Abstract：
:Cohort mortality and nested case-control studies were conducted involving 2,901 men employed 1 year or more between 1940 and 1986 at any of four California facilities of a major chemical company. Employees experienced fewer deaths from each of the major causes than were expected based on U.S., California, and local county mortality rates. Respiratory cancer was significantly elevated in one socioeconomic category comprised of operators (SMR = 157, 95% CI = 109-220). The 34 cases who died from respiratory cancer and 136 matched controls, all of whom were operators, were included in a nested case-control study. Departments in which subjects had worked were grouped into 13 work assignment or product categories by an industrial hygienist without knowledge of case-control status. Smoking habits and other occupational exposures were ascertained by telephone interview from subjects or surrogate-responders. As expected, current cigarette smoking was strongly related to respiratory cancer. After adjustment for smoking, cases were significantly more likely than controls to have ever worked in one of the 13 work areas (supervision, services, and business support). However, no dose-response relationship was evident with duration of employment in this work area and the departments involved were associated with plant security and not chemical production. Results were similar when a 15-year latency period was assumed. These findings suggest that the excess of respiratory cancer mortality among operators was most likely due to differences in cigarette smoking or other factors not ascertained, rather than to a specific occupational exposure.
journal_name
Am J Ind Medjournal_title
American journal of industrial medicineauthors
Burchfiel CM,Cartmill JB,Axe FD,Bond GGdoi
10.1002/ajim.4700220107subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-01-01 00:00:00pages
69-83issue
1eissn
0271-3586issn
1097-0274journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:After cryptosporidiosis was reported in three workers caring for preweaned calves at an academic research laboratory, we sought to identify cases, determine risk factors, and implement control measures. METHODS:A cryptosporidiosis case was defined as diarrhea duration ≥72 hr, abdominal cramps, or vomiting i...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.22630
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Sheet Metal Occupational Health Institute Trust (SMOHIT) was formed in 1985 to examine the health hazards of the sheet metal industry in the U.S. and Canada through an asbestos disease screening program. A study of mortality patterns among screening program participants was undertaken. METHODS:A cohort ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.20725
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We developed a systematic, data-driven approach to estimate metrics of occupational exposure to lead to aid in epidemiologic analyses in a case-control study of kidney cancer. METHODS:Probability of exposure to ten lead sources was assigned using decision rules developed from an extensive literature review ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.22912
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Diesel exhaust is considered a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The epidemiologic evidence rests on studies of lung cancer among truck drivers, bus drivers, shipyard workers, and railroad workers. The general public is exposed to diesel exhaust in ambient a...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199809)34:3<220::aid-ajim3
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Lead stabilizers (e.g., lead sulfate, lead stearate) are common additives in plastics used in electrical devices. In 1997, three plastics compounders at one California company were severely lead-poisoned. METHODS:The poisonings were investigated by interviewing the workers, employer, and treating physician ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.20123
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An epidemiological investigation was undertaken to determine the relationship between silicosis in hardrock miners in Ontario and cumulative exposure to silica (crystalline silica--alpha quartz) dust. This first report describes the cohort, the method of classifying the radiographs, and the identification of a case of...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700160103
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To study their socioeconomic and health status, 1,770 workers in the organized electronics industry in India were surveyed. Mean age of the workers employed in this industry was 32.5 +/- 6.01 years. The average per capita income/month was Rupees 333, indicating a higher socioeconomic status, compared with the status o...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700230209
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that health maintenance organizations (HMOs) overdiagnose work-related injuries and illnesses to increase their income. This study compared the Workers' Compensation experience of 2,176 Boston postal employees enrolled in a large HMO with that of 3,473 employees enrolled in a large fee-for-servic...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700190306
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Asthma has been found to be among the most common conditions in the working age population and is among the most common causes of work limitation, but we could find no longitudinal studies of employment among persons with this condition. METHODS:A panel of 601 persons with a diagnosis of asthma from random ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199905)35:5<472::aid-ajim4
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To study genotoxic effects of exposure to low levels of benzene, single-strand breaks (SSB) in DNA of leukocytes and urinary levels of the oxidative DNA adduct 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) were determined in 33 men occupationally exposed to benzene from gasoline and in 33 controls. The average exposure to benzene o...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199609)30:3<317::AID-AJIM1
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Worldwide, there is rigorous scientific activity concerning the further development of work safety regulations involving airway-sensitizing substances. Technical directives on hazardous substances are enforced in several countries and are being continuously updated. The European Union has established a code ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/1097-0274(200008)38:2<164::aid-ajim7>3.0.c
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess changes in work characteristics, socioeconomic status inequalities in changes in work characteristics, and whether US workplaces are becoming more stressful. METHODS:We analyzed data from 5361 employed participants from the 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014 NIOSH Quality of Work Life Surveys, based on re...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.22971
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 15 random autopsies, nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) were determined quantitatively by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in human lung tissue to evaluate norm values. None of the deceased persons had had an occupational exposure to Cr or Ni or their compounds. In all, 22 tissue samples were taken from each lung at...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700120107
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Several case-control studies have found an association between chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and HLA-DPB1 gene variants. However, the relationship between HLA-DPB1 and beryllium sensitization, and whether the presence of one or two HLA-DPB1(Glu69) alleles is differentially associated with CBD and beryllium...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1002/ajim.20045
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A one-year prospective survey was conducted to study the incidence of and potential risk factors for farm-related injuries in Eastern Ontario. One hundred and seventeen dairy and beef farms were surveyed using a personal interview. Information was collected on demographic characteristics of the farm owners, workers, a...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700210503
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data were collected on 228 consecutive back injuries in Boston's General Mail Facility and 228 non-injured controls drawn randomly from each case's work unit, matching on craft (clerk, mailhandler, maintenance), shift, and general supervisor. Data were collected on age, gender, duration of employment, 3 year history o...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700200406
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness induced by methylene diphenyldiisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) at a petrochemical industry complex in Korea. METHODS:Questionnaires, allergic skin test, and nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(200006)37:6<663::aid-ajim1
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A joint study on effects of formaldehyde exposure in industrial populations by the National Cancer Institute and the Formaldehyde Institute, Inc. (Blair et al. [1986]: J Natl Cancer Inst 76: 1071-1084; Blair and Stewart [1989]: J Occup Med 31: 881, Blair et al. [1990]: Am J Ind Med 17:683-700) reported no significant ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700250413
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Construction is a dangerous industry with a large number of small businesses. Because they require minimal resources to deliver, toolbox talks may be an ideal training format for small construction contractors. METHODS:Eight toolbox talks were developed, each with two versions. One version of each toolbox t...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1002/ajim.22919
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of hand paresthesias (HP) and their relationship with pruning activities. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 537 workers pruning grapevines in the region of Champagne. All workers completed a questionnaire about nocturnal HP and musculoskele...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.10012
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In view of the increasing incidence of diseases such as gastritis and ulcers in workers exposed to noise, we assessed whether noise does in fact affect gastric secretion. Then, considering the conflicting findings published on the effects of noise on gastric secretion, we also investigated whether the response was rel...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700260310
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite the human and monetary costs of occupational injury and illness, occupational health care has focused more on treatment than prevention, and prevention is not part of many clinical occupational health practices. This represents a failure of occupational health care to meet the health care needs of th...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.1105
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although OSHA promulgates standards for chemical exposures on the basis of workers' relative risk of acquiring chronic disease, it interprets the limits as absolute levels never to be exceeded. This poses a dilemma to the gathering of useful information which can be used to assess and reduce exposures, because employe...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700060407
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies have documented high rates of asthma symptoms among responders to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster. However, whether there are increased rates of asthma among responders compared to the general population is unknown. METHODS:The study population consisted of a prospective cohort of 20,834 respo...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.21025
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Exposure to disinfectants among healthcare workers has been associated with respiratory health effects, in particular, asthma. However, most studies are cross-sectional and the role of disinfectant exposures in asthma development requires longitudinal studies. We investigated the association between occupati...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.23067
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the course of a health screening for construction carpenters, 127 subjects underwent blood lead testing, administration of detailed questionnaires, and in vivo measurement of bone lead levels with a 109Cd K-X-ray fluorescence (K-XRF) instrument. The mean age of subjects was 48.5 (SD = 9.8) years. Blood lead levels ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700260211
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chest radiographs, taken at a 9-year interval for 1,261 U.S. coal miners, were read for pneumoconiosis side-by-side by six readers in a controlled trial. Incidence and progression of small, rounded opacities were consistent with levels predicted from dose-response curves developed by the British Pneumoconiosis Field R...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700060604
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The healthy survivor effect is a selection process whereby healthy workers are selectively retained in the work force while unhealthy workers are removed. Understanding this phenomenon is integral to the accurate assessment of exposure effects in occupational cohorts. To date, scarce information has been pub...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199904)35:4<343::aid-ajim4
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between the time-weighted average intensity of exposure to toluene and o-cresol concentration in shift-end urine was investigated in nearly 500 factory workers of both sexes in China, together with a similar number of nonexposed control subjects. Toluene concentration (25 ppm as geometric mean and 550...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700250509
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that older farmers and farm workers have been identified at high risk for farm fatalities, most notably involving tractor overturns. Older farmers also incur more severe non-fatal injuries. METHODS:Data from two national surveillance systems are presented to describe fatal and no...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.20661
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
