Abstract：
:Restriction and modification (R-M) systems are generally thought to protect bacteria from invasion by foreign DNA. This paper proposes the existence of an alternative role for the phase-variable R-M systems encoded by the hsd loci of Mycoplasma pulmonis. Populations of M. pulmonis cells that arose during growth in different environments were compared with respect to R-M activity and surface antigen production. When M. pulmonis strain X1048 was propagated in laboratory culture medium, > 95% of colony-forming units (cfu) lacked R-M activity and produced the variable surface protein VsaA. Mycoplasmas isolated from the nose of experimentally infected rats also lacked R-M activity and produced VsaA. In contrast, the cell population of mycoplasmas isolated from the lower respiratory tract of the infected rats was more complex. The most dramatic results were obtained for mycoplasmas isolated from the trachea. At 14 days postinfection, 38% of mycoplasma isolates produced a Vsa protein other than VsaA, and 34% of isolates had active restriction systems. These data suggest that differences in selection pressures in animal tissues affect the surface proteins and the R-M activity of the mycoplasmal cell population. We propose that variations in the production of R-M activity and cell surface proteins are important for the survival of the mycoplasma within the host.
journal_name
Mol Microbioljournal_title
Molecular microbiologyauthors
Gumulak-Smith J,Teachman A,Tu AH,Simecka JW,Lindsey JR,Dybvig Kdoi
10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02464.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-05-01 00:00:00pages
1037-44issue
4eissn
0950-382Xissn
1365-2958pii
mmi2464journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Proteic toxin-antitoxin (TA) loci were first identified in bacterial plasmids, and they were regarded as involved in stable plasmid maintenance by a so-called 'addiction' mechanism. Later, chromosomally encoded TA loci were identified and their function ascribed to survival mechanisms when bacteria were subjected to s...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05027.x
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transposon mutagenesis was used to isolate insertion mutants of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus which were unable to grow under aerobic conditions in the dark on malate, succinate or fumarate as sole carbon sources. Of five mutants isolated, all were deficient in C4-dicarboxylate transport. However...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The DNA sequence of the structural gene (yopE) of one of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis virulence plas-mid-plB1-encoded proteins, Yop5, is presented. The deduced protein showed a molecular weight of 22971 Daltons. A specific mutant, having a kanamycin-resistance fragment inserted within the yopE gene was no longer vi...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1988.tb00013.x
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic recombination impacts on neisserial biology in two ways: (i) specific loci undergo rearrangement at high frequency leading to the formation of many different alleles; and (ii) Neisseria, being naturally competent for DNA transformation, provide a means to disseminate the novel alleles throughout a population. ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.5201047.x
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:NsrR is a nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive transcription repressor that controls NO metabolism in a wide range of bacteria. In Bacillus subtilis, NsrR represses transcription of the nitrite reductase (nasDEF) genes that are under positive control of the ResD-ResE two-component signal transduction system. Derepression is ac...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07407.x
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A respiratory quinol oxidase complex that is encoded by the soxABCD operon has been purified from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. The enzyme was solubilized with dodecyl maltoside and purified in the presence of this detergent and ethylene glycol. The complex is hydrodynamically homogeneous a...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00426.x
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155 has three genes (MSMEG_6383, furA1; MSMEG_3460, furA2; MSMEG_6253, furA3) encoding FurA (ferric-uptake regulator A) paralogs. Three FurA paralogs in M. smegmatis are functionally redundant and negatively regulate expression of a subset of genes involved in peroxide detoxification such a...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.13956
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Definitive identification of Treponema pallidum rare outer membrane proteins (OMPs) has long eluded researchers. TP0326, the sole protein in T. pallidum with sequence homology to a Gram-negative OMP, belongs to the BamA family of proteins essential for OM biogenesis. Structural modelling predicted that five polypeptid...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07662.x
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The heptacistronic dnaK heat shock operon of Bacillus subtilis consists of the genes hrcA, grpE, dnaK, dnaJ, orf35, orf28 and orf50. It is controlled by the CIRCE/HrcA operator/repressor system and specifies three primary transcripts, two of which are processed into three different products. We have analysed the regul...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01428.x
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanisms of transcription repression and derepression in vivo are not fully understood. We have obtained evidence that begins to clarify the minimum requirements for counteracting nucleosomal repression in vivo. Location of the TATA element near the nucleosome dyad does not block RNA polymerase II transcription ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01940.x
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biofilms are communities of microbial cells that are encased in a self-produced, polymeric matrix and are adherent to a surface. For several species of bacteria, an enhanced ability to form biofilms has been linked with an increased capability to produce exopolymers. To identify exopolymers of Bacillus subtilis that c...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04746.x
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The O-antigen of Salmonella lipopolysaccharide is a major antigenic determinant and its chemical composition forms the basis for Salmonella serotyping. Modifications of the O-antigen that can affect the serotype include those carried out by the products of glycosyltransferase operons (gtr), which are present on specif...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07203.x
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:SpsA, a pneumococcal surface protein belonging to the family of choline-binding proteins, interacts specifically with secretory immunglobulin A (SIgA) via the secretory component (SC). SIgA and free SC from mouse, rat, rabbit and guinea-pig failed to interact with SpsA indicating species-specific binding to human SIgA...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01897.x
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Borrelia hermsii, an agent of relapsing fever, avoids the host's immune response by means of multiphasic antigenic variation. Serotype specificity is determined by variable antigens called the Vmp lipoproteins. Through recombination between linear plasmids a formerly silent vmp gene replaces another vmp gene at a telo...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02132.x
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of a bacterial pathogen to monitor available carbon sources in host tissues provides a clear fitness advantage. In the group A streptococcus (GAS), the virulence regulator Mga contains homology to phosphotransferase system (PTS) regulatory domains (PRDs) found in sugar operon regulators. Here we show that ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.12250
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Photoregulation of pigmentation during complementary chromatic acclimation (CCA) is well studied in Fremyella diplosiphon; however, mechanistic insights into the CCA-associated morphological changes are still emerging. F. diplosiphon cells are rectangular under green light (GL), whereas cells are smaller and spherical...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.12649
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The extracellular polysaccharide capsule is an essential virulence factor of Neisseria meningitidis, a leading cause of severe bacterial meningitis and sepsis. Serogroup B strains, the primary disease causing isolates in Europe and America, are encapsulated in alpha-2,8 polysialic acid (polySia). The capsular polymer ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05862.x
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutaredoxins and thioredoxins are small heat-stable oxidoreductases that have been conserved throughout evolution. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two gene pairs encoding cytoplasmic glutaredoxins (GRX1, GRX2) and thioredoxins (TRX1, TRX2). We report here that the quadruple trx1 trx2 grx1 grx2 mutant is i...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01948.x
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes two paralogous P1 B 4 -ATPases, CtpD (Rv1469) and CtpJ (Rv3743). Both proteins showed ATPase activation by Co(2+) and Ni(2+) , and both appear to be required for metal efflux from the cell. However, using a combination of biochemical and genetic studies we found that th...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.12454
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:SigD and SigE (Salmonella invasion gene) are proteins needed for optimal invasion of Salmonella typhimurium into eukaryotic cells in vitro. SigD is a secreted protein and SigE is a putative chaperone required for SigD stability and/or secretion. SigD is secreted by a type III secretion apparatus encoded within a patho...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01772.x
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The suf and isc operons of Escherichia coli have been implicated in Fe-S cluster assembly. However, it has been unclear why E. coli has two systems for Fe-S cluster biosynthesis. We have examined the regulatory characteristics and mutant phenotypes of both operons to discern if the two operons have redundant functions...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04025.x
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small repeat sequences in bacterial genomes, which represent non-autonomous mobile elements, have close similarities to archaeon and eukaryotic miniature inverted repeat transposable elements. These repeat elements are found in both intergenic and intragenic chromosomal regions, and contain an array of diverse motifs....
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06068.x
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in automated fluorescence microscopy have made snapshot and time-lapse imaging of bacterial cells commonplace, yet fundamental challenges remain in analysis. The vast quantity of data collected in high-throughput experiments requires a fast and reliable automated method to analyze fluorescence intensity and l...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.13591
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phase variation of the major ureaplasma surface membrane protein, the multiple-banded antigen (MBA), with its counterpart, the UU376 protein, was recently discussed as a result of DNA inversion occurring at specific inverted repeats. Two similar inverted repeats to the ones within the mba locus were found in the genom...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07474.x
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type IV secretion systems are increasingly recognized as important virulence determinants of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. While the examination of several type IV-secreted proteins suggested that their secretion depends on C-terminal signals, the nature of these signals and their conservation among different sys...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05050.x
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium, is a significant opportunistic pathogen associated with skin and soft tissue infections, nosocomial pneumonia and sepsis. In addition, it can chronically colonize the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Overproduction of the exopolysaccharide called alginate provi...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08049.x
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The partition system of the P1 plasmid, P1par, consists of the ParA and ParB proteins and a cis-acting site, parS. It is responsible for the orderly segregation of plasmid copies to daughter cells. Plasmids with null mutations in parA or parB replicate normally, but missegregate. ParB binds specifically to the parS si...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.4761842.x
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural sequence variation was investigated among serogroup A subgroup IV-1 Neisseria meningitidis isolated from diseased patients and healthy carriers in The Gambia, West Africa. The frequencies of DNA import were analysed by sequencing fragments of four linked genes encoding the immunogenic outer membrane proteins T...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01932.x
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The carboxyl-terminal region of diphtheria toxin (DT) has been analysed in order to determine regions of receptor recognition. Biochemical cleavage of the toxin with hydroxylamine (HA) was used to generate the peptides HA9DT (residues 454-535), HA6DT (residues 482-535), and HA3DT (residues 454-481). Characterization o...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01149.x
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are the most important mammalian host defence cells against infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Screening of a signature tagged mutagenesis library of the non-piliated P. aeruginosa strain TBCF10839 uncovered that transposon inactivation of its pilY1 gene rendered the bacterium more r...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06559.x
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
