Abstract:
:Optison(R) is an ultrasound contrast agent, consisting of gas-filled microspheres surrounded by a solid shell of heat-denatured human albumin. Size-distribution measurements of these microspheres are a critical stability indicating factor, because loss of encapsulated gas eliminates ultrasound contrast activity. Composition of the encapsulated gas is also critical, because air-filled microspheres do not persist nearly as long in vivo as microspheres filled with less soluble gases. Optison(R) stability has been tested during exposure to chemical substances expected to dissolve microsphere shells. In addition, size-distribution and gas-composition measurements were used to evaluate the effects of external gas composition, elevated temperature, mixing, needle shear and pressure on product stability. Optison(R) microsphere shells dissolve only when exposed to relatively extreme chemical conditions, such as low pH (<4.0), detergents or chaotropic salts. The shells are highly gas-permeable, and microspheres lose encapsulated gas rapidly and irreversibly when exposed to gas-deficient liquids. Pressure, impact stress, and the application of ultrasound energy all cause liquids to become gas-deficient, and also cause irreversible gas loss. Pressure sensitivity differs dramatically between mixed and unmixed microspheres, further supporting the conclusion that gas diffusion is the major cause of Optison(R) instability. To preserve the efficacy of Optison(R) as an ultrasound contrast agent, it is necessary to devote special attention to minimizing opportunities for gas exchange, mixing and exposure to gas-deficient liquids, so that the size distribution and gas composition of the original product are maintained during handling.
journal_name
Biotechnol Appl Biochemjournal_title
Biotechnology and applied biochemistryauthors
Podell S,Burrascano C,Gaal M,Golec B,Maniquis J,Mehlhaff Psubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-12-01 00:00:00pages
213-23issue
3eissn
0885-4513issn
1470-8744journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) phosphorylase has been isolated previously using classical protein isolation techniques [A. Guranowski and S. Blanquet (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 3542-3547]. A protein A-Sepharose immunoaffinity column was prepared to simplify the purification procedure. The immunoaffini...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutaraldehyde crosslinked, immunoprecipitated gulonolactone oxidase, injected intraperitoneally, has significant catalytic activity and is capable of providing long-term therapeutic benefit for the enzyme deficiency disease scurvy. The enzyme is tolerated even in repetitive doses. In the present study, however, we ha...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, various constructs and hosts were used to produce high levels of cecropin B2 (cecB2). To mitigate cecB2's toxic inhibition of host cells, various cecB2 constructs were built. Results showed that the combination of a chitin-binding domain and an intein self-cleavage motif in front of cecropin B2, without...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bab.1716
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is widely used for the production of recombinant proteins for a variety of applications; however, a number of challenges are typically encountered by researchers depending on the properties of the specific proteins in question. Here, we describe technical issues we have...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bab.24
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of subunit vaccines is presently the main strategy being evaluated for prevention of infectious diseases. The use of recombinant-DNA techniques has facilitated the development of new principles for design and production of subunit vaccines. First of all, the properties of a target protein immunogen can...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/ba20000034
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The conformation of a protein refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of its constituent atoms. Since expression of the biological activity of a protein depends on its conformation, it is clear that full characterization of a protein involves an understanding of its three-dimensional structure. This review outline...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/ba19990102
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutants with overexpression of α-acetolactate synthase (ALS), α-acetolactate decarboxylase, and acetoin reductase (AR), either individually or in combination, were constructed to improve 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) production in Klebsiella pneumoniae. The recombinant strains were characterized in terms of the enzyme activ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bab.1217
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new α-neoagarobiose hydrolase (NABH) called AgaWH117 was cloned from Agarivorans gilvus WH0801. The gene encoding this hydrolase consists of 1,086 bp and encodes a protein containing 361 amino acids. This new NABH showed 74% amino acid sequence identity with other known NABHs. The molecular mass of the recombinant A...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bab.1363
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The optimum temperature and initial medium pH for amylase production by Bacillus sp. TS-23 were 55 degrees C and 8.5 respectively. Maximum amylase activity was obtained in a medium containing peptone and soluble starch as nitrogen and carbon sources. Activity staining revealed that two amylases with molecular masses o...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation was performed with sugarcane bagasse (SCB) hydrolysate using Clostridium beijerinckii strains. A cost-effective SCB medium was developed with no enzymatic hydrolysis and no supplementation of extra carbon source or expensive nitrogen source. One of the C. beijerinckii strains...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bab.1865
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay (e.i.a.) for serrapeptase (TSP), an orally available anti-inflammatory proteinase, was established using affinity-purified anti-TSP rabbit IgG and its Fab' fragment conjugated with horseradish peroxidase as the first and the second antibodies respectively. TSP in the plasma was ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The urinary C-terminal telopeptide fragment of type II collagen (uCTX-II) has been reported as the efficient blood-based biomarker for osteoarthritis, which affects knees, hands, spine, and hips. This study reports a sensing strategy with antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNP) on an interdigitated electrode (IDE...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bab.1981
更新日期:2020-07-04 00:00:00
abstract::As a highly contagious and potentially fatal disease of dogs, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) usually causes severe myocarditis and gastroenteritis, while vaccine injection has greatly reduced the incidence of CPV-2 diseases. However, there is currently a lack of simple and effective method for quantitative detection...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bab.1967
更新日期:2020-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::Mustard tuber wastewater is characterized by high salinity and high organic content that is potentially detrimental to the biological treatment system and affects the treatment efficiency accordingly. The experiment used the integrated bioreactor to reduce much of the organics in mustard tuber wastewater, and found th...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bab.1396
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive label-free electrochemical aptasensor was successfully fabricated for thrombin detection with platinum nanoparticles (Pt) and blocking reagent horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as enhancers. A Nafion®-graphene-coated electrode was first modified with an electrochemical probe of methylene blue (MB) through elect...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bab.33
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An amylase-producing psychrotroph bacterium was isolated from soil and identified as belonging to the genus Exiguobacterium. A novel cold-adapted α-amylase, Amy SH3, was purified from culture medium of this bacterium using acetone precipitation and DEAE-Sepharose anion-exchange chromatography. The molecular mass of th...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bab.1140
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extensive literature on natural antimicrobial systems in animals, plants, and microorganisms is surveyed and particular systems are discussed, viz., the peroxidase systems in saliva and milk, singlet oxygen in the phagosome, cecropins and attacins in insects, complement, lysozyme and, to a limited extent, phytoale...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethylene glycol bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)-calcium buffer is widely used in various calcium-dependent reactions where free calcium concentrations of 1 microM or less are desirable. The free calcium concentration is calculated from the association constant of EGTA . Ca2- and serves as the ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor in children. GPR137 is a ubiquitously expressed gene in the central nervous system. It has been reported that GPR137 modulates malignant proliferation of glioma cells. However, the relationship between GPR137 and medulloblastoma is still unknown. In th...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bab.1331
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of the recombinant BoNT/A-Hc (carboxylic domain of the Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin heavy chain) has been proposed as a vaccine candidate for botulism. This fragment contains the principle protective antigenic determinant. In the present study, in order to maximize recombinant protein expression, after ver...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BA20090315
更新日期:2010-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::Most insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients gen-erate conformational autoantibodies to the islet-cell 65-kDa variant of human glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65), and several immunochemical tests for the early detection of type-1 diabetes rely on GAD65 antibody (GADA) assessment using properly folded recombinant GAD...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/ba19990103
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this paper is to make the point on the fortieth years study on the β-glycosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus. This enzyme represents one of the thermophilic biocatalysts, which is more extensively studied as witnessed by the numerous literature reports available since 1980. Comprehensive biochemical studie...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/bab.1982
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catalytic properties of Escherichia coli polyphosphate kinase (EC 2.7.4.1), a promising enzyme for use in ATP regeneration (Hoffman, et al., 1988, Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 10, 107-117), are reported here. E. coli polyphosphate kinase (PPK) is broadly active in the pH range 5.5 to 8.5, having an optimal Vmax at pH 7....
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic membranes containing 10% acrylamide units were subjected to activation with formaldehyde at pH 7.5 and 45 degrees C. Trypsin, invertase, and urease were bound to this activated membrane and the kinetic properties of immobilized enzymes were studied. The permeability of the membrane for distilled water manife...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple and cost-effective method is described to sequence double-stranded DNA (< 100 ng) using a very small amount of fluorescent sequencing mix (one-tenth of manufacturer-recommended amount). The modification has significant advantages over conventional protocols and can be used to sequence, using a single sequenci...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A truncated precursor form of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), [-2]proPSA, is a well-known biomarker for prostate cancer. To develop a biomarker assay, highly purified [-2]proPSA is required as a standard reference and for generation of a specific antibody. In this study, we generated an efficient mammalian expression...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bab.1481
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have analysed the status and transcriptional activity of the bovine papillomavirus-I (complete BPV-I genome)-based expression vector pCES in CI27i-cell-line-derived 3TI cells used for the industrial production of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEpo). Complete tandem head-to-tail integration of about 600 vector...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have explored the adaptation of the cytochromes P450 (P450) of deep-sea bacteria to high hydrostatic pressures. Strict conservation of the protein fold and functional importance of protein-bound water make P450 a unique subject for the studies of high-pressure adaptation. Earlier, we expressed and purified a fatty-...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bab.1083
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fermentation of herb Polygonum hydropiper L. (PHL) and cassava pulp (CP) for feed additive production with simultaneous flavonoid dissolution was investigated, and a two-stage response surface methodology (RSM) based on Plackett-Burman factorial design (PB design) was used to optimize the flavonoid dissolution and pro...
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bab.1473
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a particularly useful model for studying the function and regulation of genes from higher eukaryotes. The genome of Sc. pombe has been sequenced, and DNA microarray, proteome and transcriptome analyses have been carried out. Among the well-characterized yeast species, Sc....
journal_title:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BA20090048
更新日期:2009-06-22 00:00:00