Abstract:
:Despite evidence of high rates of smoking among prisoners, there has been limited research that describes smoking patterns and risk factors associated with smoking in this group. This study describes inmate smokers and identifies factors associated with smoking in prison, using a survey comprising a cross-sectional random sample of inmates stratified by sex, age and Aboriginality. A total of 914 adult inmates (747 men, 167 women) were recruited from 29 New South Wales (Australia) correctional centres. Information on the prevalence of smoking, smoking history, smoking behaviours and other risk factors were collected. Of the participants, 79% were current smokers (78% men, 83% women). Younger inmates were more likely than older inmates to smoke (86% vs. 64%). Most individuals smoked between 11 and 20 cigarettes a day and a median of 50 grams per week. In the previous year, over half (52%) of current smokers had attempted to quit or reduce the amount they smoked. At the time of the survey, 58% of smokers had plans to quit; 21% within 3 months. Independent predictors of current smoking in the multivariate analysis were past use of cannabis and a history of illicit drug use. The prevalence of smoking in prison is extraordinarily high and exceeds that of the general community. Despite this, the majority of prisoners report plans to quit. Readily available smoking cessation advice, support and treatment are needed to assist those wanting to quit in this stressful environment. As the prevalence of smoking within the general community declines, assisting cessation in groups containing a disproportionate number of smokers will become increasingly important. Despite high levels of tobacco dependence, many prisoners intend to quit and health planners and custodial authorities need to encourage and support inmates who do attempt to quit.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Revjournal_title
Drug and alcohol reviewauthors
Belcher JM,Butler T,Richmond RL,Wodak AD,Wilhelm Kdoi
10.1080/09595230600741198subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-07-01 00:00:00pages
343-8issue
4eissn
0959-5236issn
1465-3362pii
J08131G281028722journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Alcohol rapidly reduces thiamine among alcohol-dependent individuals. Poor diet and alcohol's impact on absorption, storage, activation and excretion of thiamine are thought to be the mechanisms. Previous literature identifies magnesium as an important cofactor in thiamine utilisation, which might...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12237
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:While higher tobacco prices lead to a reduction in smoking prevalence, there is a concern that paying more for cigarettes can lead to excess financial burden. Our primary aim was to examine the association of daily cigarette expenditure with smoking-induced deprivation (SID) and financial stress (...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00432.x
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Research on alcohol-related harm has predominantly focused on harm suffered by the drinker and priority has been given to health-related harms. In comparison, studies on alcohol's harms to others than the drinker are scarce. This study sought to examine the human sufferings from other people's dri...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00480.x
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In May 2002 Buprenorphine (Subutex) was listed on the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule for treatment in opioid dependence. In addition to broadening treatment options, buprenorphine has the advantage of an improved safety profile. The risk of overdose is lessened but other risks remain due to diversion. Fre...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/0959523031000154508
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reviews evidence on two hypotheses about the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis. The first hypothesis is that heavy cannabis use may cause a "cannabis psychosis"-a psychosis that would not occur in the absence of cannabis use, the symptoms of which are preceded by heavy cannabis use and remit a...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239800187271
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:To maximise the benefits of direct acting antivirals in Australia, innovative options for marginalised populations to receive daily or weekly medication may be beneficial. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of direct acting antivirals provision by leveraging an opioid agonist t...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12903
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regular and systematic monitoring of drug markets provides the basis for evidence-based policy. In Australia, trends in ecstasy and related drug (ERD) markets have been monitored in selected jurisdictions since 2000 and nationally since 2003, by the Party Drugs Initiative (PDI). The PDI maximises the validity of concl...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09595230600876705
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Cannabis use rates in Australia have declined since 2001. No research to date has examined possible reasons, despite evident policy interest in understanding such a positive public health outcome. In a 'first pass' examination, five possible reasons are explored: (i) attitudinal shifts regarding t...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12553
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:ISSUES:Serious educational games (SEG) have been shown to be effective in educating young people about a range of topics, including languages and maths. This paper identifies the use of computerised SEGs in education about alcohol and other drugs and reviews their impact on the prevention of alcohol and drug use. APPR...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/dar.12102
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two major global problems face mankind in the forthcoming decades. The rapidly increasing populations, especially in developing countries, are already causing social and economic strain in many areas, and the escalating demand for energy at both the individual and collective levels are matters requiring serious global...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239000185361
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of death globally, yet it is entirely preventable. Tobacco smoking typically begins in adolescence, and thus efforts to intervene early are vital. Personality has been identified as a risk factor for smoking in adolescence. The current study aimed to examin...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12975
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the study was to provide updated estimates of alcohol-caused mortality rates in Australia between 1990 and 1997, making adjustments for changes in the prevalence of high-risk alcohol use estimated on the basis of per capita alcohol consumption (PCAC). Deaths wholly and partially attributable to high-ris...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595230220139019
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::New amendments to child welfare policy in New South Wales turn a spotlight on parents who use drugs and raise concerns about adequate provision of services for families facing issues with alcohol and other drug use. Sections of the new legislation are explicitly focused on parents who use illicit drugs, expanding the ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12219
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of zopiclone misuse in clients attending a methadone maintenance programme in Dublin through detection of its degradation product, 2-amino-5-chloropyridine (ACP) on urinalysis is outlined. Urine samples from all 158 clients were tested for the presence of ACP, opiates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, alcohol ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595230601052777
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A minority of injecting drug users engage in high risk injecting behaviours when in prison. In the United Kingdom between a quarter and a third of injectors who enter prison inject when in prison, and of these about three-quarters share needles and syringes. In the present study, 44 drug injectors who had been release...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239600185991
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Petrol sniffing is a major form of substance misuse in Aboriginal communities across Australia. This practice has detrimental effects on the health and wellbeing of individual sniffers, their families, communities and wider society. There are few examples of programmes that have successfully stopped petrol sniffing. T...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595230600644640
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic alcoholism results in thiamine deficiency as a result of poor nutrition and impaired gastrointestinal absorption of the vitamin. Pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency in the rat reproduces a neurological syndrome and ultimately neuropathological damage of a nature and distribution that is similar to that en...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239300185371
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Australia, the impact of unemployment on adolescent smoking behaviour continues to present a major public health problem. Traditional prevention programmes in both primary and secondary schools appear to be achieving a delay in the onset of smoking. However, smoking rates of young people who are unemployed are unac...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239500185101
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, there has been increased recognition of the importance of drug information systems (DIS), highlighting the need for an internationally coordinated approach to data collection and advocating the regular assessment of a range of areas. Accurate information provides policy makers with the evidence to evaluate c...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/0959523021000059848
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Researchers agree that while hepatitis B maybe in control, hepatitis C is present in epidemic proportions among injecting drug users and that current HIV prevention strategies have not been sufficient to halt the spread of this hepatitis virus, although there is some evidence to suggest that incidence rates are stabil...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239800187391
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Demographic, drug use and criminal correlates of risky drug practices were examined among 279 detained youth in NSW Juvenile Justice Centres. Binge drinking was common, with 63% reporting the consumption of at least five drinks in a row in the 2 weeks prior to incarceration. It was associated with being older, being f...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595239700186431
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:ISSUES:There is controversy regarding the extent to which alcohol plays a causal role in sexual assault perpetration. APPROACH:This paper critically reviews the relevant alcohol administration and survey research literature. KEY FINDINGS:Alcohol administration researchers have randomly assigned male participants to d...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00296.x
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:This study was designed to examine the relationship between alcohol dependence and general practitioner (GP) service attendance in Australia. DESIGN AND METHODS:Data were analysed from the 1997 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. In this survey, a representative sample of t...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2008.00019.x
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:E-cigarettes are the most popular aid to quitting smoking in the UK. Although many smokers quit, relapse is common. Historically, the literature has reported strong associations between tobacco smoking lapse and relapse following a quit attempt. This article aims to explore how smoking lapse is expe...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12876
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Local and regional policymakers, care providers and prevention workers involved in addiction and addiction care need timely and reliable information. As few data on substance use are available at a local or regional level, an integrated local or regional monitoring system for alcohol and drugs (MAD) was developed. The...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595230600657774
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::It appears that the literature on agonist maintenance therapies for opioid dependence pays more attention to outcomes during, rather than after, treatment. This review aims to (a) estimate to what extent opioid abstinence can be expected from former maintenance patients, (b) examine possible relationships between pati...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09595230500170241
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:The Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile (ATOP) is a brief clinical tool measuring recent substance use, health and wellbeing among clients attending alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment services. It has previously been assessed for concurrent validity and inter-rater reliability. In this study...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.13088
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite optimistic predictions when nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was switched to over-the-counter (OTC) availability, population surveys have failed to demonstrate a positive impact on long-term smoking cessation. This review examined the strength of the evidence from randomised trials and comparison group studi...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09595230802245527
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Syringe distribution policies continue to be debated in many jurisdictions throughout the USA. The Baltimore Needle and Syringe Exchange Program (NSP) operated under a 1-for-1 syringe exchange policy from its inception in 1994 through 1999, when it implemented a restrictive policy (2000-2004) that...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dar.12276
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports on the evaluation of the implementation of the National Recommendations for the Clinical Management of Alcohol-Related Problems in Indigenous Primary Care Settings undertaken in 2001 through 74 standardized workshops, which sought to determine: (1) whether this approach to implementation influenced ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09595230410001645583
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00