Abstract:
:The aim of this study was to assess dose-related steady-state serum concentrations of olanzapine (OLZ) and its metabolites N-desmethyl OLZ (DMO) and 2-hydroxymethyl OLZ (2-OH-OLZ) (assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography) in 122 child and adolescent psychiatric patients (age 16.9 +/- 2.2, range, 10-21 years; 74 males, 48 females) with a variety of diagnoses: schizophrenia group (n = 80); nonschizophrenia group (n = 29); anorexia nervosa (AN) group (n = 13). Median OLZ serum concentrations were 32.7 (range, 1-118; all patients), 37.7 (2-115; schizophrenia group), and 18.7 (1-63, AN group) ng/mL. The median OLZ concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratio (n = 122) was 2.6, with 90% of the distribution between 0.8 and 5.5 (ng/mL)/(mg/d). OLZ concentration was significantly correlated with DMO (r = 0.567; P < 0.0005) but not with 2-OH-OLZ (r = 0.122; P = 0.188). Daily OLZ dose was correlated with OLZ concentration in all (r = 0.684; P < 0.0005), schizophrenic (r = 0.542; P < 0.0005), and AN (r = 0.805; P = 0.001) patients, respectively. Patients aged less than 16 years displayed similar C/D for OLZ (P = 0.58) but higher C/D for DMO (P = 0.003) than those 16 years or older. AN patients received lower median OLZ doses (7.5; 5-15 mg) than schizophrenic patients (12.5; 2.5-40 mg), even after correcting for body mass index (P = 0.02). OLZ dose did not differ (P = 0.088) between smokers and nonsmokers, but smokers showed lower C/D for OLZ than nonsmokers (P = 0.008). C/D for OLZ was 38% higher (P = 0.041) under comedication with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors when compared with OLZ monotherapy. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that 46% of the variation of OLZ concentration can be explained by dose, diagnosis, age, sex, smoking, and comedication. The data are compared with the literature, and the relevance of therapeutic antipsychotic drug monitoring in previously sparsely investigated subgroups, such as children and adolescents or patients with AN, is emphasized.
journal_name
Ther Drug Monitjournal_title
Therapeutic drug monitoringauthors
Theisen FM,Haberhausen M,Schulz E,Fleischhaker C,Clement HW,Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M,Remschmidt Hdoi
10.1097/01.ftd.0000249950.75462.7fsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-12-01 00:00:00pages
750-9issue
6eissn
0163-4356issn
1536-3694pii
00007691-200612000-00005journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The indication for the antiepileptic drug lacosamide (LCM) was recently extended to include children from the age of 4 years. Real-life data on the use and serum concentrations of LCM in children and adolescents are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of LCM in this patient group in...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000599
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pediatric patients with leukemia, other malignancies, and rheumatological disease receive methotrexate chronically. Because of the documented correlation between methotrexate levels of compliance and clinical outcome, it is conceivable to verify appropriate systemic exposure to the drug. Saliva sampling may be of pote...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199506000-00006
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the efficacy, development of adverse effects, and possible correlation between the plasma concentration of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its major metabolite, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E), in a group of epileptic patients in whom selective increases in CBZ doses were made. Eighteen patients with refracto...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may be used as biopharmaceuticals to treat various diseases, ranging from oncology to inflammatory and cardiovascular affections. Trustworthy analytical methods are necessary to study their pharmacokinetics, both during their development and in post-marketing studies. Because biopharmaceut...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000419
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study is to characterize the pharmacokinetics and the gastrointestinal side effect profiles of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) in de novo kidney transplant patients of Hispanic ethnicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The pharmacokinetic study of EC-MPS was conducted in 11 de novo kidney ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31820271c3
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of nonlinear kinetics on the steady-state ratio of serum phenytoin (PHT) to total 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (p-HPPH) was studied in epileptic patients. In each patient, the ratio increased in a nonlinear fashion in relation to both the PHT dose and the PHT serum level. Patients with longer appar...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198512000-00007
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug discovery programs are actively exploring for therapeutic agents targeting enzymes and receptors regulating sphingolipid metabolism and biologic functions. FTY720 is a close structural analogue of sphingosine with immunomodulatory properties. After oral administration, FTY720 is phosphorylated by sphingosine kina...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-200412000-00001
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the analysis of voriconazole has been developed. For comparison, serum voriconazole was measured using HPLC and bioassay. For the HPLC-MS/MS assay, samples were prepared in a deep-well block by adding 10 microL of serum to 40 mic...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200412000-00011
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to mycophenolic acid (MPA) is highly variable among patients on standard dose mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) therapy. In addition, MPA exposure increases with time posttransplant and exposure is predictive for the development of acute rejection. Consequently, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of MPA may improve ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.ftd.0000194504.62892.b2
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emerging nation of South Africa, in common with some other countries, notably Eastern Europe, is heir to decades of neglect with regards to the exposure of the majority of its population to toxic materials. In this short review, the major toxic health hazards are described. For most of these risks there are now pr...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-200202000-00027
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several reports of loss of efficacy or adverse effects have been described after generic substitution of antipsychotics. To date, studies comparing serum drug levels in patients switched to generic antipsychotics in a standard clinical setting are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate if switchin...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000211
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds to human tumor necrosis factor alpha and which is approved for refractory spondyloarthritis (SpA). Individual adjustment of infliximab dosage may help to improve the therapeutic response in SpA. We investigated whether a knowledge of infliximab serum co...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e318224f83d
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The performance of the ROCHE FP NAPA reagent, a newly reformulated monoclonal antibody-based fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for N-acetylprocainamide, was compared with two commercially available polyclonal antibody-based immunoassays, the Abbott TDx and Syva EMIT. Although excellent correlation was obser...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199406000-00013
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetic equations of Chiou, Koup, and Kurland are often used in the pediatric setting to predict steady-state theophylline clearance using non-steady serum theophylline concentrations. However, these equations have not been validated or compared in a pediatric population. We evaluated the ability of these ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199210000-00002
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study aims to determine the population pharmacokinetic parameters of cyclosporine (CsA) after multiple oral administration of the microemulsion formulation, Neoral, in kidney transplant patients and to propose a limited sampling strategy to predict AUC(0-4h) using them and the Bayesian method. The AUC(0-4h...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200406000-00012
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fosphenytoin, the diphosphate ester salt of phenytoin, is widely used to treat status epilepticus. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model to describe serum phenytoin concentrations after the intravenous administration of fosphenytoin in adult and elderly epileptic patie...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000651
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this review is to provide information for interpreting outcome results from monitoring of antipsychotics in biological samples. A brief overview of the working mechanisms, pharmacological effects, drug interactions, and analytical methods of classical and atypical antipsychotics is given. Nineteen antipsych...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182708ec5.
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of gestational ethanol exposure and subsequent fetal exposure has been assessed in a cohort of mother-infant dyads in a Mediterranean city (Barcelona, Spain) by meconium analysis of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) after showing in this population a high prevalence of meconium opiates (8.7%), cocaine (4....
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31816a8657
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixty-two serum samples from 28 pediatric epileptic patients under treatment with phenytoin [diphenylhydantoin (DPH)] were obtained to study the correlation between total and free serum DPH concentrations. The effect of coadministered antiepileptic drugs on DPH protein binding was also studied. Binding of DPH to serum...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are a number of effective but highly toxic drugs that exhibit a narrow therapeutic index and marked interpatient pharmacokinetic variability. Individualized therapy with such drugs requires therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to obtain the desired clinical effects safely. Cost-effectiveness analysis in health care...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-200502000-00004
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Oral fluid is an attractive alternative matrix for drug testing with a noninvasive and directly observed collection, but there are few controlled cocaine administration studies to guide interpretation. MATERIALS AND METHODS:While residing on a closed research unit for up to 10 weeks under constant medical s...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181f2b729
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetic parameters of half-life, volume of distribution, and steady-state nortriptyline plasma concentration normalized to a 100-mg/day maintenance dose were calculated in nine smokers and 15 nonsmokers. The mean normalized total nortriptyline concentration for the smokers of 118 +/- 33 ng/ml was significa...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198609000-00007
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent literature has urged caution in the interpretation of vancomycin serum concentrations in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), because falsely elevated levels in excess of 70% have been reported with the most commonly used fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). The purpose of this study was to ev...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199804000-00016
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vancomycin is widely used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections in neutropenic patients with cancer. The objective of this study was to analyze liver damage effects on vancomycin pharmacokinetics and determine the necessity for liver function evaluation when selecting vancomycin dosing schedules in these pati...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200006000-00004
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The time course of appearance of cotinine in saliva and in daily collections of beard clippings was monitored by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in six volunteers who were nonsmokers following a single 30-min buccal administration of nicotine as a chewing gum. Salivary cotinine concentrations reached a plate...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199504000-00016
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ribavirin exposure after the first dose (D0AUC0-4h) >1755 mcg·h·L is predictive of sustained virological response (SVR) in patients with hepatitis C treated with peginterferon and ribavirin. The aim of this study was to test the benefit of ribavirin early dose adjustment based on this target in naïve patient...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000332
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the pharmacokinetics of naloxone in healthy volunteers, we undertook an open-label crossover study in which six male volunteers received naloxone on five occasions: intravenous (0.8 mg), intramuscular (0.8 mg), intranasal (0.8 mg), intravenous (2 mg), and intranasal (2 mg). Samples were collected for 4 ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181816214
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic Bayesian forecasting computer program to predict prothrombin response to warfarin therapy was investigated. The performance of the program was evaluated retrospectively in an inpatient study population of 45 subjects. Predictions of prothrombin response at discharge, ba...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198506000-00006
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amprenavir is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor with high protein binding (90%) in human plasma. This study was designed to develop an assay to measure the concentration of unbound amprenavir, to study variation with time in patients, and to investigate whether ritonavir and lopinavir, other protease inhibitors that could b...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ftd.0000188018.26680.98
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based screening procedure was developed for the detection of diuretics, uricosurics, and/or their metabolites in human urine after extractive methylation. Phase-transfer catalyst remaining in the organic phase was removed by solid-phase extraction on a diol phase. The com...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ftd.0000160719.96445.91
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00