Abstract:
PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to compare architectural characteristics of leg muscles of sprinters and distance runners. METHODS:Skeletal muscle architectural characteristics were studied in 23 elite male 100-m sprinters (SPR, 10.0-10.9 s for 100 m), 24 elite male distance runners (DR, 13.5-14.5 min for 5000 m), and 24 untrained male controls. Fascicle pennation angle and isolated muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis muscles were measured in vivo by ultrasound, and fascicle length was estimated. RESULTS:Standing height and upper and lower limb lengths were similar among the groups. Body weight was significantly greater in SPR than in either DR or controls, which were similar. Muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis muscles was significantly greater in SPR than in either DR or controls, which were similar. In all muscles, pennation angle was similar between SPR and controls, but less than DR. Fascicle length of the vastus lateralis muscle (absolute and relative to limb length) was greatest in SPR and least in DR with control values being between the athlete groups. Fascicle length of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle (absolute and relative to limb length) was greater in SPR than in either DR or controls, which were similar. Fascicle length of the gastrocnemius lateralis muscle (absolute and relative to limb length) was significantly greater in SPR than DR. Absolute fascicle length in gastrocnemius lateralis muscle was similar between DR and controls; however, relative to limb length DR was significantly less. CONCLUSION:Greater fascicle length and lesser pennation angle observed in leg muscles of SPR, compared with DR, would appear to favor shortening velocity as required for greater running speed.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Abe T,Kumagai K,Brechue WFdoi
10.1097/00005768-200006000-00014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-06-01 00:00:00pages
1125-9issue
6eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The availability of choline, the precurser of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, in the diet is sufficient to provide the body's requirements under normal conditions. However, preliminary evidence indicates that depletion of choline may limit performance, while oral supplementation may delay fatigue during prolonged...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study evaluated the predictive validity of three previously published ActiGraph energy expenditure (EE) prediction equations developed for children and adolescents. METHODS:A total of 45 healthy children and adolescents (mean age: 13.7 +/- 2.6 yr) completed four 5-min activity trials (normal walking, bris...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000183848.25845.e0
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Physical endurance can be limited by muscle glycogen stores, in that glycogen depletion markedly reduces external work. During carbohydrate restriction, the liver synthesizes the ketone bodies, D-β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate from fatty acids. In animals and in the presence of glucose, D-β-hydroxybut...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001292
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Although effects of workload and cadence on sagittal plane knee biomechanics in cycling have been widely studied, few studies have examined their impact on the frontal plane. PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different workloads and cadences on knee sagittal and frontal pla...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000759
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199902000-00004
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Walking is an important form of physical activity. It is practiced by people of nearly all ages, throughout the world. Walking is an integral part of life, and there is accumulating evidence that it is essential to good health. There are many ways to measure walking including pedometers, accelerometers, trail counters...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817c699c
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to compare gastric emptying (GE) responses during intense, prolonged cycling and running. It is important to discern whether gastric emptying (GE) responses are exercise-mode specific, since the findings of cycling and running studies are often compared and applied to one another. Ten mal...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined whether the relation between of ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and exercise intensities associated with the lactate threshold (LT) and blood lactate concentrations (BLC) of 2.5 and 4.0 mM, established with an incremental protocol, held during 30-min treadmill run at constant velocity (V). RPE (11.6, 1...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/00005768-199406000-00021
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is has been suggested that physical activity may increase bone mineral density (BMD) in children, thereby preventing development of osteoporosis later in life. We studied 14 gymnasts, 14 swimmers, and 17 controls to investigate whether participation in different types of sports among girls 7-9 yr of age is associat...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199610000-00006
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318187cffa
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study examined some physiological and performance responses to a 6-d taper, and the influence of training intensity and volume on these responses. METHODS:After 15 wk of training, 8 well-trained male middle-distance runners were randomly assigned to either a moderate volume taper (MVT, N = 4) or a low vol...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00005768-200002000-00038
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:As adjuvant therapy for enhancing the effects of stimulants and thereby minimizing medication doses, we hypothesized that aerobic exercise might be an effective adjunctive therapy for enhancing the effects of methylphenidate on the clinical symptoms, cognitive function, and brain activity of adolescents with at...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000373
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The effect of quantified resistance and high impact exercise training on bone mass as modified by age and oral contraceptive (OCont) use in young women was studied. METHODS:Women were categorized by age (18-23 vs 24-31 yr) and OCont use, and were then randomized into either three sessions of resistance exercis...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00005768-200106000-00004
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that television watching and physical activity are related to obesity. This association, however, has been investigated mainly in children. This study provided the opportunity to examine the relationship between television watching, physical activity, and body mass index in adult Pima Indians, a ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199707000-00010
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000069337.49567.F0
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Cross-sectional studies suggest that training can increase muscle carnosine (MCarn), although longitudinal studies have failed to confirm this. A lack of control for dietary β-alanine intake or muscle fiber type shifting may have hampered their conclusions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate th...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001697
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of anthropometry and body composition on running economy is unclear, with previous investigations involving small relatively homogeneous groups of runners and limited anthropometric/composition measurements. PURPOSE:To comprehensively investigate the relationships of anthropometry and body composition w...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002158
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200112000-00014
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the association between aerobic, caloric exercise expenditure and life status (living vs deceased) as well as the prevalence rates of hypertension (HBP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in former male athletes (ATH) and non-athletes (N-ATH). The initial survey for this study was done in 1952. Follo...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/00005768-199012000-00002
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000152731.33450.95
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000064937.99001.56
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the hypothesis that the skin blood flow response to body heating is not uniform over the entire body surface, we compared forearm (FBF) and calf (CBF) blood flow responses to an increase in core temperature (esophageal temperature, Tes) during dynamic exercise. We studied 13 physically active men during sem...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although hyponatremia (HN) has been reported among endurance athletes, its etiology often remains uncertain and of great interest to clinicians and physiologists. This case report presents physiologic evidence regarding the etiology and development of HN during exercise in the heat. A 21-yr-old male volunteer (K.G.) u...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In order to investigate overtraining-related adaptations in the autonomic nervous system, cardiac autonomic activity was examined in a junior cross-country skier who presented with reduced performance in competitions, early breathlessness during training sessions, and accumulated central fatigue. METHODS:Power...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200009000-00001
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE:To assess in men whether exercise affects the estimated age-related increase in adiposity, and contrariwise, whether age affects the estimated exercise-related decrease in adiposity. METHODS:Cross-sectional analyses of 64,911 male runners who provided data on their body mass index (97.6%) and wais...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000174894.05236.45
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychological consequences of exercise deprivation in habitual exercisers. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of 3 d of exercise deprivation on selected psychological variables. Ten volunteers (4 female and 6 male) who regularly exercised 6-7 d.wk-1 for at least 45 min at a time participat...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199609000-00018
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Extracellular vesicles (EV) are purported to mediate type 2 diabetes and CVD risk and development. Physical activity and a balanced diet reduce disease risk, but no study has tested the hypothesis that short-term interval (INT) training would reduce EV compared with continuous (CONT) exercise in adults with ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002185
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of metabolic alkalosis on muscle lactate accumulation and plasma catecholamine concentrations were studied in six highly trained subjects during short-term ergocycle exercises to exhaustion (375 W). The studies were performed after oral administration of NaHCO3 (alkalosis) and CaCO3 (placebo). There was a ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1249/00005768-198806000-00003
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Development of an endurance training-overtraining protocol for Wistar rats that includes increased workload and is characterized by analyses of performance and biomarkers. METHODS:The running protocol lasted 11 wk: 8 wk of daily exercise sessions followed by 3 wk of increasing training frequency (two, three, a...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318191259c
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent work has identified deficits in dual-task gait balance control for up to 2 months after adolescent concussion; however, how resumption of preinjury physical activities affects recovery is unknown. PURPOSE:The objective of this study is to examine how return to activity (RTA) affects recovery from con...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000462
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00