Abstract：
:Hydrofluoric acid is widely used in both industrial and household settings. The acid may cause insidious burns that can be very destructive. If the burns are not treated appropriately, the continued action of the free fluoride ion leads to liquefaction necrosis of the affected soft tissues, bony erosion and, ultimately, potentially lethal hypocalcemia. Immediate and copious irrigation, followed by topical, subcutaneous or intra-arterial administration of calcium carbonate, minimizes the extent of injury. In major exposure to hydrofluoric acid, management includes serum electrolyte and electrocardiographic monitoring, as well as aggressive repletion of calcium deficiency.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Mistry DG,Wainwright DJsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-04-01 00:00:00pages
1748-54issue
4eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Health care-associated infections cause approximately 75,000 deaths annually, in addition to increasing morbidity and costs. Over the past decade, a downward trend in health care-associated infections has occurred nationwide. Basic prevention measures include administrative support, educating health care personnel, an...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:As effective antipsychotic pharmacotherapy has become available, patients with schizophrenia are increasingly managed in an outpatient setting by primary care physicians. Pharmacotherapy is generally effective in treating "positive," or psychotic, symptoms and lessening the risks of relapse, but ineffective in improvi...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many normal children have heart murmurs, but most children do not have heart disease. An appropriate history and a properly conducted physical examination can identify children at increased risk for significant heart disease. Pathologic causes of systolic murmurs include atrial and ventricular septal defects, pulmonar...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tricyclic antidepressants have anticholinergic, adrenolytic and quinidine-like activity. These actions result in a variety of cardiac and blood pressure effects. Tricyclic antidepressants can reverse the antihypertensive effect of guanethidine and clonidine. Orthostatic hypotension may be increased with diuretics and ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fulguration of polyps, rectal biopsy and the Barron method of removing hemorrhoids require no anesthesia. Anal fissures, warts, small fistulas and hemorrhoids can be removed with a minimal amount of anesthesia. Pilonidal cysts or abscesses can also be incised and drained in this manner. Extensive fistulas, unusually l...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiac pacemakers are generally used in conditions where bradyarrhythmia is a major problem, such as advanced heart block, sick sinus syndrome and bundle branch block. Temporary or permanent pacing may be needed to control certain tachyarrhythmias refractory to medical therapy. Temporary pacing may be of value in the...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Relactation means reestablishment of a milk supply and nursing after the cessation of nursing for a variable period. Induced nonpuerperal lactation means establishing a milk supply in a woman who has never been pregnant. When motivation and the breasts have both been carefully examined, preparation includes breast sti...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diet is the single most significant risk factor for disability and premature death. Patients and physicians often have difficulty staying abreast of diet trends, many of which focus primarily on weight loss rather than nutrition and health. Recommending an eating style can help patients make positive change. Dietary p...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Testicular torsion is characterized by the sudden onset of testicular pain associated with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Fever is unusual and urinalysis is often normal. Fever, pyuria, dysuria and urethral discharge are characteristic of epididymitis. Radionuclide scanning and Doppler ultrasound are helpful in ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amputated or devascularized digits should be appropriately cooled as quickly as possible. The injured extremity is dressed, splinted and elevated. Careful selection of patients for replantation has yielded satisfying results to both patients and surgeons. Replantation is indicated for a thumb or multiple-digit amputat...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute renal failure occurs in 5 percent of hospitalized patients. Etiologically, this common condition can be categorized as prerenal, intrinsic or postrenal. Most patients have prerenal acute renal failure or acute tubular necrosis (a type of intrinsic acute renal failure that is usually caused by ischemia or toxins)...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The acute and chronic effects of alcohol on bone, muscle and peripheral nerves are not well appreciated. Bone complications include traumatic fractures, osteoporosis and osteonecrosis. In muscle, a sustained bout of heavy drinking may cause rhabdomyolysis, while chronic alcohol abuse may produce proximal myopathy. In ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bordetella pertussis is a highly contagious bacterium known to cause pertussis (whooping cough) and is transmitted via airborne droplets. Although childhood vaccination has dramatically reduced reported pertussis cases, the incidence of the disease has increased over the past 20 years, most notably in previously immun...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute diarrhea in adults is a common problem encountered by family physicians. The most common etiology is viral gastroenteritis, a self-limited disease. Increases in travel, comorbidities, and foodborne illness lead to more bacteria-related cases of acute diarrhea. A history and physical examination evaluating for ri...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the guideline developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association, the management of suspected unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) has four components: initial evaluation and management; hospital care; coronary revascularization; and hospital...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Superficial bursitis most often occurs in the olecranon and prepatellar bursae. Less common locations are the superficial infrapatellar and subcutaneous (superficial) calcaneal bursae. Chronic microtrauma (e.g., kneeling on the prepatellar bursa) is the most common cause of superficial bursitis. Other causes include a...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2017-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Injuries from power lawnmowers most frequently involve the toes or the foot. The most common injury is caused by an extremity being caught in the moving parts of the machine. The greatest injury is to the skin and soft tissue by degloving or avulsion. Most of these injuries, especially those which occur to children wh...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinically significant gastroesophageal reflux occurs in one in 500 infants. Symptoms resolve in 60 to 80 percent of infants by 18 months of age. Thickened formula and position changes are often recommended. Medication and surgical intervention may be needed in refractory cases. ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of skin cancer is increasing by epidemic proportions. Basal cell cancer remains the most common skin neoplasm, and simple excision is generally curative. Squamous cell cancers may be preceded by actinic keratoses-premalignant lesions that are treated with cryotherapy, excision, curettage or topical 5-flu...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The report states that chronic rhinosinusitis is an evolving area of study and new information is being assessed on an ongoing basis. Debate continues about potential etiologies and associated conditions, pathophysiology, common inflammatory mediators, and whether or not most cases of chronic rhinosinusitis are associ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The process of identifying and evaluating the common causes of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy changes as the pregnancy progresses to term. The most common identifiable causes of vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy include spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy. Pelvic ultrasound and quantitative beta-human ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Ectopic pregnancy affects 1% to 2% of all pregnancies and is responsible for 9% of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States. When a pregnant patient presents with first-trimester bleeding or abdominal pain, physicians should consider ectopic pregnancy as a possible cause. The patient history, physical examination...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Left ventricular hypertrophy is more common in hypertensive individuals than in normotensive persons. Its presence in hypertensive patients is associated with an increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke and cardiovascular mortality. Echocardiography is mor...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This common fracture most frequently affects young males. In most cases, the fracture is found on initial examination. Occasionally, it is missed on the initial radiographic evaluation but becomes apparent on follow-up films. Although most scaphoid fractures respond to conservative therapy, some fail to heal. Nonunion...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adopted children are emotionally vulnerable. Adoptive parents must cope with more complex problems than biologic parents. The family physician can provide valuable counseling. Preadoption counseling focuses on motivation and ambivalence. After adoption, however, serious, sometimes predictable, issues arise, such as: h...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prompt diagnosis of problems in the first trimester of pregnancy is facilitated by ultrasound scanning and quantitative serum human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone testing. When used appropriately, these tests can determine whether a patient has a normal early pregnancy, a miscarriage, a missed abortion, an ec...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of pleural mesothelioma will probably increase into the next century. A complete occupational history should include an inquiry about asbestos exposure, especially in patients with chest pain or dyspnea. The latency period between exposure and mesothelioma is as long as 50 years. In some patients, early ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A herpes zoster infection in patients with lymphoma has been associated with subsequent metastatic disease involving the spinal cord and vertebrae of the affected dermatome segment. This correlation can be used in planning radiation therapy to avert neurologic complications secondary to spinal cord involvement. ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genital herpes affects over 30 million persons in the United States. Genital herpes has three distinct presenting syndromes, depending on the patient's immune status with regard to the herpes simplex virus. Current diagnostic strategy relies on clinical findings and the selective use of viral culture. Acyclovir is the...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that can cause significant disability and decreased quality of life. The cardinal physical signs of the disease are distal resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and asymmetric onset. Levodopa is the primary treatment for Parkinson's disease; however, its lon...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-12-15 00:00:00
