Abstract：
:Criterion validity studies sometimes use designs with test-based enrollment schemes. In such incomplete studies, a Reference Instrument (RI) is applied to unequal sampling fractions of subjects previously identified as positives or negatives by a new Test Instrument (TI+ and TI-). Focusing on sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), this article addresses some issues concerning the precision of estimates, study costs, as well as the acceptability/convenience to subjects. For that purpose, examples are provided whereby three indicators-statistical efficiency differential (deltaS), cost differential (deltaC), and (in)convenience differential (deltaI)-are contrasted and discussed. Although a clear, fast-and-ready answer as to what constitutes an optimal study cannot be given, the article offers a rationale for weighing gains and losses. Among several scenarios, it is shown that an appropriately chosen incomplete study design may be as statistically efficient as one with a complete sampling scheme, yet is able to offer a ca. 15% cost reduction and about 20% fewer individuals needing to endure an invasive or logistically cumbersome RI. A special emphasis on the planning stages of an investigation is called for, precisely when the level of statistical precision the researcher is willing to accept can be weighed against the available budget and the degree of stress put on the subject that ought to be avoided.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Reichenheim MEdoi
10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00162-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-10-01 00:00:00pages
983-8issue
10eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S0895435603001628journal_volume
56pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVES:To identify statistical methods for harmonization, the procedures aimed at achieving the comparability of previously collected data, which could be used in the context of summary data and individual participant data meta-analysis of cognitive measures. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Environmental scan methods wer...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.09.003
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:A large number of trials remain difficult to locate or unpublished for systematic reviews. The objective of this article was to determine the usefulness of making e-mail contact with authors of clinical trials and literature reviews found in MEDLINE to identify unpublished or difficult to locat...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.11.022
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:In 1981, toxic oil syndrome (TOS) appeared in Spain, affecting more than 20,000 persons and causing over 2500 deaths to date. Previous studies have addressed mortality only by gender and age. We analyzed possible prognostic factors in the survival of the cohort. METHODS:The study period was 1 ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00119-7
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In perinatology "Outcome" is almost always defined in terms of mortality or serious morbidity. Evaluation of care for normal pregnancy and midwifery care in particular cannot rely only on outcome measures per se, but must also take the means and interventions by which these are achieved into account. Perinatal Backgro...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(95)00549-8
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of applying a problem assessment versus a pure symptom urinary incontinence (UI) caseness definition in etiologic research. SUBJECTS:A random population sample of 2613 women aged 30-59 years, who responded to a postal questionnaire. MAIN PARAMETERS: One-year period prevalence of the...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00130-3
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:There is a pressing need for evidence-based interventions to address the devastating clinical and public health effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The number of registered trials related to COVID-19 is increasing by the day. The objective of this study was to describe ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.06.005
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Longitudinal studies estimating the association between disability and mortality in the elderly population have typically assumed disability constant through the follow-up study period. Current knowledge indicates that such assumptions may not be appropriate. Our purpose was to examine this association (disa...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00201-4
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study developed and validated a multidimensional measure of dyspepsia. A questionnaire was administered to 126 patients with dyspepsia who presented for care at a VA outpatient clinic and a family physician's private office. Dyspepsia-specific health was measured by self-report using: (1) an existing dyspepsia sc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00245-x
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, pulse rate and cigarette smoking on extracranial carotid artery plaque thickness evaluated by B-mode ultrasonography was investigated in a cross-sectional study of 698 white men, 730 white women, 77 black men and 76 black women as part of a clinical ultrasound registry. ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(89)90151-0
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The decision to make protocols of phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) publicly accessible by leading journals was a landmark event in clinical trial reporting. Here, we compared primary outcomes defined in protocols with those in publications describing the trials and in trial registration. STUDY ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.07.010
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern that is increasing mainly as the result of increasing incidences of diabetes and hypertension. Furthermore, if left untreated, individuals with CKD may progress to end-stage kidney failure. Identifying individuals with undiagnosed CKD or those who are a...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.06.020
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We examined the analytic validity of reported family history of hypertension and diabetes among siblings in the Seychelles. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Four hundred four siblings from 73 families with at least two hypertensive persons were identified through a national hypertension register. Two gold standards ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.10.008
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Health researchers commonly use logistic regression when profiling health providers. Data from the patients treated by the providers are used to construct models predicting the expected number of outcomes for providers and the ratio of observed to expected outcomes (O/E ratio) used as a risk-adjusted measure of provid...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00048-9
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whether or not to treat patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation with anticoagulants to prevent embolic stroke is a dilemma for physicians. If randomized trials, currently underway, demonstrate a beneficial effect, the dilemma will not be solved because not all of the relevant factors can be addressed by trials...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(91)90219-y
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study investigated trial consultations to identify whether and to what extent discussions of retention are present. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:This embedded mixed-methods study design included a purposive sample of audio-recorded trial consultations obtained from four sites of a large multicenter UK-base...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.03.011
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasma fibrinogen was measured in a sample of 8824 men and women aged 40-59 years participating in the Scottish Heart Health Study, and related to cardiovascular risk factors. Women had higher fibrinogen levels than men. In both sexes, multivariate analysis showed that fibrinogen was positively associated with age, sm...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(90)90075-z
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurement of physical activity in epidemiological studies is usually achieved by means of a questionnaire. Little work has been done to determine which questionnaire format has greater validity in an elderly population. In this study of elderly subjects, physical activity as reported in two self-administered questio...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90071-t
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We identified 38 case-control studies investigating possible associations between alcoholic beverage consumption and cancer of the female breast. Each study was characterized according to design features such as: control type (hospital or community based), risk factors controlled for, matching strategy, and statistica...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90026-4
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed the performance of diagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation by the computer program MEANS and by research physicians, compared to cardiologists, in a physician-based study. To establish a strategy for ECG interpretation in health surveys, we also studied the diagnostic capacity of three scenarios:...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00100-5
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Elderly patients are inordinately affected by surgical site infections (SSIs). This study derived and internally validated a model that used routinely collected health administrative data to measure the probability of SSI in elderly patients within 30 days of surgery. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:All people exc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.05.010
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Cases and controls should be chosen from the same base population to reduce selection bias in case-control studies. For hospital cases, we examined how inferences drawn from a case-control study can differ by choice of hospital- vs. community-based controls. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:We used data from a case...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.11.006
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to assess the completeness of reporting of methods in overviews. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Assessment of the adequacy of reporting of methods in a random sample of 50 overviews was based on a published framework of methods for conducting overviews. Descriptive summary statistics were...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.09.025
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This cohort study investigated potential clinical and biochemical predictors of subsequent preterm birth in women presenting with threatened preterm labor. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Subjects were 218 pregnant women admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of threatened preterm labor at 22-36 weeks gestation. Exc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.06.015
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum cholesterol has been increasing in recent years in Japan. There is concern that risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) may be increasing too, but there is little information on validated fatal CHD trends in the Japanese population. We identified 1,056 deaths from heart disease and other deaths possibly hiding CHD ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00516-9
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In middle-aged people, social class is one of the strongest predictors of mortality. However, to date, research prospectively evaluating the relationship between social class and mortality in the older persons has produced conflicting results. This may be due to the lack of clinical covariates in many analyses. The ob...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00464-x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously shown that patients with a positive family history of lung cancer did not exhibit characteristics expected if the familial association was a surrogate for a genetic mechanism which was absent in those without such a history. In this study, we examine the incidence of cancer (all sites) in two groups...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(91)90202-k
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary embolism (PE) causes substantial morbidity and mortality, but little information is available regarding recent secular trends for PE. This study determined trends for PE in adults ages 30 to 84 years in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area from 1980 to 1995. The age-adjusted mortality rate for PE decre...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00147-x
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To present estimates of clinically meaningful or minimal important changes for the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) after joint replacement surgery. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Secondary data analysis of the NHS patient-reported outcome measures data set that included 82,415 patients list...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.08.009
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was introduced to Western Australia in 1991 and has become the method of choice for this procedure, although there are concerns about complications, particularly bile duct injuries. Previous studies have investigated this problem but have not confirmed the accuracy of coded information. We...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00043-8
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To test the theory of a U-shaped association between time from the first presentation of symptoms in primary care to the diagnosis (the diagnostic interval) and mortality after diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Three population-based studies in Denmark and the United Kingdom usin...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.12.006
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
