Abstract:
:Reversible phosphorylation is a key mechanism for regulating the biological activity of many human proteins that affect a diverse array of cellular processes, including protein-protein interactions, gene transcription, cell-cycle progression and apoptosis. Once viewed as simple house keeping enzymes, recent studies have made it eminently clear that, like their kinase counterparts, protein phosphatases are dynamic and highly regulated enzymes. Therefore, the development of compounds that alter the activity of specific phosphatases is rapidly emerging as an important area in drug discovery. Because >98% of protein phosphorylation occurs on serine and threonine residues, the identification of agents that alter the activity of specific serine/threonine phosphatases seems especially promising for drug development in the future. This review is focused on the enzymes encoded by the PPP-gene family, which includes PP1, PP2A, PP2B, PP4, PP5, PP6 and PP7. The structure/functions of human phosphatases will be addressed briefly, as will the natural product inhibitors of PP1-PP6 (e.g. okadaic acid, microcystins, nodularin, cantharidin, calyculin A, tautomycin, and fostriecin). The development of chimeric antisense oligonucleotides that support RNAase H mediated degradation of the targeted mRNA has resulted in compounds capable of specifically suppressing the expression of PP5 (ISIS 15534) and PP1gamma 1 (ISIS 14435) in human cells. Such compounds have already proven useful for the validation of drug targets, and if difficulties associated with systemic delivery of antisense oligonucleotides can be overcome, antisense is poised to have a major impact on the clinical management of many human disorders.
journal_name
Curr Med Chemjournal_title
Current medicinal chemistryauthors
Honkanen RE,Golden Tdoi
10.2174/0929867023368836subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-11-01 00:00:00pages
2055-75issue
22eissn
0929-8673issn
1875-533Xjournal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The identification and characterisation of the isoenzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) stimulated investigations to develop efficient non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side effects compared to standard NSAIDs. This review will focus on the structural features needed to achieve COX-2 selectivity. Five struc...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
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journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
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更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
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更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chemokine receptor, CXCR4, is a GPCR that transduces signals of its endogenous ligand, CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor-1, SDF-1). The CXCL12-CXCR4 system plays an important role in the migration of progenitors during embryologic development of the cardiovascular, hemopoietic, central nervous systems, etc. This...
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journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
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journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
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更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last decade, drug resistant invasive mycoses have become significantly more common and new antifungal drugs and ways to specifically deliver them to the fungal cell are being looked for. One of the biggest obstacles in finding such comes from the fact that fungi share essential metabolic pathways with humans. O...
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更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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abstract::Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the administration of a photosensitizer (PS) followed by illumination with visible light, leading to generation of reactive oxygen species. The mechanisms of resistance to PDT ascribed to the PS may be shared with the general mechanisms of drug resistance, and are related to altered...
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更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To date, many scientific attempts have been directed towards the development of experimental models for the identification of neuronal mechanisms evoking cardiovascular and hemodynamic dysfunctions. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), a genetic model of essential hypertension, has become a valuable rodent for th...
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更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The glomerulonephritides are a collection of separate diseases with differing pathogeneses that collectively are common and important causes of renal disease. Effective, non-toxic immunomodulatory treatments for glomerulonephritis are lacking. This review will focus on our understanding of the role of leukocytes in im...
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更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteogenic peptides are, or have potential to be, therapies for the treatment of osteoporosis, fracture repair, and repair of loosened bone implants. Human parathyroid hormone has been approved for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Constrained analogs of PTH and the parathyroid-hormone related peptide (PT...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
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更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-loaded nanoparticles have shown great potential in the study of carriers for disease-targeting drug delivery. Drug-loaded nanoparticles are excellent in keeping the drug in the systemic circulation for a prolonged period of time, introducing targeting molecules to improve targeting efficiency and to reduce side e...
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更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00