Abstract:
:Despite the considerable number of women in the United States who identify as lesbian, few data exist that address lesbians' health needs. The Institute of Medicine emphasized that data on sexually transmitted infections, Pap smear screening, and cervical dysplasia among lesbians were needed to guide clinical practice, policy development, and patient education. Use of surveillance data for this purpose is limited because risk classifications exclude same-gender sex among women or subsume it under behavior considered as higher risk. However, sexual transmission of human papillomavirus, HIV, Treponema pallidum, and Trichomonas vaginalis between women has been reported. Data indicate that lesbians receive routine Pap smear screening less frequently than is optimal. Moreover, lesbians commonly report previous pregnancy, induced abortion, and hormonal contraceptive use. Education of lesbians and their care providers should counter assumptions that sex between women confers no risk for transmission of sexually transmitted infections, and lesbians should receive Pap smears according to current guidelines.
journal_name
Emerg Infect Disjournal_title
Emerging infectious diseasesauthors
Marrazzo JMdoi
10.3201/eid1011.040467subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-11-01 00:00:00pages
1974-8issue
11eissn
1080-6040issn
1080-6059journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Widespread deaths recently devastated the smallest known population of Ethiopian wolves. Of 7 carcasses found, all 3 tested were positive for rabies. Two wolves were subsequently vaccinated for rabies; 1 of these later died from canine distemper. Only 2 of a known population of 13 wolves survived. ...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2312.170893
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::High frequencies of antimicrobial drug resistance were observed in O157 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains recovered from patients in Michigan during 2010-2014. Resistance was more common in non-O157 strains and independently associated with hospitalization, indicating that resistance could contribute ...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2309.170523
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (the cause of Lyme borreliosis) seropositivity in Germany, we tested serum samples from health survey (2008-2011) participants. Seroprevalence was 5.8% among women and 13.0% among men; infection risk was highest among persons >60 years of age. Public health interventions, incl...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2101.140009
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mean annual incidence of hemolytic uremic syndrome in persons =15 years of age in Italy from 1988 to 2000 was 0.28 per 100,000 population. Laboratory investigations showed that Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection occurred in 73.1% of patients. STEC O157 was the most common serotype, but a con...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid0901.020266
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To monitor the incidence of Plasmodium knowlesi infections and determine whether other simian malaria parasites are being transmitted to humans, we examined 1,047 blood samples from patients with malaria at Kapit Hospital in Kapit, Malaysia, during June 24, 2013-December 31, 2017. Using nested PCR assays, we found 845...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2608.200343
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Anatum strain reported in Taiwan was isolated in the United States from patients and from seafood imported from Asia. Isolates harbored 11 resistance determinants, including quinolone and inducible cephalosporin resistance genes. Most patients had traveled to Asia. Th...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2605.190992
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We reviewed university-based outbreaks of meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B and vaccination responses in the United States in the years following serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccine availability. Ten university-based outbreaks occurred in 7 states during 2013-2018, causing a total of 39 cases and 2 deat...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2503.181574
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2009, an outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus occurred in Piura, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, and Lima, Peru. Whole-genome sequencing of clinical and environmental samples from the outbreak revealed a new V. parahaemolyticus clone. All the isolates identified belonged to a single clonal complex described exclusively in As...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2207.151896
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated Treponema pallidum infection in 8 nonhuman primate species (289 animals) in Tanzania during 2015-2017. We used a serologic treponemal test to detect antibodies against the bacterium. Infection was further confirmed from tissue samples of skin-ulcerated animals by 3 independent PCRs (polA, tp47, and TP_...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2406.180037
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) isolates that are genetically homogenous and from the Beijing family has been reported in Russia. To map TB transmission caused by these strains, new genotyping systems are needed. Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRUs) offer the possibility of rapid PCR-based typing...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid1209.041263
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate an association between KI and WU polyomavirus (KIPyV and WUPyV) infections and CD4+ cell counts, we tested HIV-1-positive patients and blood donors. No association was found between cell counts and virus infections in HIV-1-positive patients. Frequency of KIPyV infection was similar for both groups. WUP...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid1609.100211
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Babesia microti, an intraerythrocytic parasite, is tickborne in nature. In contrast to transmission by blood transfusion, which has been well documented, transmission associated with solid organ transplantation has not been reported. We describe parasitologically confirmed cases of babesiosis diagnosed ≈8 weeks posttr...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2211.151028
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We detected Marburg virus genome in Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) captured in Zambia in September 2018. The virus was closely related phylogenetically to the viruses that previously caused Marburg outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This finding demonstrates that Zambia is at risk for Marb...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2508.190268
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cloth masks have been used in healthcare and community settings to protect the wearer from respiratory infections. The use of cloth masks during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is under debate. The filtration effectiveness of cloth masks is generally lower than that of medical masks and respirators; howeve...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2610.200948
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Onchocerca lupi nematode is an emerging helminth capable of infecting pets and humans. We detected this parasite in 2 dogs that were imported into Canada from the southwestern United States, a region to which this nematode is endemic. We discuss risk for establishment of O. lupi in Canada. ...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2208.151918
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::During 2009-2012, Greece experienced a resurgence of domestic malaria transmission. To help guide malaria response efforts, we used spatial modeling to characterize environmental signatures of areas suitable for transmission. Nonlinear discriminant analysis indicated that sea-level altitude and land-surface temperatur...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid1905.120811
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outbreak of influenza A (H3N2) occurred aboard a U.S. Navy ship in February 1996, despite 95% of the crew's having been appropriately vaccinated. Virus isolated from ill crew members was antigenically distinct from the vaccination strain. With an attack rate of 42%, this outbreak demonstrates the potential for rapi...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid0703.010320
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in humans can cause asymptomatic to fatal lower respiratory lung disease. Despite posing a probable risk for virus transmission, asymptomatic to mild infections can go unnoticed; a lack of seroconversion among some PCR-confirmed cases has been reported...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2510.190051
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the incidence of and risk factors for clinical and subclinical dengue virus (DENV) infection, we prospectively studied 1,207 adult short-term travelers from the Netherlands to dengue-endemic areas. Participants donated blood samples for serologic testing before and after travel. Blood samples were tested for...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid1705.101125
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the detection and decline over time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies in infants born to women with coronavirus disease. Among 11 infants tested at birth, all had detectable IgG and 5 had detectable IgM. IgG titers with positive IgM declined more slowly than those without. ...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.3201/eid2610.202328
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shigella commonly causes gastroenteritis but rarely spreads to the blood. During 2002-2012, we identified 11,262 Shigella infections through population-based active surveillance in Georgia; 72 (0.64%) were isolated from blood. Bacteremia was associated with age >18 years, black race, and S. flexneri. More than half of...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2601.181698
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During 2007-2009, we tested serum samples from 2,004 pregnant women living in an area of high Q fever incidence in the Netherlands. Results confirmed that presence of antibodies against Coxiella burnetii is related to proximity to infected dairy goat farms. Pregnant women and patients with certain cardiovascular condi...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid1712.110738
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The United Kingdom and United States have recently experienced large outbreaks of mumps, which raises concerns about vaccine effectiveness. The effectiveness of the mumps component of the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine was estimated using the screening method. In England from January 2004 through March 2005, 31...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid1301.060649
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The severe epidemic of Ebola virus disease in Liberia started in March 2014. On May 9, 2015, the World Health Organization declared Liberia free of Ebola, 42 days after safe burial of the last known case-patient. However, another 6 cases occurred during June-July; on September 3, 2015, the country was again declared f...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2202.151456
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We isolated highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N8) of clade 2.3.4.4 from the common coot (Fulica atra) in Egypt, documenting its introduction into Africa through migratory birds. This virus has a close genetic relationship with subtype H5N8 viruses circulating in Europe. Enhanced surveillance to detect newly e...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2306.162056
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nontuberculous mycobacteria are human pathogens with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. Mycobacterium shimoidei is a rare cause of pulmonary disease, with only 15 cases previously reported. This series documents an additional 23 cases of M. shimoidei from Queensland, Australia, and highlights the pathogeni...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2311.170999
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight fatal cases of tick-borne encephalitis with an unusual hemorrhagic syndrome were identified in 1999 in the Novosibirsk Region, Russia. To study these strains, we sequenced cDNA fragments of protein E gene from six archival formalin-fixed brain samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed tick-borne encephalitis variant...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid0906.030007
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preventing emergence of new zoonotic viruses depends on understanding determinants for human risk. Nipah virus (NiV) is a lethal zoonotic pathogen that has spilled over from bats into human populations, with limited person-to-person transmission. We examined ecologic and human behavioral drivers of geographic variatio...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid2309.161922
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although surgical site infections (SSIs) are known to cause substantial illness and costs during the index hospitalization, little information exists about the impact of infections diagnosed after discharge, which constitute the majority of SSIs. In this study, using patient questionnaire and administrative databases,...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid0902.020232
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study assessed progress towards tuberculosis (TB) elimination in the Netherlands by using DNA fingerprinting. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were defined as new if the IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern had not been observed in any other patient during the previous 2 years. Other cases we...
journal_title:Emerging infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3201/eid1104.041103
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00