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Intraocular penetration and systemic absorption after topical application of dexamethasone disodium phosphate.

Abstract：

PURPOSE:To study the dexamethasone concentration in aqueous humor, vitreous, and serum of patients after repeated topical application of dexamethasone disodium phosphate. DESIGN:Prospective nonrandomized comparative trial. PARTICIPANTS:Twenty phakic patients scheduled for a first vitrectomy. METHODS:All participants received dexamethasone disodium phosphate drops according to an application schedule intended to result in steady-state drug concentrations. Starting on the preoperative day, they received 1 drop of dexamethasone disodium phosphate (0.1%) every 1 hours until the time of vitrectomy (total, 10 or 11 drops). At night, ointment containing dexamethasone (0.3 mg/g) and gentamicin (5 mg/g) was administered once. From 7 AM on, the drop application schedule was resumed. At the start of the vitrectomy, samples were taken from the aqueous humor, vitreous, and blood. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The dexamethasone concentrations in the aqueous humor, vitreous, and serum measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:The mean dexamethasone concentrations in the aqueous humor, vitreous, and serum were 30.5 ng/ml (range, 7.1-57.7; standard deviation [SD] 15.0), 1.1 ng/ml (range, 0.0-1.6; SD 0.4), and 0.7 ng/ml (range, 0.0-1.2; SD 0.4), respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Compared with previously tested administration routes (peribulbar or subconjunctival injection or oral administration), the penetration of dexamethasone into the vitreous after repeated drop application is negligible. Despite the frequent dosing schedule, the dexamethasone concentration in the aqueous humor is far lower than after a subconjunctival injection with dexamethasone disodium phosphate. Systemic uptake is low.

journal_name

Ophthalmology

journal_title

Ophthalmology

authors

Weijtens O,Schoemaker RC,Romijn FP,Cohen AF,Lentjes EG,van Meurs JC

doi

10.1016/s0161-6420(02)01176-4

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2002-10-01 00:00:00

pages

1887-91

issue

10

eissn

0161-6420

issn

1549-4713

pii

S0161-6420(02)01176-4

journal_volume

109

pub_type

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