Abstract：
:There is much interest currently in using functional neuroimaging techniques to understand better the nature of cognition. One particular practice that has become common is 'reverse inference', by which the engagement of a particular cognitive process is inferred from the activation of a particular brain region. Such inferences are not deductively valid, but can still provide some information. Using a Bayesian analysis of the BrainMap neuroimaging database, I characterize the amount of additional evidence in favor of the engagement of a cognitive process that can be offered by a reverse inference. Its usefulness is particularly limited by the selectivity of activation in the region of interest. I argue that cognitive neuroscientists should be circumspect in the use of reverse inference, particularly when selectivity of the region in question cannot be established or is known to be weak.
journal_name
Trends Cogn Scijournal_title
Trends in cognitive sciencesauthors
Poldrack RAdoi
10.1016/j.tics.2005.12.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-02-01 00:00:00pages
59-63issue
2eissn
1364-6613issn
1879-307Xpii
S1364-6613(05)00336-0journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:I propose that pre-attentive computational mechanisms in primary visual cortex create a saliency map. This map awards higher responses to more salient image locations; these responses are those of conventional V1 cells tuned to input features, such as orientation and color. Hence no separate feature maps, or any subse...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01817-9
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The car dependence of people living in contemporary cities is a major concern for policy makers, who often find it difficult to persuade people into more sustainable transport modes. By contrast, recent insights from neuroscience have shown that a broad spectrum of behaviors can become habitual and, thus, resistant to...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2014.01.008
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Artificial life provides important theoretical and methodological tools for the investigation of Piaget's developmental theory. This new method uses artificial neural networks to simulate living phenomena in a computer. A recent study by Parisi and Schlesinger suggests that artificial life might reinvigorate the Piage...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00034-2
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise can improve human cognition. A mechanistic connection between exercise and cognition has been revealed in several recent studies. Exercise increases cortical excitability and this in turn leads to enhanced memory consolidation. Together these studies dovetail with our growing understanding of memory consolida...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2017.03.001
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:No facet of human development is more crucial than becoming symbol-minded. To participate fully in any society, children have to master the symbol systems that are important in that society. Children today must learn to use more varieties of symbolic media than ever before, so it is even more important to understand t...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2003.12.004
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apart from their reading difficulties, dyslexic subjects often suffer from a variety of subtle sensory and motor deficits. Whether these deficits have a causal relationship to the reading disorder, form additional risk factors, or are totally independent of the reading problem, is under vivid debate. In this article, ...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01801-5
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent years have seen enormous demand amongst policy makers for new insights from the behavioural sciences, especially neuroscience. This demand is matched by an increasing willingness on behalf of behavioural scientists to translate the policy implications of their work. But can neuroscience really help shape the go...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2012.07.005
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We propose a new approach to the neuroscience of consciousness, growing out of the 'enactive' viewpoint in cognitive science. This approach aims to map the neural substrates of consciousness at the level of large-scale, emergent and transient dynamical patterns of brain activity (rather than at the level of particular...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01750-2
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Researchers have examined representations of the body in the adult brain but relatively little attention has been paid to ontogenetic aspects of neural body maps in human infants. Novel applications of methods for recording brain activity in infants are delineating cortical body maps in the first months of life. Body ...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2015.06.012
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2020.09.005
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2015.05.009
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beat perception offers cognitive scientists an exciting opportunity to explore how cognition and action are intertwined in the brain even in the absence of movement. Many believe the motor system predicts the timing of beats, yet current models of beat perception do not specify how this is neurally implemented. Drawin...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2020.11.002
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent discoveries about the neural system and cellular mechanisms in pathways mediating classical fear conditioning have provided a foundation for pursuing concurrent connectionist models of this form of emotional learning. The models described are constrained by the known anatomy underlying the behavior being simula...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S1364-6613(97)01007-3
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The manner by which the human brain learns and recognizes stimuli is a matter of ongoing investigation. Through examination of meta-analyses of task-based functional MRI and resting state functional connectivity MRI, we identified a novel network strongly related to learning and memory. Activity within this network at...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2015.07.004
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent years have witnessed a resurgence of classic tensions concerning the fundamental nature of human knowledge and the processes underlying its acquisition. This tension, especially evident in research on the acquisition of words and concepts, arises when researchers pit one type of content against another (percept...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2009.03.006
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2018.07.016
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many everyday thoughts and actions are shaped not only by our direct relationships with others, but also by our knowledge of relations between third-parties. Lau et al. recently demonstrated how knowledge of one type of social relation - interpersonal similarity - shapes cognition and behavior, and shed light on the n...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2020.05.002
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiencing oneself as the cause of an action is a fundamental building block for a sense of self. A recent study by Sato and Yasuda provides evidence that motor prediction contributes to the experience of agency. Their findings demonstrate that agency is experienced not only for intended, but also for erroneous, uni...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2005.04.006
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has long been debated whether eye movements play a functional role in visual mental imagery. A recent paper by Laeng and Teodorescu presents new evidence that eye movements are stored as a spatial index that is used to arrange the component parts correctly when mental images are generated. ...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(02)01931-9
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The comparative study of infant development and animal cognition brings to cognitive science the promise of insights into the nature and origins of cognitive skills. In this article, I review a recent wave of comparative studies conducted with similar methodologies and similar theoretical frameworks on how two core co...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2005.01.004
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Saccadic eye movements cause frequent and substantial displacements of the retinal image, but those displacements go unnoticed. It has been widely assumed that this perceived stability emerges from the shifting of visual receptive fields from their current, presaccadic locations to their future, postsaccadic locations...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2014.10.002
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neural coding by brain oscillations is a major focus in neuroscience, with important implications for dyslexia research. Here, I argue that an oscillatory 'temporal sampling' framework enables diverse data from developmental dyslexia to be drawn into an integrated theoretical framework. The core deficit in dyslexia is...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2010.10.001
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A fundamental question of human episodic memory concerns the cognitive and neural representations and processes that give rise to the neural signals of memory. By integrating behavioral tests, formal computational models, and neural measures of brain activity patterns, recent studies suggest that memory signals not on...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2018.03.004
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We introduce comparative connectomics, the quantitative study of cross-species commonalities and variations in brain network topology that aims to discover general principles of network architecture of nervous systems and the identification of species-specific features of brain connectivity. By comparing connectomes d...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2016.03.001
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been hypothesized that the human visual system can use temporal synchrony for the perceptual grouping of image regions into unified objects, as proposed in some neural models. It is argued here, however, that previous psychophysical evidence for this hypothesis is due to stimulus artifacts, and that earlier stu...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(02)01927-7
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The literatures on episodic memory for self-referential and emotional information have proceeded relatively independently, and most studies examining the effects of age on these memory processes have been interpreted within domain-specific frameworks. However, there is increasing evidence for shared mechanisms that co...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2018.05.001
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies have demonstrated that prism adaptation can reduce several symptoms of visual neglect: a disorder in which patients fail to respond to information in contralesional space. The dominant framework to explain these effects proposes that prisms influence higher order visuospatial processes by acting on brain ...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2010.04.001
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our understanding of the typical human brain has benefitted greatly from studying different kinds of brains and their associated behavioral repertoires, including animal models and neuropsychological patients. This same comparative perspective can be applied to early development - the environment, behavior, and brains...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2018.01.005
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychiatric and neurological disorders have historically provided key insights into the structure-function relationships that subserve human social cognition and behavior, informing the concept of the 'social brain'. In this review, we take stock of the current status of this concept, retaining a focus on disorders th...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2012.09.006
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Episodic memory is a polygenic behavioral trait with substantial heritability estimates. Despite its complexity, recent empirical evidence supports the notion that behavioral genetic studies of episodic memory might successfully identify trait-associated molecules and pathways. The development of high-throughput genot...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2011.07.005
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
