Use of alternative specimens: drugs of abuse in saliva and doping agents in hair.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals show large interindividual variation in response to antiretroviral therapy. Efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP) are nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which are prescribed in combination with other antiretroviral therapy in so-called highl...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Heil SG,van der Ende ME,Schenk PW,van der Heiden I,Lindemans J,Burger D,van Schaik RH

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Whole blood steady-state trough concentrations of cyclosporine were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and TDx assays employing monoclonal antibodies in 82 samples from 39 renal transplant patients. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation for the new TDx technique averaged 3.2 and 5.4%, respectively. In the co...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Klotz U

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pentobarbital serum concentrations associated with a high-dose therapeutic regimen were determined using EMIT immunoassay reagents. Replicate analyses of serum controls resulted in a within-assay coefficient of variation of 5.0% and a between-assay coefficient of variation of 10%. Regression analysis of 44 serum sampl...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Pape BE,Cary PL,Clay LC,Godolphin W

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:This naturalistic therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dosage, serum concentration, and clinical outcome in children and adolescents treated with the serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline for different indications. METHODS:Steady-state trough serum concentratio...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Taurines R,Burger R,Wewetzer C,Pfuhlmann B,Mehler-Wex C,Gerlach M,Egberts K

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Dolutegravir (DTG) is an integrase strand transfer inhibitor, which is a newly approved antiretroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV-infected naive and experienced individuals. Many aspects of DTG pharmacology remain to be studied. Our aim was to develop and fully validate a robust analytical method for...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Wang X,Penchala SD,Amara A,Else L,McClure M,Boffito M

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral pulsed high-dose dexamethasone were studied in four patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Doses for dexamethasone were varied from 100 to 300 mg. Serum concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure with diode assay detection. Bioavailability was ...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Tóth GG,Kloosterman C,Uges DR,Jonkman MF

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycophenolate mofetil, the oral prodrug of mycophenolic acid, is indicated as immunosuppressive therapy after renal transplantation. To aid in the investigation of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of mycophenolic acid in the clinical setting, limited blood sampling strategies have been proposed, and model...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Willis C,Taylor PJ,Salm P,Tett SE,Pillans PI

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of methotrexate (MTX) in biological fluids is described. The assay is rapid, the time required for analysis is less than 30 min, and it is sensitive, up to 0.01 microgram/ml, which is three times below the toxic MTX concentration. Fift...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Najjar TA,Matar KM,Alfawaz IM

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eight subjects were studied in a randomized crossover design to determine the effect of aluminum-magnesium hydroxide (AMH), calcium carbonate (CC), and aluminum hydroxide-magnesium trisilicate (AHMT) on the bioavailability of a single, 600-mg dose of phenytoin administered orally. Each subject received phenytoin alone...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Carter BL,Garnett WR,Pellock JM,Stratton MA,Howell JR

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Beta-lactams are first-line antibiotics for the management of superficial infections due to burn injury. There is sparse data available on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in patients with burns in a ward setting. This study was conducted to evaluate the utility of a beta-lactam TDM program in a cohort of b...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Patel BM,Paratz J,See NC,Muller MJ,Rudd M,Paterson D,Briscoe SE,Ungerer J,McWhinney BC,Lipman J,Roberts JA

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have suggested previously that acute tolerance to the chronotropic effect of cocaine develops and that tolerance is incomplete, such that the heart-rate decline in the presence of stable plasma cocaine concentrations approaches a plateau that exceeds the baseline heart rate. One possible mechanism for heart-rate de...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Ambre JJ

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has largely improved in the biopharmaceutical era. These compounds, primarily tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, are effective, but some patients may show poor response, sometimes because of the presence of antidrug antibodies (ADAs). In some instances, clinicians may in...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Medina F,Plasencia C,Goupille P,Ternant D,Balsa A,Mulleman D

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors describe a rapid, useful, specific, and very sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of fluvastatin (FV) level using atorvastatin as the internal standard (IS). After a simple deproteinization of 1.0 mL of plasma with acetonitrile, the drug and IS were extracted with t...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Al-Rawithi S,Hussein RF,Alzahrani A

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interlaboratory variability in the assay of theophylline and various anticonvulsant drugs was evaluated in a 16-month prospective study by using two independent experimental approaches: (a) a conventional method based on the distribution of quality control (QC) lyophilized human sera spiked with the test drugs (ph...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors：

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoenzyme metabolic activity varies between individuals and is therefore a possible candidate of influence on the therapeutic outcome of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Skoglund K,Richter J,Olsson-Strömberg U,Bergquist J,Aluthgedara W,Ubhayasekera SJ,Vikingsson S,Svedberg A,Söderlund S,Sandstedt A,Johnsson A,Aagesen J,Alsenhed J,Hägg S,Peterson C,Lotfi K,Gréen H

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Major advances in immunosuppression and reductions in the rates of acute rejection have led to increasing graft and patient survival rates during the past two decades. Chronic dysfunction of the renal allograft, however, remains a major clinical problem and probably represents the end result of the complex interplay b...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Kaplan B,Srinivas TR,Meier-Kriesche HU

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Iron overload resulting from transfusion dependency in some patients with chronic anaemia can be prevented by chelation. Deferasirox is an oral alternative to the well studied but inconvenient deferroxamine therapy. The pharmacokinetic parameters of this new drug suggest potential interindividual variability and patie...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Chauzit E,Bouchet S,Micheau M,Mahon FX,Moore N,Titier K,Molimard M

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sirolimus is a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor that is being used to prevent organ rejection in kidney transplant patients often in combination with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs; cyclosporine and tacrolimus). All 3 drugs are metabolized primarily by CYP3As. Clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) studie...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Emoto C,Vinks AA,Fukuda T

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors refer to their experience with alternative matrices to supervise the methadone therapy of heroin abusers. For this purpose, hair, sweat, and urine samples were collected from 10 heroin addicts and from a control group and were submitted to gas chromatographic/mass spectroscopic analysis for methadone and i...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Fucci N,De Giovanni N

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After observing the phenomenon clinically, seven post-hemodialysis patients were studied for a rebound effect of gentamicin levels. Serum gentamicin levels were obtained immediately after dialysis and 1 hr postdialysis. An average 25.7% rebound occurred in the serum levels. A slow redistribution of gentamicin out of t...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Bauer LA

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure for the determination of sulforidazine in human plasma was developed using an antiserum raised in rabbits immunized with N-(2-carboxyethyl)desmethylsulforidazine-porcine thyroglobulin conjugate. The RIA procedure can measure as low as 40 pg of sulforidazine in a 200-microliter human ...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Chakraborty BS,Hawes EM,Midha KK

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Nivolumab is a fully humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that targets the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor, disrupting PD-1-mediated signaling and restoring antitumor immunity. The objective of this study was to develop a nivolumab quantification method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Irie K,Okada A,Yamasaki Y,Kokan C,Hata A,Kaji R,Fukushima K,Sugioka N,Okada Y,Katakami N,Fukushima S

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A population analysis of the kinetics of lithium was performed from experimental and observational data in 113 subjects in order to propose a new approach for lithium dosage individualization. The kinetics of lithium is described by a two-compartment model. Age, body weight, height, and serum creatinine are included a...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Taright N,Mentré F,Mallet A,Jouvent R

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in combination with either cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (TRL) on whole-blood lymphocyte function was assessed in vitro as well as in vivo. For the in vitro studies, rat whole blood was incubated with different concentrations of MPA together with CsA or TRL. In vivo, rats (n = ...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Barten MJ,Shipkova M,Bartsch P,Dhein S,Streit F,Tarnok A,Armstrong VW,Mohr FW,Oellerich M,Gummert JF

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With the introduction of a cyclosporin monitoring strategy based on the use of a sample collected 2 hours after dosing (C2) rather than the predose sample (C0), there was concern that the differences in blood cyclosporin results from the various assay systems would result in assay-specific target ranges for C2 monitor...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Johnston A,Chusney G,Schütz E,Oellerich M,Lee TD,Holt DW

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is an excellent example of an enzyme whose pharmacogenetic polymorphisms affect efficacy and toxicity of a drug. The association between TPMT activity and thiopurine-related myelosuppression is well recognized. To study the significance of TPMT deficiency in thiopurine m...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Misdaq M,Andag R,Oellerich M,Asif AR,von Ahsen N

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are data suggesting an association between mycophenolic acid (MPA) levels and acute rejection and toxicity in renal transplant recipients treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and therefore, knowledge of factors determining MPA levels may aid in accurate adjustment of MMF dosage. A total of 4970 samples take...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Borrows R,Chusney G,James A,Stichbury J,Van Tromp J,Cairns T,Griffith M,Hakim N,McLean A,Palmer A,Papalois V,Taube D

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is the first drug approved for the prevention of renal allograft rejection in the United States in the last 10 years. MMF is the morpholinoethyl ester of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and is a selective, reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), an enzyme that is critic...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Pirsch JD,Sollinger HW

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Desmopressin (D-amino D-arginine vasopressin: dDAVP) is used for the treatment of patients with hemophilia A and Von Willebrand disease. Studies on the rationale of dosing are scarce and mainly focus on the underlying causes of the vast differences in desmopressin response among individuals. The aim of this ...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： de Jager NCB,Heijdra JM,Pistorius M,Kruip MJHA,Leebeek FWG,Cnossen MH,Mathôt RAA

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of plasma exchange (PE) on the pharmacokinetics of flumequine (Apurone) was studied in eight patients receiving a single oral dose of 800 mg. The maximum concentration (38 micrograms/ml) and time to maximum concentration (2.6 h) values were not significantly altered by PE beginning 3 h after administration ...

journal_title：Therapeutic drug monitoring

authors： Royer-Morrot MJ,Gérard A,Zhiri A,Schooneman F,Dureux JB,Royer RJ

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00