Abstract:
:Regulated exocytosis forms the basis for many intercellular signaling processes, for example, in hormone secretion or neurotransmitter release. During regulated exocytosis, the membrane of a secretory vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane in a tightly controlled reaction that is most often triggered by calcium. Recent advances have allowed major insights into the molecular mechanisms that mediate regulated exocytosis. In the present review, we will briefly discuss two key features of regulated exocytosis that have been particularly well studied recently. First, we will examine the current understanding of the membrane fusion reaction that underlies regulated exocytosis and that is effected by SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) and munc18-like proteins similar to other membrane fusion reactions. Second, we will describe the role of the major candidates for the calcium sensors that trigger exocytosis, a protein family called synaptotagmins. Although our understanding of regulated exocytosis is as yet incomplete, the results from the studies of SNAREs, munc18s, and synaptotagmins have provided a molecular anchor for a more complete future description.
journal_name
Diabetesjournal_title
Diabetesauthors
Gerber SH,Südhof TCdoi
10.2337/diabetes.51.2007.s3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-02-01 00:00:00pages
S3-11eissn
0012-1797issn
1939-327Xjournal_volume
51 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
DIABETES文献大全abstract::We investigated the mechanism of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F (hnRNP F) renoprotective action in a type 2 diabetes (T2D) mouse model (db/db). Immortalized rat renal proximal tubular cells (IRPTCs) and kidneys from humans with T2D were also studied. The db/db mice developed hyperglycemia, oxidative stress,...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db16-1588
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) is now at global pandemic levels causing significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with diabetes are particularly vulnerable and more likely to get severe complications when infected with this vi...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/dbi20-0022
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:On the basis of the role of activin A in inflammation, atherogenesis, and glucose homeostasis, we investigated whether activin A could be related to glucometabolic abnormalities in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:Activin A measurement and oral glucose tolerance tes...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db10-1493
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the extent of pancreatic β-cell function in a large number of insulin-dependent diabetic patients with a disease duration of 50 years or longer (Medalists). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:Characterization of clinical and biochemical parameters and β-cell function of 411 Medalists with correlation wi...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db10-0676
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP), now known as G6PC2, is a major target of autoreactive T cells implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in both mice and humans. This study aimed to determine whether suppression of G6p2 gene expression might therefore prev...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db11-0220
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Targeting of the GLP-1 receptor with (111)In-labeled exendin is an attractive approach to determine the β-cell mass (BCM). Preclinical studies as well as a proof-of-concept study in type 1 diabetic patients and healthy subjects showed a direct correlation between BCM and radiotracer uptake. Despite these promising ini...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db14-1212
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impaired skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation has been suggested to contribute to insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. However, increasing muscle fatty acid oxidation may cause a reciprocal decrease in glucose oxidation, which might impair insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. We therefore investigated wha...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db12-0259
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large genome-wide association studies of glycemic traits have identified genetics variants that are associated with insulin resistance (IR) in the general population. It is unknown whether people with genetic enrichment for these IR variants respond differently to interventions that aim to improve insulin sensitivity....
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2337/db15-0950
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with vascular dysfunction. We hypothesized that increased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling contributes to vascular dysfunction in T2D. We treated type 2 diabetic (db(-)/db(-)) and control (db(-)/db(+)) mice with two NF-κB inhibitors (6 mg/kg dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin twice a...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db12-1374
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical studies indicate that significant loss of functional islet mass occurs in the peritransplant period. Islets are injured as a result of detrimental effects of brain death, pancreas preservation, islet isolation, hypoxia, hyperglycemia, and immune-mediated events. In addition, recent studies demonstrated that i...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.11.2804
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetes mellitus developing in BALB/c ByJ mice infected with the M variant of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus is dependent on thymic immune mechanisms. We treated mice with the anti-T-lymphocyte monoclonal anti-L3T4 and anti-Lyt2.2 antibodies before virus inoculation and monitored the infection and occurrence of dia...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.36.7.877
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A patient with functioning islet cell carcinoma is described who had amelioration of her hypoglycemia during the development of ectopic ACTH syndrome. Moon facies and hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis were also present in this patient, features uncommonly seen in the actopic ACTH syndrome. At autopsy, she was found to h...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.24.6.600
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In adipose tissue from both obese mice and humans, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) expression has been reported to be upregulated to levels of increased plasma PAI-1. This elevated expression has been shown to be partly controlled by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in mice. In humans, increased PAI-1 expre...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.8.1374
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic β-cells play a pivotal role in maintaining normoglycemia. Recent studies have revealed that the β-cell is not a homogeneous cell population but, rather, is heterogeneous in a number of properties such as electrical activity, gene expression, and cell surface markers. Identification of specific β-cell subpop...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db19-0072
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and the two novel metabolites of ethanol 2,3-butanediol and 1,2-propanediol on basal and insulin-stimulated adipocyte lipogenesis and glucose oxidation in vitro were investigated. Whereas ethanol and acetaldehyde inhibited both processes at concentrations far greater than those fo...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.37.7.912
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amylin, a 37-amino acid peptide hormone co-secreted with insulin, potently governs the rate of gastric emptying. Hypoglycemia, in the absence of agents such as amylin, is reported to accelerate gastric emptying. We asked whether hypoglycemia had a similar action on gastric emptying in the presence of amylin. In prelim...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.47.1.93
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene has been associated with type 2 diabetes in subjects of European origin in the DeCode study. We genotyped the two most associated variants (rs7903146 and rs12255372) in 2,367 French type 2 diabetic subjects and in 2,499 control subjects. Both the T-allele of rs...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db06-0474
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucose metabolism affects most major signal pathways in pancreatic beta-cells. Multiple protein kinases, including protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes, are involved in these effects; however, their role is poorly defined. Moreover, the dynamics of kinase isoenzyme activation in reference to the biphasic insulin secreti...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.55.03.06.db05-0001
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrations of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) are elevated in diabetes mellitus and are believed to reflect previous metabolic control. To better define possible determinants of GHb in man, we investigated the relationship between GHb and both fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and basal insulin (IRI) in 42 normal subject...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.27.8.834
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prophylactic insulin can prevent diabetes in the BB rat. We evaluated its use to prevent adoptive transfer of diabetes by activated splenocytes. ConA-activated spleen cells from acutely diabetic BB rats were divided into two equal aliquots and injected intravenously in paired diabetes-prone BB rat littermates. At the ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.41.10.1273
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes is characterized by effector T-cell responses to pancreatic β-cell-derived peptides presented by HLA class I and class II molecules, leading ultimately to β-cell demise and insulin insufficiency. Although a given HLA molecule presents a vast array of peptides, only those recogniz...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/dbi19-0022
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Duct-occluded segmental-pancreas transplants develop progressive fibrotic atrophy, even though endocrine function seems to be unaffected. To determine end-stage size of the graft and to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), these imaging techniques were applied in eight patients with ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.38.1.s24
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article examines the role of the autonomic nervous system in mediating the increase of glucagon secretion observed during insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH). In the first section, we briefly review the importance of the alpha-cell response in recovery from hypoglycemia under both physiologic conditions and pathop...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2337/diabetes.47.7.995
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess chemerin levels and regulation in sera and adipose tissue from women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and matched control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to assess mRNA and protein expression of chemerin. Serum chemerin was measured by enzy...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db08-1528
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exerts vasoprotective effects. Such benefit in diabetic vasculopathy, however, remains unclear. We hypothesize that bilirubin mediates HO-1-induced vascular benefits in diabetes. Diabetic db/db mice were treated with hemin (HO-1 inducer) for 2 weeks, and aortas were isolated for functional and ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db14-1391
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue sensitivity to insulin was studied using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique (delta plasma insulin above basal 90 microU/ml) in eight patients with type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM) before and after 4-8 mo of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and in 36 age-matched control subjects. Institution of...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.34.3.s80
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Klotho is an antiaging hormone present in the kidney that extends the lifespan, regulates kidney function, and modulates cellular responses to oxidative stress. We investigated whether Klotho levels and signaling modulate inflammation in diabetic kidneys. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:Renal Klotho expression w...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db10-1262
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Leukocyte infiltration of adipose is a critical determinant of obesity-related metabolic diseases. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor (CX3CR1) comprise a chemokine system involved in leukocyte recruitment and adhesion in atherosclerosis, but its role in adipose inflammation and type 2 diabetes is unknown. ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db10-0956
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Chronic pancreatitis, characterized by pancreatic exocrine tissue destruction with initial maintenance of islets, eventually leads to insulin-dependent diabetes in most patients. Mice deficient for the transcription factors E2F1 and E2F2 suffer from a chronic pancreatitis-like syndrome and become diabetic. Su...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db07-1577
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian erythrocytes have been shown to bind, but not to respond to, physiologic doses of insulin. Insulin binding was studied in normal rat erythrocytes and erythroblastic leukemic (EBL) cells by standard 125I-insulin competitive binding assays. EBL cells exhibited marked insulin degradation, which was time, temper...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.29.7.571
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00