Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The teaching of surgical skills is based mostly on the traditional "see one, do one, teach one" resident-to-resident method. Surgical skills laboratories provide a new environment for teaching skills but their effectiveness has not been adequately tested. Cognitive task analysis is an innovative method to teach skills, used successfully in nonmedical fields. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a 3-hour surgical skills laboratory course on central venous catheterization (CVC), taught by the principles of cognitive task analysis to surgical interns. METHODS:Upon arrival to the Department of Surgery, 26 new interns were randomized to either receive a surgical skills laboratory course on CVC ("course" group, n = 12) or not ("traditional" group, n = 14). The course consisted mostly of hands-on training on inanimate CVC models. All interns took a 15-item multiple-choice question test on CVC at the beginning of the study. Within two and a half months all interns performed CVC on critically ill patients. The outcome measures were cognitive knowledge and technical-skill competence on CVC. These outcomes were assessed by a 14-item checklist evaluating the interns while performing CVC on a patient and by the 15-item multiple-choice-question test, which was repeated at that time. RESULTS:There were no differences between the two groups in the background characteristics of the interns or the patients having CVC. The scores at the initial multiple-choice test were similar (course: 7.33 +/- 1.07, traditional: 8 +/- 2.15, P = 0.944). However, the course interns scored significantly higher in the repeat test compared with the traditional interns (11 +/- 1.86 versus 8.64 +/- 1.82, P = 0.03). Also, the course interns achieved a higher score on the 14-item checklist (12.6 +/- 1.1 versus 7.5 +/- 2.2, P <0.001). They required fewer attempts to find the vein (3.3 +/- 2.2 versus 6.4 +/- 4.2, P = 0.046) and showed a trend toward less time to complete the procedure (15.4 +/- 9.5 versus 20.6 +/- 9.1 minutes, P = 0.149). CONCLUSIONS:A surgical skills laboratory course on CVC, taught by the principles of cognitive task analysis and using inanimate models, improves the knowledge and technical skills of new surgical interns on this task.
journal_name
Am J Surgjournal_title
American journal of surgeryauthors
Velmahos GC,Toutouzas KG,Sillin LF,Chan L,Clark RE,Theodorou D,Maupin Fdoi
10.1016/j.amjsurg.2002.12.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
114-9issue
1eissn
0002-9610issn
1879-1883pii
S0002961003004501journal_volume
187pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occur in livers with injury-remodeling, accomplished by enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Metastasis involves basement membrane invasion also caused by MMP activity. Alterations in MMP expression and their endogenous inhibitor (TIMP) may factor in HCC metastasis. ...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(02)00833-4
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Since any intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is at least premalignant, avoiding conversion to invasion by pancreatic resection should provide a survival advantage-but how much? METHODS:We reviewed 100 cases of IPMN that were resected. Survival was compared between 3 groups: noninvasive IPMN (n =...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.01.020
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:There is little consensus of quality measurements for restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis(RPC-IPAA) performed for ulcerative colitis(UC). The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(NSQIP) cannot accurately classify RPC-IPAA staged approaches. We formed an IBD-surgery regist...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.035
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 24-year-old woman with no significant past medical or surgical history presented with diffuse abdominal pain and distention with decreased frequency of bowel movements for 1 month. A computerized tomography scan showed a massively dilated cecum suggesting obstruction. Exploratory laparotomy revealed bowel obstructio...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.10.030
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 2.5 kg thoracopagus (Siamese) twin and a 0.73 kg premature newborn developed systemic candidiasis and were treated with intravenous miconazole. The conjoined twin was in a state of severe metabolic acidosis, respiratory distress, jaundice, anuria, abdominal distension, and shock. The 0.73 kg premature infant was als...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9610(79)90349-0
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Esophageal cancer mortality is increased in African Americans relative to white patients. The reasons for this are unknown but are thought to be related to inadequate access to health care secondary to a higher poverty rate in African American populations. METHODS:The National Health Interview Survey databa...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2003.12.055
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult male rats underwent common bile duct ligation or sham celiotomy. At intervals of 7 and 14 days postoperatively, bacteremia was induced by intravenous injection of 10(9) Escherichia coli or intraperitoneal injection of 10(6) E. coli. Serial quantitative blood cultures and quantitative whole organ cultures were ob...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9610(89)90530-8
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A prospective study of 390 indwelling central venous catheters placed by way of the subclavian route identified bacteremia and tracheostomy as the only significant variables associated with the colonization of the catheters by pathogenic microorganisms. Catheter-related sepsis was likely in only 3 of 33 episodes of pr...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9610(79)90085-0
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yao and Bergan [8] have shown that an ankle systolic index of more than 0.25 is associated with a high rate of success from lumbar sympathectomy. This association has been borne out in our small series. We have also suggested that diseases that obviously compromise collateral circulation might be a relative contraindi...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9610(77)90316-6
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute recurrent pancreatitis in the absence of alcoholism and gallstones is a frustrating illness for both the patient and the physician. Over a 10 year period, 33 patients were operated on and found to have a duct of Wirsung entering the duodenum through the fibers of the sphincter of Oddi. Recurrent pancreatitis of ...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9610(87)90808-7
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytologic examination of peritoneal washings was performed in 40 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (35 head, 5 body) whose tumors had been selected as potentially resectable by computed tomographic (CT) findings. Saline (100 mL) was instilled and aspirated at laparoscopy in 27 patients and at laparotomy i...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9610(91)90356-i
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This prospective study was performed to ascertain the added benefit of lymphoscintigraphy to a standard method of intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer. METHODS:Patients with invasive breast cancer were injected with 99mTc sulfur colloid prior to sentinel node biopsy; p...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(99)00088-4
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lasers have been used for endoscopic gastrointestinal surgery at our institution since 1977. The argon and Nd-YAG lasers are valuable for coagulating upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, arteriovenous malformations, and benign and malignant lesions, as well as a variety of anatomic anomalies. Between December 1977 and S...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9610(84)90427-6
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Massive doses of methylprednisolone were given to dogs prior to severe, lethal, hemorrhagic shock. An untreated group of dogs subjected to hemorrhagic shock served as controls. No persistent significant differences were seen in cardiac output, mean arterial blood pressure, superior mesenteric artery flow, and survival...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9610(75)90394-3
更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1972 to 1987, 403 patients underwent a composite resection consisting of segmental mandibulectomy and neck dissection for the treatment of bucco-pharynx squamous cell carcinoma (303 patients had postoperative radiotherapy [XRT], 29 patients had preoperative XRT, and 100 patients had tissue salvage performed after...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(05)80350-2
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hypercapnia and local pressure effects unique to CO(2) base minimally invasive surgery alter renal blood flow. We have demonstrated laparoscopic antireflux surgery to have an additional impact upon hemodynamics (decreased cardiac output), potentially extending known effects upon renal blood flow. METHODS:We...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(02)00824-3
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite impressive results with the Lap-Band in Europe and Australia, the early Food and Drug Administration A trial in the United States showed fairly poor results. This prospective study attempts to determine if the Lap-Band can produce effective weight loss in morbidly obese Americans. METHODS:Five hundr...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2004.08.059
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) origin is a very aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Most of the literature reports of CUP are generated from tertiary cancer centers. METHODS:A retrospective chart review of all patients with a diagnosis of CUP was performed between January 1995 and January 2005. Age, ...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.08.039
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colonoscopic examination of the entire colon was performed on 146 patients for radiographically suspected benign polypoid disease. Of thirty-six patients who did not have a neoplastic lesion at the suspected site, seven (19 per cent) had unsuspected small benign polypoid adenomas elsewhere in the colon. Of the remaini...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9610(76)90162-8
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased strength of healing incisions infected with E coli was demonstrated in this experiment. Efforts to measure respiratory gas tensions and pH in these incisions were unsuccessful. Therefore, these moieties were measured in normal and infected wound fluid contained in implanted wire cylinders. The wound fluid fr...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9610(76)90292-0
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::From April 1, 1990, to March 31, 1992, 8,899 patients who were 65 years of age and older underwent an anesthetic and surgical procedure in a 1,000-bed community hospital in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The hospital has been using a proprietary system called MedisGroups for assessing the severity of illness on a...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(05)80438-6
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The OX-40 receptor (OX-40R/CD134) is expressed primarily on activated CD4(+) ("helper") T cells. We have previously reported the presence of OX-40(+) T cells in head and neck cancer and melanoma, where they appear to be restricted to tumor compartments (primary tumor infiltrating lymphocytes [TILs] and drain...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(00)00361-5
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In view of the indolent nature of most cancers of the thyroid, particularly of the papillary and follicular variety, the decision to remove a segment of the upper aerodigestive tract when the cancer is either close to or invading this area is a difficult one. It was felt relevant to review the experience at ...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(05)80136-9
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An improved technic for total thyroidectomy, utilizing magnification, is described. A method of preservation of the parathyroid glands with intact blood supply has been developed. The completeness of total thyroidectomy has been confirmed in 91 per cent of patients studied by postoperative radioactive iodine scan. ...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9610(75)90472-9
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An ideal treatment method for the widely prevalent pilonidal sinus disease is not yet available. The most commonly practiced technique is simple closure following resection of the effected tissue. However, high recurrence rates in some series have led to the search for other methods. One of these methods is ...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.12.030
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effect of the number of lymph nodes harvested on the long-term survival of gastric cancer according to Tumor, Node, and Metastasis (TNM) stage and tumor location remains unclear. METHODS:Patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer (1998 to 2009) were evaluated retrospectively (1,637 patients)....
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.01.029
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective review of 58 rare breast neoplasms encountered at the British Columbia Cancer Agency between 1972 and 1992 was undertaken. There were 38 cystosarcoma phyllodes tumors, 6 carcinosarcomas, and 14 other sarcomas. Initial management involved total mastectomy in 37 cases, wide excision in 14, and excision b...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9610(94)90238-0
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The role of stereotactic fine-needle aspiration cytology (SFNAC) in the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions is poorly defined. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Data were prospectively collected from 225 consecutive patients with nonpalpable breast lesions who had aspiration cytology followed by immediate surgical e...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(05)80116-3
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the advantages of aseptic nonoperative intubation of the small intestine for decompression of obstructed loops, 48% of the attempts lead to failure to pass the tube through the pylorus. The difficulty and inconvenience of passage beyond the stomach have been overcome by the development of a special tube attach...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9610(76)90427-x
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the use of shunts for carotid artery surgery remains controversial, the hemodynamics of the shunts currently available have not been carefully evaluated in vivo. We developed an animal model using contralateral carotid artery ligation, which produced ipsilateral carotid blood flows (640 +/- 44 ml/min) and int...
journal_title:American journal of surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9610(89)90354-1
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00