Hepatic gene expression changes in mice associated with prolonged sublethal microcystin exposure.

abstract：:Oxidant generation catalyzed by metals has been postulated to account for a lung injury following exposure to air pollution particles. In particles that are predominantly carbonaceous, it is difficult to implicate such an oxidative stress as the responsible mechanism, since concentrations of metals can be extremely lo...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Ghio AJ,Richards JH,Carter JD,Madden MC

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Tg.AC mouse is being evaluated for use in short-term carcinogenicity bioassays. Because the dermal test protocol necessitates dissolving test agents we determined the effects of several solvents on responsiveness of hemizygous mice to dermal applications of the classical skin tumor promoter. phorbol 12-myristate 1...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Stoll RE,Furst SM,Stoltz JH,Lilly PD,Mennear JH

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The outcome of cardiac ischemic events depends not only on the extent and duration of the ischemic stimulus but also on the myocardial intrinsic tolerance to ischemic injury. Cardiac ischemic tolerance reflects myocardial functional reserves that are not always used when the tissue is appropriately oxygenated. Ischemi...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Golomb E,Nyska A,Schwalb H

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This report describes the findings of preclinical testing of SCH 351591, a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in CD-1 mice over a wide range of doses, in which the heart and reproductive organs of both sexes demonstrated toxic effects. Repeat-dose toxicity studies assessed 5, 15, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Losco PE,Poulet FM,Kaminska-McNamara GZ,Klein MF

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two-year toxicity studies were conducted on the widely used herbal products, goldenseal and milk thistle, in male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. With goldenseal root powder, the primary finding was an increase in liver tumors in rats and mice, and with milk thistle extract, a decrease in spontaneous backgroun...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Dunnick JK,Singh B,Nyska A,Peckham J,Kissling GE,Sanders JM

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic mouse strains offer the prospect of significant benefits in the in vivo assessment of carcinogenic potential. The European Regulatory Authorities have been supportive of their inclusion as one of the second-test options in the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for the Regis...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： van der Laan J,Lima BS,Snodin D

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High doses of insulin and the insulin analog AspB10 have been reported to increase mammary tumor incidence in female rats likely via receptor-mediated mechanisms, possibly involving enhanced IGF-1 receptor activation. However, insulin and IGF-1 receptor functionality and intracellular signaling in the rat mammary glan...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Hvid H,Fels JJ,Kirk RK,Thorup I,Jensen HE,Hansen BF,Oleksiewicz MB

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many new observations have been made correlating changes in renal morphology with changes in renal function. These changes have led to a better definition of the various segments which make up the renal tubule. These morphological patterns vary in different species as is documented by morphologic studies and by differ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Bulger RE

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed a guinea pig model of iron overload toxicity. Animals were administered intraperitoneal iron dextran 3 times a week to achieve total body iron load of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g Fe/kg body weight in less than 30 days. Quantitation of tissue iron levels with atomic absorption indicated increased i...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Schwartz KA,Fisher J,Adams ET

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Partial hepatectomy (PH) and neonatal rat short-term liver focus models were used to examine the effects of selected chemicals that had been previously tested in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) 2-yr carcinogenicity studies. C.I. Solvent Yellow 14, monuron, chlorendic acid, and 4-hydroxyacetanilide were tested fo...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Maronpot RR,Pitot HC,Peraino C

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We believe the development and validation of in vitro alternatives to eliminate the need to use animals in ocular irritation testing must be based on a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of ocular irritation. We have recently undertaken the task of developing such an understanding for a panel of surfactants. The...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Maurer JK,Parker RD,Carr GJ

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This report documents the histological changes in nude mouse skin and in human skin xenografts on nude mice following exposure to phenyldichloroarsine (PDA), a vesicant arsenical. Under light microscopy, we observed in PDA-treated human skin grafts: 1) degeneration of epidermal cell nuclei (apparent by 2 hr after expo...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： McGown EL,van Ravenswaay T,Dumlao CR

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nephrotoxic renal injury, and especially drug nephrotoxicity is now a common cause of acute renal failure. The most common patterns of renal injury produced by nephrotoxins, tubular damage, and interstitial nephritis, are discussed here. Toxic agents which are primarily tubular toxins include certain antibiotics, cisp...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Racusen LC,Solez K

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cancer stem cell concept assumes that cancers are mainly sustained by a small pool of neoplastic cells, known as cancer stem cells or tumor initiating cells, which are able to reproduce themselves and produce phenotypically heterogeneous cells with lesser tumorigenic potential. Cancer stem cells represent an appea...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Cheng L,Ramesh AV,Flesken-Nikitin A,Choi J,Nikitin AY

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK), which is expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), regulates phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segments (POS). To investigate the effects of drug-induced MerTK inhibition on the retina, UNC569, a specific MerTK inhibitor, was orally administered to male mice ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Sayama A,Okado K,Nakamura K,Kawaguchi T,Iguchi T,Makino T,Yabe K,Kai K,Mori K

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Swine, especially the miniature swine or minipigs, are increasingly being used in preclinical safety assessment of small molecules, biopharmaceutical agents, and medical devices as an alternate nonrodent species. Although swine have been used extensively in biomedical research, there is a paucity of information in the...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Helke KL,Nelson KN,Sargeant AM,Jacob B,McKeag S,Haruna J,Vemireddi V,Greeley M,Brocksmith D,Navratil N,Stricker-Krongrad A,Hollinger C

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dysfunction of the visual system remains a leading cause of human disability worldwide. Preclinical studies are a key component of efforts to develop drugs and devices to ameliorate visual impairment. Although new opportunities for the delivery of targeted ocular therapeutics have been created, clinical success has be...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Ramos MF,Schafer KA,Sorden SD

更新日期：2021-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Most available data on the involvement of p53 in rodent carcinogenesis are based on results of the end point of chemically or virally induced carcinogenesis, i.e., tumors. To investigate the role of altered p53 expression in early stages of rodent hepatocarcinogenesis in a systematic way, we treated male Wistar rats f...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Wirnitzer U,Töpfer R,Rosenbruch M

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In non-rodent toxicity studies supporting pharmaceutical or chemical product registration, the value of histopathology evaluation of all tissues from all animals from all dose groups is an ongoing discussion topic among pathologists. This manuscript documents an examination of this topic through a retrospective review...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Weddle DL,Mahrt CR,Schmidt SP

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphologic lesions have received only limited attention as in vitro endpoints of toxicity. In the present work, "tissue" and cell morphology of control and toxicant-treated primary dissociated cerebrocortical cell cultures from fetal mice were examined using phase-contrast and bright-field microscopy. In untreated co...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Bolon B,Dorman DC,Bonnefoi MS,Randall HW,Morgan KT

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of minipigs in preclinical safety testing of pharmaceuticals is considered an alternative to the more traditional dog and nonhuman primate (NHP) nonrodent species. Substantial evidence exists to suggest that the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of minipigs are similar enough to humans to consider them as ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Colleton C,Brewster D,Chester A,Clarke DO,Heining P,Olaharski A,Graziano M

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of specific cytokeratin (CK) polypeptide patterns is a sensitive marker of the cytoskeletal differentiation of epithelial cells. We developed an immunohistochemical method to assess CK expression patterns in the rat respiratory tract using serial paraffin-embedded sections from the nasal cavity, trachea...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Schlage WK,Bülles H,Friedrichs D,Kuhn M,Teredesai A,Terpstra PM

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lung is a target organ for the toxic effects of several chemical agents, including natural products, industrial chemicals, pesticides, environmental agents, and occasionally, drugs. Factors that establish the lung as a target organ include selective tissue exposure, high tissue oxygenation, and the presence of bio...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Smith BR,Brian WR

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To explore the hypothesis that air pollution promotes cardiovascular changes, Swiss mice were continuously exposed, since birth, in two open-top chambers (filtered and nonfiltered for airborne particles

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Akinaga LM,Lichtenfels AJ,Carvalho-Oliveira R,Caldini EG,Dolhnikoff M,Silva LF,Bueno HM,Pereira LA,Saldiva PH,Garcia ML

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is an odorless gas that produces highly reproducible lesions in the central nervous system. In the present study, the time course for the development of the neurotoxicological lesions was defined and the gene expression changes occurring in the posterior colliculus upon exposure to COS were char...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Morrison JP,Ton TV,Collins JB,Switzer RC,Little PB,Morgan DL,Sills RC

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When chemicals that are nongenotoxic in conventional assays produce increases in tumor incidence in rodents in chronic bioassays, the determination of the significance of these data for human safety is a challenging task. An important first step in this process is consideration of available data on the mechanism of ac...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： MacDonald JS,Lankas GR,Morrissey RE

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Furan is a potent cholangiocarcinogen in rat by an as yet undefined mechanism. The risk to man remains unclear. Using a time-course stop study design, we have investigated the potential of furan to induce oxidative stress and DNA damage associated with inflammatory and regenerative responses in rat liver. Furan was ad...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Hickling KC,Hitchcock JM,Oreffo V,Mally A,Hammond TG,Evans JG,Chipman JK

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent clinical evidence suggests that hylan, a modified hyaluronan, and related products potentially elicit foreign body granulomatous inflammation in human soft tissue. We investigated the biocompatibility of hylan G-F 20 (Synvisc) for up to 28 days after intradermal injection in guinea pigs and intramuscular inject...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Sasaki M,Miyazaki Y,Takahashi T

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak that started in Wuhan, China, in 2019 resulted in a pandemic not seen for a century, and there is an urgent need to develop safe and efficacious vaccines. The scientific community has made tremendous efforts to understand the disease, and unpara...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Bennet BM,Wolf J,Laureano R,Sellers RS

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There has been a substantial increase in the number and efficacy of laboratory biomarkers for the evaluation of human cardiac injury over the last decade. The advantages of these over traditional laboratory tests have encouraged adoption of comparable markers in nonclinical studies for cardiac injury assessment. Of pa...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Walker DB

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00