21 in selected and unselected pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN:Visualization of the nasal bones was attempted in women attending for routine nuchal translucency screening (unselected population,...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2005.09.008
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to examine the association between preeclampsia and cancer incidence. STUDY DESIGN:The Jerusalem Perinatal Study is a population-based cohort of all births to 41,206 residents of Western Jerusalem from 1964-76. Cancer incidence to 2004 was assessed by linkage of the cohort with ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.057
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is a robust association between altered angiogenic factor concentrations, which includes placental growth factor and clinically recognized preeclampsia. Alterations in concentrations of angiogenic factors precede the clinical onset of preeclampsia by several weeks. The temporal relationship between the...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2019.09.003
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to establish the risk of fetal death in early-onset growth-restricted fetuses with absent or reversed end-diastolic velocities in the umbilical artery or ductus venosus. DATA SOURCES:A systematic search was performed to identify relevant studies published in English, Spanish, F...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.566
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Our objective in this study was to assess the basic mechanical properties of umbilical and chorionic vessels of placentas delivered after both normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN:Placentas were selected when the parturient women were admitted to the delivery room. Normal pregnancy (n = 17) was...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(11)90795-9
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infusion of exogenous insulin (54 +/- 19 mU/kg/hr) to seven fetal lambs caused hyperinsulinism and arterial hypoxemia but not hypoglycemia. We measured the relationship between fetal oxygen delivery and oxygen use for a better understanding of the cause of the observed hypoxemia. Oxygen delivered to the fetus is the p...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(84)90257-6
更新日期：1984-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:In a previous report, we described the results of a randomized, controlled trial that evaluated the potential of raloxifene to induce or exacerbate hot flushes. Here, we provide additional analyses that were undertaken to identify potential predictors of hot flushes and to assess the clinical usefulness of va...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2004.04.042
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine the reported diagnostic accuracy, the validity, and the current limitations of fetal Rh genotyping from peripheral maternal blood based on the existing English-written publications. STUDY DESIGN:A search of the English literature describing fetal RhD determination f...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2006.07.033
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Right and left ventricular outputs were measured continuously in fetal lambs in utero for 2 to 21 days after implantation of electromagnetic flow tranducers around the main pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta. Surface pacing electrodes were implanted on the left and right atria. The intact cervical vagus nerve was sti...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(16)33296-3
更新日期：1976-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Twelve pregnant women at term with unfavorable cervices (less than or equal to 5 points according to Bishop score) were given prostaglandin E2 for cervical priming and labor induction. Prostaglandin E2 was given in the following manner: 0.5 mg in gel strictly intracervically (n = 4), extraamniotically (n = 4), or pros...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(90)90986-h
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to compare bodyweight and composition (percent fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass) in neonates born to mothers with a normal pregravid body mass index (BMI; < 25 kg/m(2)) vs neonates born to mothers with an overweight/obese pregravid BMI (> or = 25 kg/m(2)). STUDY DESIGN:Seventy-t...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2007.10.796
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The responses to genital tract infection vary among different women to a far greater extent than has previously been appreciated. All women are not genetically identical and have not been exposed to identical environments; therefore it is naive to expect that a particular microorganism will elicit the identical respon...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1067/mob.2000.104258
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to determine the incidence of birth injury in a cohort of macrosomic infants (birth weight >4000 gm) and analyze the association between persistent injury and delivery method. STUDY DESIGN:Deliveries of 2924 macrosomic infants were reviewed. Outcomes were compared with those of 16,711 infants...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(97)70435-6
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We conducted, in a randomized, placebo-controlled manner, behavioral testing on mice offspring exposed antenatally to the herbal antidepressant Saint John's wort (Hypericum ). STUDY DESIGN:A daily dose of Saint John's wort (0.75 mg/g of food consumed), equivalent to that in human beings according to body sur...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mob.2000.108889
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Universal access to contraception benefits society: unintended pregnancies, maternal mortality, preterm birth, abortions, and obesity would be reduced by increasing access to affordable contraception. Women should be able to choose when and whether to use contraception, choose which method to use, and have ready acces...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2019.09.014
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
