Abstract：
:Neuromyelitis optica (NMO, Devic's syndrome) is characterized by concurrence of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis, typically associated with a lesion in the spinal cord extending over three or more vertebral segments. It is an inflammatory, demyelinating central nervous system disorder, and although it is most commonly relapsing, it is distinct from multiple sclerosis in that it is more severe, tends to spare the brain, and is associated with a longitudinally extensive lesion on spinal cord MRI. Furthermore, NMO is associated with a highly specific serum autoantibody marker, NMO-IgG, which targets the water channel aquaporin-4. The disease follows a relapsing course in more than 90% of patients. The relapses account for almost all disability associated with the disease because a secondary progressive course is uncommon, in contrast to multiple sclerosis. We recommend intravenous corticosteroids for acute myelitis and optic neuritis relapses, followed quickly by rescue plasmapheresis for severe, progressive, steroid-refractory events. Overwhelming evidence supports humoral autoimmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of NMO, and most available data suggest that systemic immunosuppression is required to prevent attacks. We recommend long-term treatment with oral agents such as azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil for patients with relatively mild disease and rituximab for those with more severe, recent attacks or treatment-refractory disease. We also recommend immunosuppression for at least 5 years in NMO-IgG seropositive patients presenting with a first-ever attack of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis because they are at high risk for relapse or conversion to NMO.
journal_name
Curr Treat Options Neuroljournal_title
Current treatment options in neurologyauthors
Wingerchuk DM,Weinshenker BGdoi
10.1007/s11940-008-0007-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
55-66issue
1eissn
1092-8480issn
1534-3138journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is an atypical parkinsonian disorder that, in spite of its growing recognition, is still underdiagnosed. For management, prognosis, and research, an accurate and early diagnosis is essential. PSP is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder, clinically characterized by ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-006-0012-z
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:OPINION STATEMENT: Anemia develops in about 50% of patients hospitalized with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is recognized as a cause of secondary brain injury. This review examines the effects of anemia and transfusion on TBI patients through a literature search to identify original research on anemia and transfusi...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-012-0167-8
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The treatment of progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) remains a major therapeutic challenge in neurology. Generalized convulsive seizures are often well controlled through classic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) like valproate and clonazepam, whereas myoclonus, the main symptom that is affecting patients most in their dail...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-002-0001-9
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Standard therapy does not exist for the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma. This is because of low patient numbers, slow accrual to clinical trials, and the absence of phase III randomized clinical trials. Neuro-oncologists agree that whole brain irradiation alone is no longer the best treatment opti...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-003-0012-1
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:A patient presenting with suspected primary central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis is often difficult to manage. Once the diagnosis is suspected, the clinical course may already be severe and warrant timely aggressive treatment with potentially toxic drugs. Definitive diagnosis is often delayed, requ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-013-0227-8
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The challenge for the neurologist in the treatment of Lyme neuroborreliosis is not in the treatment per se, but in the diagnosis. Neurological manifestations of Lyme disease can present in many forms, and diagnostic techniques which detect the spirochete directly; the culture or polymerase chain reaction of the spiroc...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-005-0026-y
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple pharmacologic treatments have been studied, but propranolol and primidone have proven to be the most effective medications. It is unlikely that a patient will respond miraculously to another medication if his or her response to propranolol and primidone is minimal. Some subsets of essential tremor, however, s...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-999-0027-3
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Sleep-related movement disorders (SRMD) include several different motor activities during sleep. Few of them are well known and well classified, whereas others are minor motor disorders of sleep which are neither thoroughly characterized and classified nor have been extensively investigated to clarify...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-019-0543-8
更新日期：2019-01-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The mainstay of treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is management of symptoms. Health care providers involved in the care of ALS patients should be armed with the most current knowledge about symptomatic management of these patients so that an aggressive approach to controlling symptoms can be undertaken ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-008-0009-x
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:CLIPPERS for chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids, is a steroid-sensitive and steroid-dependent brainstem inflammatory disease of unknown origin. Since its first description in 2010, about 60 cases have been reported throughout the world. The me...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-017-0455-4
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality in both inpatient and outpatient settings. The condition primarily results from the combination of impaired free water excretion due to elevated vasopressin levels in conjunction with a source of free water intake. Recent studies have revealed th...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-014-0310-9
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Narcolepsy is a severe, incurable, neurological disorder that is treated by pharmacological management of its symptoms. The main symptoms are excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy, although addition symptoms that may require treatment include sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-015-0347-4
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), over 40 different diseases, are now considered treatable disorders. Only a few short years ago, Lysosomal storage disorders were seen as interesting neurodegenerative disorders without any potential for treatment. Effective treatment strategies such as bone marrow transplantation (B...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-001-0006-9
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medical management, the mainstay of treatment for partial epilepsy, involves choosing from an array of antiseizure drugs, most of which have comparable efficacy against partial-onset seizures. Effective treatment strategies involve matching the characteristics of drug and patient to control seizures without adverse ef...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-009-0028-2
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Paraneoplastic brain stem encephalitis can occur as an isolated clinical syndrome or, more often, may be part of a more widespread encephalitis. Different antineuronal autoantibodies, such as anti-Hu, anti-Ri, and anti-Ma2 can be associated with the syndrome, and the most frequent tumors are lung and ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-013-0221-1
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sleep disorders can have a significant impact on the growth and development of children. Behavioral intervention is the first step in the management of many sleep disorders. Limit-setting is particularly challenging in younger children but must be consistent. Good sleep hygiene practices must be emphasized to adolesce...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-007-0042-1
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Classic maple syrup disease can be managed to allow a benign neonatal course, normal growth, and low hospitalization rates. The majority of affected infants that are prospectively managed have good neurodevelopmental outcome; however, acute metabolic intoxication and neurologic deterioration can develop rapidly at any...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-003-0039-3
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of visual snow (VS) and provide information regarding current treatment options for VS. Visual snow (VS) is a rare disorder manifesting with a persistent visual phenomenon of seeing numerous tiny snow-like dots throughout the visual field, and it ca...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-017-0448-3
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury (TBI) include anomalies of accommodation, version, vergence (nonstrabismic, as well as strabismic), photosensitivity, visual field integrity, and ocular health. Traumatic brain injury patients with complex diplopia patterns, noncomitant strabismic anomalies, and adv...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-002-0027-z
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Children surviving the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with neurologic illness or injury have long-term morbidities in physical, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning termed postintensive care syndrome (PICS). In this article, we review acute and longitudinal management strategies availabl...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-019-0586-x
更新日期：2019-09-27 00:00:00
abstract：:After a patient has initiated an antiepileptic drug (AED) and achieved a sustained period of seizure freedom, the bias towards continuing therapy indefinitely can be substantial. Studies show that the rate of seizure recurrence after AED withdrawal is about two to three times the rate in patients who continue AEDs, bu...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-010-0083-8
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:The recognition of the diagnosis of migraine in the pediatric population is increasing. Early and aggressive treatment of migraine in children and adolescents with the use of over-the-counter medications has proven effective. In addition, the off-label use of many migraine-specific medications is ofte...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-010-0069-6
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED) is a common condition characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, concomitant with an unpleasant sensation in the lower limbs, which is typically relieved by movement. Symptoms occur predominantly at rest and prevail in the afternoon or...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-015-0390-1
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Use of cannabinoids as medications has a long history. Unfortunately, the prohibition of cannabis and its classification in 1970 as a schedule 1 drug has been a major obstacle in studying these agents in a systematic, controlled manner. The number of class 1 studies (randomized, double-blind, placebo-...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-015-0370-5
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although estimates vary, the nervous system appears to be involved in 10% to 15% of patients infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. The resulting disorders, known collectively as neuroborreliosis or nervous system Lyme disease, generally respond well to antimicrobial therapy. Definitive treatment of nervous system infect...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-007-0035-0
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:The problem of short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA) management remains unsolved. Despite a myriad of therapeutic trials, no convincingly e...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-012-0211-8
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cervicocranial arterial dissection (CCAD) occurs when there is a tear in the intimal layer of the carotid or vertebral arteries with subsequent extravasation of blood into the subintimal layers. The dissection may be extradural, intradural, or extend over both segments. The contents of the subintimal layers are highly...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-007-0031-4
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurorehabilitation program for cerebral palsy changes over time. During the first 2 years of life, an infant stimulation program with an emphasis on more than just improving motor deficits is emphasized. The importance of involvement of a knowledgeable therapist cannot be overemphasized. Realistic expectations mu...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-000-0011-4
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:The diagnosis and appropriate treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders require a work up of potentially reversible metabolic, infectious and structural disorders as well as side effects of current medication. In pharmacoresistant movement disorders with a disabling impact on quality of life, deep ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-015-0373-2
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic multisystemic disorder involving the skin, the central and peripheral nervous systems, bones, and the cardiovascular and endocrine systems. This condition is caused by inherited or de novo mutations of the NF1 gene at the 17q11.2 chromosomal region, a gene t...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-015-0355-4
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
