Abstract:
:Chitooligosaccharides, the oligomers made up of beta-1,4-linked D-glucosamine, are obtained by partial hydrolysis of chitosan, a deacetylation product of chitin. The antioxidant activity of various chitooligosaccharides was tested in vitro with aminoguanidine, pyridoxamine, and Trolox as reference compounds. Hydroxylation of benzoate to salicylate by H2O2 in the presence of Cu(2+) was effectively inhibited by chitobiose, chitotriose, aminoguanidine, pyridoxamine, and Trolox (their IC(50) values=18, 80, 85, 10, and 95 microM, respectively), whereas glucosamine and N-acetylchito-oligosaccharides (di-N-acetylchitobiose and tri-N-acetylchitotriose) did not show any inhibitory activity. Chitobiose and chitotriose were more potent than the 3 reference compounds in scavenging hydroxyl radicals produced by photolysis of zinc oxide: IC(50) values of the 2 oligomers were 30 and 55 microM, respectively. Such a scavenging activity of these 2 chitooligomers was also shown by the use of another system, a mixture of Fe(3+)/EDTA/ascorbate/H2O2, for producing hydroxyl radicals. Only chitobiose and Trolox, of the 10 compounds tested, had the ability to scavenge superoxide radicals generated by a non-enzymatic system using phenazine methosulfate and NADH. Taken together with our unpublished observation that chitobiose and chitotriose are appreciably absorbed from the intestine of rats, the present results suggest that these 2 chitooligosaccharides would act as effective antioxidants in vivo when orally ingested.
journal_name
Biol Pharm Bulljournal_title
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletinauthors
Chen AS,Taguchi T,Sakai K,Kikuchi K,Wang MW,Miwa Idoi
10.1248/bpb.26.1326subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-09-01 00:00:00pages
1326-30issue
9eissn
0918-6158issn
1347-5215journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Feast/famine regulatory proteins (FFRPs) comprise a single group of transcription factors systematically distributed throughout archaea and eubacteria. In the eubacterial domain in Escherichia coli, autotrophic pathways are activated and heterotrophic pathways are repressed by an FFRP, the leucine-responsive regulator...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.31.173
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tissue distribution and disposition of carnitine, which plays an important role in the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial inner membrane for beta-oxidation, are well controlled by carnitine transporter organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2). Since little information is available o...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.31.1230
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro release of bumetanide from macrogol suppositories with and without weak acids (citric acid and tartaric acid) was studied. The release of bumetanide was not affected when weak acids were added to the suppositories. The in vivo rectal absorption of bumetanide from the suppositories was evaluated in rabbits...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.16.263
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in carbonyl reductase (CR) activity towards seven substrates in adrenal glands of female rats were investigated during estrous cycle and the circadian patterns of adrenal CR activity towards seven substrates in male rats were examined. The localization of the enzyme protein in the adrenal gland was carried out...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.18.671
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapamycin (Rap) has been demonstrated to affect lipid metabolism through stimulating lipolysis, inhibiting de novo lipogenesis and reducing adiposity. In the present study, we investigated rapamycin exposure's influence on adipose tissue browning in high-fat diet-induced fatty mice. Four-week old C57BL/6J mice were fe...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.b16-00946
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated whether poly-L-arginine (PLA) could improve permeation of the hydrophilic compounds, FITC-labeled dextran (MW 3800, FD-4) and pyridoxamine, through ocular surface tissues. Samples of cornea, conjunctiva, or conjunctiva/sclera composite from Japanese white rabbits were mounted in Ussing chambers to meas...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.29.155
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a set of pathological conditions that result in the destruction of glomeruli and loss of renal function, commonly leading to the development of end-stage renal disease. Current pharmacotherapy is limited to immunosuppressive therapy. In the present study, we found a novel antinephritic effec...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.b15-00124
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A possible evaluation technique was devised for examing timely cholesterol synthetic activity in the rat liver. The principle of the technique is to measure the incorporation rate of 14C atoms into a few target metabolites excreted in bile with time after an intraportal injection of [1,2-14C] acetate to the conscious ...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.18.1467
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aconitine administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) produces bradycardia mainly by a central muscarinic action. The involvement of hypothalamic regions in the occurrence of aconitine-induced bradycardia was investigated in hypothalamus-lesioned mice. The lesions were made by passing a direct current (1.5 mA, 13 s) through...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.20.856
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polysaccharides are involved in biological responses and can activate complement system, which plays an important role in primary host defense mechanisms. We investigated anticomplementary activities from spice plants and selected thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) as a potent complementary activator. Acidic polysaccharide (T...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.24.941
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examine the pharmacokinetic profile of cyclosporin A (CyA) after intravenous administration to rats prepared as models of various disease states found in patients who receive organ transplantations. After intravenous bolus administration to normal rats, the total blood clearance (CLt) of CyA showed a dose-dependent...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.16.1130
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The uric acid concentration in blood has been widely accepted as a diagnostic indicator of hyperuricemia and gout, and its assay method is well established. In the present study, we developed a simple and rapid method for the determination of uric acid in hair, which can be obtained non-invasively. The concentration (...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.21.398
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on longevity and learning and memory performances were studied in the senescence accelerated mouse (SAM). A solid diet containing 2% (w/w) AGE was given to SAM from 2 months of age. The survival ratio of SAM P8, senescence accelerated animals, treated with AGE was significantly...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.17.1589
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to reveal the effectiveness of the polymer coated liposomes as a carrier of the anticancer drug doxorubicin in intravenous administration. The size controlled doxorubicin-loaded liposomes (egg phosphatidylcholine : cholesterol = 1:1 in molar ratio) were coated with hydrophilic polymers (p...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.24.795
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To explore the role of the abnormal expression of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) in isoniazid (INH)-induced liver injury, we assessed the liver injury induced by INH in rats and HepG2 cells in vitro. The regulatory pathways via Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.b18-00028
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was performed to investigate the effects of histamine H(1)-antagonists on the sleep-awake state in rats placed on a grid suspended over water in comparison with rats placed on sawdust. When rats were placed on the grid suspended over water, significant increases in the awake time and decreases in non...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.32.51
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured the activity and stability of three mannosyltransferases to ascertain the mechanisms of changes in the antigenicity and the mannan structure of Candida albicans cells cultured at high temperature (37 degrees C) under acidic (pH 2.0) conditions in a liquid medium. The alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase (alpha-1,...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.31.1333
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied in vitro metabolites of 2,4,6,2',4',6'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB, IUPAC PCB No. 155) produced by liver microsomes of a phenobarbital (PB)-treated beagle dog. The major metabolites were 3-hydroxy-2,4,6,2',4',6'-HCB (M-1), 4-hydroxy-2,6,2',4',6'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PenCB, M-2) and 3,4-dihydroxy-2,6,2',4',6'-Pe...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.16.852
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) is responsible for the active transport of L-glutamate into synaptic vesicles and, thus, plays an essential role in the glutamatergic chemical transmission in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Recent studies indicated that VGLUT is also expressed and localized in vario...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1248/bpb.31.1844
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::All living organisms on earth are composed of L-amino acids and D-sugars. Therefore the presence and function of D-amino acids in living organisms have not been studied. Recently, however, D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) which is a D-amino acid, has been detected in various proteins from human tissue samples such as eye lens,...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1248/bpb.28.1585
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress is recognized as an important mediator of brain disorders. Nevertheless, there are few antioxidants approved for brain diseases. There are two types of mechanisms as antioxidant systems in vivo, antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidants are consumed by the reaction with reactive oxygen specie...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1248/bpb.b17-00091
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sauchinone, a biologically active lignan found in Saururus chinensis (Saururaceae), exerts various biological activities against jaundice, inflammatory disease, hepatic steatosis, and oxidative injury. Despite its diverse applications, there exists some information about sauchinone's pharmacokinetics but its tissue di...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.b14-00524
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) via cytochrome enzymes such as CYP 2C9, 2C8 and 2J2. EETs play a role in cardioprotection and regulation of blood pressure. Recently, adverse reactions such as sudden heart attack and fatal myocardial infarction were reported among patients takin...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.b15-00577
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of various surfactants and protease inhibitors on the nasal absorption of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) were examined in rats. No effects of bile salts and acids such as sodium glycocholate or taurocholic acid, amphoteric surfactants such as lauryldimethyl betaine, or an...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.17.1375
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of sesamol and 20 related compounds on the lipid peroxidation of liposomes induced by Fe(2)+, on the lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes induced by CCl(4) or NADPH and on the lipid peroxidation of mitochondria induced by ascorbate/Fe(2)+ were demonstrated. Consequently, sesamol and related compounds,...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.19.623
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inhibitory effects of a potent nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), on 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG)-induced hyperglycemia were investigated in rats. L-NAME significantly inhibited 2-DG-induced hyperglycemia, although N(G)-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME) did not affe...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.20.1307
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a previous study we found that 50% ethanol extracts of immature fruits of Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin) have anti-allergic effects against the Type I, II and IV allergic reactions. However, many adverse interactions between citrus fruit, especially grapefruit juice, and drugs have been reported due to the inhibi...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.31.925
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Continuous oral administration of the acidic polysaccharide (TAP) solution (0.5 g/l) and the TAP-H (degradation products of TAP) solution (1.5 g/l) instead of water for 10 weeks were found to depress plasma glucose increases in diabetes using genetically non-insulin-dependent diabetic model (KK-Ay) mice. TAP and TAP-H...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.24.1400
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the quantitative analysis of saikosaponins from Radix Bupleuri in China was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. Saikosaponin-a and -d were converted completely into saikosaponin-b1 and -b2 by mild acid treatment. Distinctive measuring of these converted diene-saponins provided a rapid a...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.28.1736
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was conducted to determine the beneficial effects of treating digestive disorders of (6E,12E)-tetradecadiene-8,10-diyne-1,3-diol diacetate (TDEYA) detected in the plasma in hydrolyzed form: (6E,12E)-tetradecadiene-8,10-diyne-1,3-diol (TDEY), following the oral administration of a decoction of Atractylodes r...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.17.1364
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00