Abstract：
:The complementary learning systems framework provides a simple set of principles, derived from converging biological, psychological and computational constraints, for understanding the differential contributions of the neocortex and hippocampus to learning and memory. The central principles are that the neocortex has a low learning rate and uses overlapping distributed representations to extract the general statistical structure of the environment, whereas the hippocampus learns rapidly using separated representations to encode the details of specific events while minimizing interference. In recent years, we have instantiated these principles in working computational models, and have used these models to address human and animal learning and memory findings, across a wide range of domains and paradigms. Here, we review a few representative applications of our models, focusing on two domains: recognition memory and animal learning in the fear-conditioning paradigm. In both domains, the models have generated novel predictions that have been tested and confirmed.
journal_name
Trends Cogn Scijournal_title
Trends in cognitive sciencesauthors
O'Reilly RC,Norman KAdoi
10.1016/s1364-6613(02)02005-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-12-01 00:00:00pages
505-510issue
12eissn
1364-6613issn
1879-307Xpii
S1364661302020053journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Recent discoveries about the neural system and cellular mechanisms in pathways mediating classical fear conditioning have provided a foundation for pursuing concurrent connectionist models of this form of emotional learning. The models described are constrained by the known anatomy underlying the behavior being simula...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S1364-6613(97)01007-3
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to predict the likelihood of an aversive event is an important adaptive capacity. Certainty and uncertainty regarding pain cause different adaptive behavior, emotional states, attentional focus, and perceptual changes. Recent functional neuroimaging studies indicate that certain and uncertain expectation a...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00061-5
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive neuroscience investigations of self-experience have mainly focused on the mental attribution of features to the self (self-related processing). In this paper, we highlight another fundamental, yet neglected, aspect of self-experience, that of being an agent. We propose that this aspect of self-experience dep...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2011.01.001
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Young children exhibit several deficits in reasoning about their own and other people's mental states. We propose that these deficits, along with more subtle limitations in adults' social-cognitive reasoning, are all manifestations of the same cognitive bias. This is the 'curse of knowledge' - a tendency to be biased ...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2004.04.011
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Does self-motion affect object recognition? Researchers have long studied how 3-D objects are recognized from different points of view, but have disregarded the observers' own movement by keeping them motionless. A recent study by Simons et al. shows that self-motion cannot be ignored, as it changes the way that objec...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(02)02023-5
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:"Executive function" is an umbrella term for functions such as planning, working memory, impulse control, inhibition and mental flexibility, as well as for the initiation and monitoring of action. The primacy of executive dysfunction in autism is a topic of much debate, as are recent attempts to examine subtypes of ex...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2003.11.003
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Researchers have examined representations of the body in the adult brain but relatively little attention has been paid to ontogenetic aspects of neural body maps in human infants. Novel applications of methods for recording brain activity in infants are delineating cortical body maps in the first months of life. Body ...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2015.06.012
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When a brief flash appears at the same position as a moving object, the flash is perceived to lag behind. This so-called flash-lag effect tells us something about the perception of space and time: where is the moving object when the flash appears? A recent paper by Alais and Burr on auditory and crossmodal flash-lag e...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00133-5
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new class of visuomotor neuron has been recently discovered in the monkey's premotor cortex: mirror neurons. These neurons respond both when a particular action is performed by the recorded monkey and when the same action, performed by another individual, is observed. Mirror neurons appear to form a cortical system ...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(98)01262-5
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synaesthesia has been known to scientific research for over 100 years but has undergone something of a renaissance recently as new investigations begin to uncover its neurological basis. Rather than being an anomaly, it might offer beneficial insights into the basis of normal perception. A new study by Esterman et al....
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2006.06.004
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The perirhinal cortex is known to play a role in recognition memory and visual perception of objects. A recent single-unit recording study adds to our understanding of perirhinal cortex function, suggesting that it may also play a role in evaluating the significance of objects in a context-dependent manner. ...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2015.04.008
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Katz and colleagues demonstrate that inactivating the primate lateral intraparietal area (LIP) spares visual motion decisions, even though these same decisions strongly modulate LIP neurons. This work is the latest addition to an intense effort spanning sensory modalities, animals, and techniques to understand which s...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2016.09.005
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics. TS is associated with impairments in behavioral inhibition, dysfunctional signaling of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and alterations in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory influences within brain networks implicated i...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2015.08.006
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of language change have begun to contribute to answering several pressing questions in cognitive sciences, including the origins of human language capacity, the social construction of cognition and the mechanisms underlying culture change in general. Here, we describe recent advances within a new emerging fram...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2009.08.008
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Basic cognitive functions, such as the abilities to activate, represent, maintain, focus and process information, decline with age. A paradigm shift towards cross-level conceptions is needed in order to obtain an integrative understanding of cognitive aging phenomena that cuts across neural, information-processing, an...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01769-1
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Music and speech share many acoustic cues but not all are equally important. For example, harmonic pitch is essential for music but not for speech. When birds communicate is their song more like speech or music? A new study contrasting pitch and spectral patterns shows that birds perceive their song more like humans p...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2016.02.004
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A persistent metaphor in decision-making research casts people as intuitive statisticians. Popular explanations based on this metaphor assume that the way in which people represent the environment is specified and fixed a priori. A major flaw in this account is that it is not clear how people know what aspects of an e...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2020.09.005
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has long been debated whether eye movements play a functional role in visual mental imagery. A recent paper by Laeng and Teodorescu presents new evidence that eye movements are stored as a spatial index that is used to arrange the component parts correctly when mental images are generated. ...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(02)01931-9
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Frames of reference are coordinate systems used to compute and specify the location of objects with respect to other objects. These have long been thought of as innate concepts, built into our neurocognition. However, recent work shows that the use of such frames in language, cognition and gesture varies cross-cultura...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2004.01.003
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:How do we decide what we perceive? Obviously, we base our decisions on sensory evidence. However, a new and surprising study by Hagura et al. shows that our perceptual decisions are also biased by the action costs that are associated with our decisions. ...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2017.03.006
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A fundamental question of human episodic memory concerns the cognitive and neural representations and processes that give rise to the neural signals of memory. By integrating behavioral tests, formal computational models, and neural measures of brain activity patterns, recent studies suggest that memory signals not on...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2018.03.004
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many everyday thoughts and actions are shaped not only by our direct relationships with others, but also by our knowledge of relations between third-parties. Lau et al. recently demonstrated how knowledge of one type of social relation - interpersonal similarity - shapes cognition and behavior, and shed light on the n...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2020.05.002
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Saccadic eye movements cause frequent and substantial displacements of the retinal image, but those displacements go unnoticed. It has been widely assumed that this perceived stability emerges from the shifting of visual receptive fields from their current, presaccadic locations to their future, postsaccadic locations...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2014.10.002
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the widespread implementation of social distancing measures. Adhering to social distancing may be particularly challenging for adolescents, for whom interaction with peers is especially important. We argue that young people's capacity to encourage each o...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2020.05.001
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The domain-general learning mechanisms elicited in incidental learning situations are of potential interest in many research fields, including language acquisition, object knowledge formation and motor learning. They have been the focus of studies on implicit learning for nearly 40 years. Stemming from a different res...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2006.03.006
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The natural ecology of human language is face-to-face interaction comprising the exchange of a plethora of multimodal signals. Trying to understand the psycholinguistic processing of language in its natural niche raises new issues, first and foremost the binding of multiple, temporally offset signals under tight time ...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2019.05.006
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia is one of the most debilitating of all common brain disorders, exacting a heavy toll on the afflicted and having a tremendous public health impact. Clinical outcome is more strongly predicted by cognitive deficits than psychotic symptoms, with no established treatment for these deficits. In this review, ...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.017
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conditioning, how animals learn to associate two or more events, is one of the most influential paradigms in learning theory. It is nevertheless unclear how current models of associative learning can accommodate complex phenomena without ad hoc representational assumptions. We propose to embrace deep neural networks t...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2017.06.001
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent study by Zhang and Gläscher (2020) in humans examines learning from one's own versus others' actions under reward uncertainty. Comparing findings from this and non-human studies on learning under perceptual uncertainty suggests a unified role for confidence in learning under different types of uncertainty acr...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2020.09.011
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding a sentence requires a working memory of the partial products of comprehension, so that linguistic relations between temporally distal parts of the sentence can be rapidly computed. We describe an emerging theoretical framework for this working memory system that incorporates several independently motivat...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2006.08.007
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
