Abstract：
:For many years, differential reinforcement has been a prevalent and preferred treatment procedure for the reduction of behavior disorders. This paper reviews the procedural variations of differential reinforcement and discusses their functional properties. It is proposed that such procedures are more likely to be successful if behavioral function is a primary consideration in prescribing treatments; furthermore, limited success noted in previous research may be due to the arbitrary relationship that often exists between reinforcers and target behaviors when behavioral function is unknown. Despite the promise of a function-based approach to differential reinforcement, several current limitations exist in the identification and manipulation of relevant variables. Thus, further research is required to elucidate the relationship between aberrant behaviors and the variables responsible for maintaining them; otherwise, successful treatment cannot be expected. Several areas for future research are discussed conceptually as extensions of current and past experimentation.
journal_name
Res Dev Disabiljournal_title
Research in developmental disabilitiesauthors
Vollmer TR,Iwata BAdoi
10.1016/0891-4222(92)90013-vsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-01-01 00:00:00pages
393-417issue
4eissn
0891-4222issn
1873-3379journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Self-regulation has been identified as an area of difficulty for those with mental retardation. The Goodman Lock Box provides measures of two critical aspects of self-regulation-planfulness and maintenance of goal-directed behavior. In this study, the Lock Box performance of 25 children with Down syndrome was compared...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0891-4222(03)00012-x
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aims to quantitatively characterize plantar pressure distribution in women affected by Ehlers-Danlos syndrome of the hypermobile type (EDS-HT) to verify the existence of peculiar patterns possibly related to postural anomalies or physical and functional lower limb impairments typical of this disease. A samp...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2013.07.040
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the resilience displayed by families raising children with disabilities and behavior problems. The question is why do some families do well when others, exposed to similar stressors, struggle to keep their family life running? A stratified (by child age group) random sample...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2014.01.015
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article presents results from a comprehensive evaluation of a home-based early intervention project for congenitally blind young children. Five full-term and five preterm blind children, who had a mean age of 12 months at the beginning of the project, were visited at home with their families every 2 weeks over a ...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0891-4222(98)00004-3
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in society gradually and has important implications for public health in recent years. The present study aims to examine the gender effect on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults with disabilities. A cross-sectional study was conduct to analyze annual health check-up...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2012.09.001
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:With growing numbers of bilingual children on the autism spectrum in UK classrooms, the interaction between autism and bilingualism is becoming a pressing issue for practitioners, researchers and families. In this study, we report the school experiences of bilingual, autistic children in the UK through their...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2019.01.008
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Unilateral visuospatial deficits have been observed in children with brain damage. While the effectiveness of prism adaptation for treating unilateral neglect in adult stroke patients has been demonstrated previously, the usefulness of prism adaptation in a pediatric population is still unknown. The presen...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2015.06.009
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Single-case research (SCR) has been a valuable methodology in special education research. Montrose Wolf (1978), an early pioneer in single-case methodology, coined the term "social validity" to refer to the social importance of the goals selected, the acceptability of procedures employed, and the effectivene...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2018.01.007
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stimulus over-selectivity refers to behavior being controlled by one element of the environment at the expense of other equally salient aspects of the environment. Four experiments trained and tested non-clinical participants on a two-component trial-and-error discrimination task to explore the effects of different tr...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2011.07.011
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the current study, behavior skills training (BST) is compared to a computer based training package for teaching discrete trial instruction to staff, teaching an adult with autism. The computer based training package consisted of instructions, video modeling and feedback. BST consisted of instructions, modeling, reh...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2012.08.011
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Predictors of depression over time were examined in parental carers of children with developmental disabilities (DD) and parents of typically developing children (controls) who participated in the Growing up in Ireland Study. Parents completed measures of depression, the Centre for Epidemiological Depression Scale (CE...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2018.07.001
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The context for the present study was a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a group-based anger-management intervention, delivered by day-service staff. We aimed to develop a scale to measure the fidelity of manualized cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) delivered to adults with intellectual disabilities in group-b...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2013.09.006
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parental resolution of diagnosis represents coming to terms with and accepting the diagnosis of a serious condition in their child. As risk factors for achieving resolution, we investigated: a child's functional status, cumulative stress, and maternal depression. The current study tested the hypothesis that mothers wh...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2015.09.009
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the effects of progressive relaxation training on the disruptive behaviors of a boy with autism. Moreover, his overt relaxed behaviors before and after relaxation training were measured using the Behavioral Relaxation Scale (Poppen, 1988, Poppen, 1998). After the participant received training in pr...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0891-4222(01)00083-x
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although adults are known to have sensory sensitivity differences, existing sensitivity scales have been mostly developed for children. The limited number of adult scales measure social/emotional features and modalities together. AIMS:To develop scales for adults that evaluate visual, auditory and somatosen...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103612
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To extend understanding of impaired motor functioning of very preterm (VP)/very low birth weight (VLBW) children by investigating its relationship with visual attention, visual and visual-motor functioning. METHODS:Motor functioning (Movement Assessment Battery for Children, MABC-2; Manual Dexterity, Aiming & Catc...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2016.02.008
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to assess wayfinding abilities in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). The ability to learn routes though a virtual environment (VE) and to make a novel shortcut between two locations was assessed in individuals with DS (N=10) and control participants individually matched on mental age (MA) o...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2013.02.023
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Approximately 71,454 children younger than 5 years old have a disability in Ecuador. AIMS:Our objective was to compare and relate family cohesion, adaptability, coping, perceived stress, and control with family satisfaction of Ecuadorian mothers of preschool children with and without intellectual disabiliti...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103735
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been hypothesized that ADHD is associated both with difficulties in mathematical problem solving and in updating information in working memory. However, the relationship between updating and performance on mathematical word problems has never been studied for children with ADHD. The present study examined these...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2016.09.001
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Errorless learning is an instructional strategy used widely with individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The present systematic review aims to update the literature on the application of 'within-stimulus' errorless procedures. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018118385). Twenty-eig...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103521
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/AIMS:Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at an increased risk for certain maladaptive behaviors. This study characterized maladaptive behavior in school-aged children with DS and examined the extent to which maladaptive behaviors are associated with school function. METHODS AND PROCEDURES:Participants w...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2016.08.018
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children with reading disabilities (RD, n=17), mathematical disabilities (MD, n=22), combined reading and mathematical disabilities (RD+MD, n=28) and control peers (n=45) were tested on behavioral inhibition with a Go/no-go task in a picture, letter and digit-modality. In contrast to children without RD, children with...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2013.02.020
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cerebral palsy (CP) is caused by a lesion in the developing infant brain. Recent neuroplasticity literature suggests that intensive, task-specific intervention ought to commence early, during the critical period of neural development. AIMS:To determine whether "GAME" (Goals - Activity - Motor Enrichment), a...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2016.04.005
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prior studies evaluating the response of developmentally disabled persons to relaxation training procedures are largely limited to case study reports. Most often relaxation training procedures are vaguely described in these studies, and limited outcome measures are employed. In the present comparative group outcome st...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0891-4222(87)90040-0
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reading grade level and readability are rarely considered as important variables in the implementation and outcome of behavior treatment plans. In the first of two studies, we analyzed the reading level and readability of 20 behavior treatment plans developed by certified behavior analysts. We found that the behavior ...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0891-4222(02)00121-x
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to describe the performance and biomechanical parameters of the counter-movement jump for young people with ID, in comparison with age matched individuals without ID. Volunteers with ID (n=13; age=15.3 ± 1.6 years; Wisk III intelligence quotient 55.6 ± 11.2) and without ID (n=13; age=15.4...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.034
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hippotherapy is often carried out for the rehabilitation of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP), with the horse riding at a walking pace. This study aimed to explore the immediate effects of a hippotherapy protocol using a walk-trot pace on spatio-temporal gait parameters and muscle tone in children with Bilateral Spast...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2016.07.015
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aggression is a commonly co-occurring problem with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Comorbid aggression can be every bit as debilitating as core symptoms of ASD itself. As a result, careful identification of aggression, the context in which it occurs, and factors that maintain the behavior all have important implicati...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2014.08.004
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children with developmental delays (DD) are at heightened risk for developing clinically significant behavioral and emotional difficulties as compared to children with typical development (TD). However, nearly all studies comparing psychopathology in youth with DD employ TD control groups of the same chronological age...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.045
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In supporting individuals with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD), professionals have expressed the need for a person-centered planning method especially targeted for the highly complex and specialized support needs of these clients. The current study has evaluated the effectiveness of an Individua...
journal_title：Research in developmental disabilities
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ridd.2008.12.005
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
