Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a valuable prostatic cancer biomarker that is now widely used for population screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of patients with prostate cancer. Despite the voluminous literature on this biomarker, relatively few reports have addressed the issue of its physiological function and its connection to the pathogenesis and progression of prostate and other cancers. APPROACH:I here review literature dealing with PSA physiology and pathobiology and discuss reports that either suggest that PSA is a beneficial molecule with tumor suppressor activity or that PSA has deleterious effects in prostate, breast, and possibly other cancers. CONTENT:The present scientific literature on PSA physiology and pathobiology is confusing. A group of reports have suggested that PSA may act as a tumor suppressor, a negative regulator of cell growth, and an apoptotic molecule, whereas others suggest that PSA may, through its chymotrypsin-like activity, promote tumor progression and metastasis. SUMMARY:The physiological function of PSA is still not well understood. Because PSA is just one member of the human kallikrein gene family, it is possible that its biological functions are related to the activity of other related kallikreins. Only when the physiological functions of PSA and other kallikreins are elucidated will we be able to explain the currently apparently conflicting experimental data.
journal_name
Clin Chemjournal_title
Clinical chemistryauthors
Diamandis EPsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-07-01 00:00:00pages
896-900issue
7eissn
0009-9147issn
1530-8561journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Problems encountered in the uroporphyrinogen I synthase assay were found to be due to the Triton reagent, slit-width and excitation wavelength settings of the spectrophotofluorometer, and leg-phase in the enzyme reaction. Of Triton X-100 from four suppliers, only three were found suitable. Differences in enzyme activi...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The detection of monoclonal free light chains (FLCs) is an important diagnostic aid for a variety of monoclonal gammopathies and is especially important in light-chain diseases, such as light-chain myeloma, primary systemic amyloidosis, and light-chain-deposition disease. These diseases are more prevalent in...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated two techniques of immunoblotting--the Western blot and the dot blot--for use in detecting prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP, EC 3.1.3.2). We used polyclonal antisera to human PAP, produced in rabbits by hyperimmunization with purified PAP, and PAP-specific monoclonal antibodies in the immunoenzymatic pro...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a rapid method for determining cholesterol sulfate in plasma and erythrocytes. After its single-step isolation by means of anion-exchange chromatography cholesterol sulfate is hydrolyzed, trimethylsilylated, and determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. 5 beta-Cholestan-3 alpha-ol s...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurement of colloid osmotic pressure complements measurements of pulmonary artery wedge pressure for assessing the risks of pulmonary edema and constitutes an increasingly important reference for purposes of guiding selection of colloid or crystalloid fluids in patients with acute cardiac disease. We describe a sim...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a gas--liquid-chromatographic method for determining the concentration of amantadine hydrochloride in urine with beta-phenylethylamine as internal standard. The urine sample is made alkaline and extracted with 0.5 mL of chloroform. After centrifugation the aqueous layer is aspirated, and an aliquot of the ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from uninfected patients and from patients with bacterial and viral meningitis was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, with use of a flame ionization detector, and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The resulting profiles were consistent and reproducible. Hydroxy acids were the compo...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasma concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive cannabinoid in marijuana, decline to values substantially less than 1 microgram/L within a few hours after a subject has smoked a marijuana cigarette. Using a single-quadrupole gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS) operated in the ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines recommend development of direct assays for LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) measurement, but it is unclear how these assays compare with Friedewald calculation in predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS:In a study of 27 331 healthy women with triglyce...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2008.117929
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Quantification of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) in urine is useful in diagnosing and monitoring of patients with carcinoid tumors and in the study of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) metabolism in various disorders. We describe an automated method that incorporates on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2005.050062
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Quantitative PCR of viral nucleic acids can be useful clinically in diagnosis, risk assessment, and monitoring of antiviral therapy. We wished to develop a chemiluminescence competitive PCR (cPCR) for parvovirus B19. METHODS:Parvovirus DNA target sequences and competitor sequences were coamplified and direc...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated the analytical performance of Trinder's glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4)/peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) 4-aminophenazone-phenol method for the quantification of serum glucose as adapted to the Technicon SMAC. Our results correlated well with those by the routine SMAC glucose oxidase/peroxidase 3-methyl-2-benzothiaz...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D] in serum may be both a nuisance and nutritionally valuable. METHODS:We investigated the impact of 24,25(OH)2D3 on the performance of commercially available immunoassays for serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] using (a) serum from a nationally representative sampl...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2014.234955
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The discovery of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma has opened up new possibilities for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis and monitoring. Among the fetal markers that have been described, methylation markers are sex and polymorphism independent. Methylation-sensitive restriction endonucleases are commonly u...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2007.092619
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have used a monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for plasma prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F1.2) to establish appropriate sample collection and storage conditions for this biomarker of thrombin generation. F1.2 concentrations were not altered by exogenous factor Xa, thrombin, or thromboplastin if blood was collected by routi...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have developed and validated simple, rapid immunoassays to measure concentrations of albumin in urine ranging from 5 to 200 mg/L. We use antiserum to human albumin, raised in sheep, and we separate the antibody-bound and free fractions of albumin by using a second antiserum, produced in donkeys, against the Fc frag...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor material represents a valuable resource for the analysis of RNA-based biomarkers, both in research laboratories and in routine clinical testing. A robust and automated RNA-extraction method with a high sample throughput is required. METHODS:We evaluated extracti...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2008.122572
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Paraoxonase may protect lipoproteins and cell membranes from peroxidation, and alterations in the activity of this enzyme have been associated with some chronic diseases. Serum paraoxonase appears to be mainly under genetic control, but some studies suggest that environmental factors may also modulate its ac...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/49.9.1491
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Highly purified human lactate dehydrogenases I and V were assayed in 17 different buffers, at a variety of reaction pH's. Diethanolamine and 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol provided the best measurements of the enzyme, assayed lactate-to-pyruvate. However, the commercial preparation of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanedio...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of our present study was to establish new reference intervals for thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormones based on National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) criteria and regular thyroid ultrasonography. We also assessed the effect of potentially confounding factors to modulate the limits of the...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2004.047399
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There have been no large-scale analyses of resource utilization comparing the overall costs to treat pediatric patients vs adult patients. Likewise, there have been no studies evaluating the costs of the various components of hospitalization (e.g., accommodation, laboratory, radiology, and drugs) among adult...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study was undertaken to assess the short-term (intrapregnancy) and long-term (interpregnancy) variability of the 1-h 50-g oral glucose challenge test (GCT). Two groups of pregnant women had GCTs in consecutive pregnancies, 1 (n = 77) and 2 (n = 43) years apart. Their results were compared with published results for ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The technology needed to genetically engineer antibodies is evolving rapidly and the potential utility of these novel reagents is being explored with vigor. The process includes cloning of the antibody genes, their in vitro manipulation and mutagenesis, expression in a suitable host/vector system, and, for commercial ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:C-reactive protein (CRP) increases in response to inflammation and is purported to be a risk factor for atherogenesis. We recently demonstrated that a scavenger receptor, lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor (LOX-1), is a receptor for CRP. In light of the overlapping ligand spectrum of scavenger receptors such ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2009.140202
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared three current methods (immunoinhibition, "Isomune-CK" immunoprecipitation, and the Tandem-E CKMB II immunoenzymometric assay) for determination of creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzyme MB in serum. Although results inter-correlated well, the immunoinhibition assay gave higher activity values. Atypical...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A rapid technique (5-10 min) has been developed for fractionating nucleotides from base and nucleoside contaminants in acid extracts of cells, by adsorption to silica gels. Silica gels (1-mL bed volume) were washed with 5 mL of water then with 5 mL of acetonitrile/water (90/10 by vol). After applying 3-mL samples, adj...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HbCO in blood sampled from 20 mothers and newborns immediately after birth was measured with a new, simple gas-chromatographic method for CO. The mean ratio of HbCO to total hemoglobin for 13 non-smoking mothers did not differ significantly from that for their infants (mean 0.38%, SD 0.26% vs 0.38%, SD 0.13%), but the...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To see if saliva is a valid substitute for plasma in assay of progesterone even when concentrations of hormone and binding proteins are fluctuating, we determined the concentrations of total and free progesterone in plasma and salivary progesterone in specimens from 36 women volunteers during the course of pregnancy a...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a direct radioimmunoassay for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) in cerebrospinal fluid, platelet-poor plasma, and serum. We raised antisera in rabbits against serotonin diazotized to a conjugate of bovine albumin and D,L-p-aminophenylalanine. Polyethylene glycol, alone or in combination with anti-rabbit immu...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This two-site immunoradiometric assay for human parathyrin-related protein 1-86 (PTHRP1-86) in plasma uses a mouse monoclonal antibody to PTHRP1-34 coupled to cellulose particles for immunoextraction of N-terminal immunoreactivity, and a rabbit antiserum to PTHRP37-67 that is indirectly labeled with 125I-labeled PTHRP...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
