Abstract：
:Previous planar models of the downswing in golf have suggested that upper limb segments (left shoulder girdle and left arm) move in a consistent fixed plane and that the clubhead also moves only in this plane. This study sought to examine these assumptions. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of seven right-handed golfers of various abilities (handicap 0- 15) was used to define a plane (named the left-arm plane) containing the 7th cervical vertebra, left shoulder and left wrist. We found that the angles of this plane to the reference horizontal z axis and target line axis (parallel to the reference x axis) were not consistent. The angle to the horizontal z axis varied from a mean of 133 degrees (s = 1 degrees) at the start of the downswing to 102 degrees (s = 4 degrees) at impact, suggesting a "steepening" of the left-arm plane. The angle of the plane to the target line changed from - 9 degrees (s = 16 degrees) to 5 degrees (s = 15 degrees) during the same period, showing anticlockwise (from above) rotation, although there was large inter-individual variation. The distance of the clubhead from the left-arm plane was 0.019 m (s = 0.280 m) at the start at the downswing and 0.291 m (s = 0.077 m) at impact, showing that the clubhead did not lie in the same plane as the body segments. We conclude that the left arm and shoulder girdle do not move in a consistent plane throughout the downswing, and that the clubhead does not move in this plane. Previous models of the downswing in golf may therefore be incorrect, and more complex (but realistic) simulations should be performed.
journal_name
J Sports Scijournal_title
Journal of sports sciencesauthors
Coleman SG,Rankin AJdoi
10.1080/02640410410001730179subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-03-01 00:00:00pages
227-34issue
3eissn
0264-0414issn
1466-447Xjournal_volume
23pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract：:The feasibility requirements of administering field-based cognitive assessments are rarely reported. We examined the feasibility of administering a group-based cognitive test battery in a school setting with older adolescents. Several types of reliability were also assessed in the control group. Preliminary efficacy a...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/02640414.2020.1756673
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410903147513
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2012.734917
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
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pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
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