Abstract:
:Pneumonia is a major direct cause of death in the elderly. Although aspiration based on a reduced cough reflex is one of the causes of pneumonia in the elderly, there are few studies of angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), which are antihypertensive drugs that induce cough, as a factor influencing the incidence of pneumonia in institutionalized elderly subjects. To assess the effect of ACE inhibitors and dihydropiridine calcium-channel blockers on the incidence of pneumonia, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study. Cases were 55 pneumonia patients aged > or = 65 years during a 1-year period. The controls were elderly subjects, frequency matched to the cases by age and gender (n = 220). Data were collected on known risk factors and on medication for hypertension, consisting of ACE inhibitors, calcium-channel blockers, and nonantihypertensive medication. The significance of differences in risk factors was analyzed using univariate and multivariate comparisons of cases and controls. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the relative risk estimates for pneumonia were 0.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.97) and 1.84 (95% CI, 0.89-3.78) for ACE inhibitors and calcium-channel blockers, respectively, relative to nonantihypertensive medication. The preventive effect of ACE inhibitors on pneumonia was apparent in long-acting ACE inhibitor users (0.24; 95% CI, 0.07-0.88). We conclude that ACE inhibitor use is an independent factor reducing risk of pneumonia among elderly inpatients.
journal_name
Am J Hypertensjournal_title
American journal of hypertensionauthors
Okaishi K,Morimoto S,Fukuo K,Niinobu T,Hata S,Onishi T,Ogihara Tdoi
10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00035-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-08-01 00:00:00pages
778-83issue
8 Pt 1eissn
0895-7061issn
1941-7225pii
S0895-7061(99)00035-7journal_volume
12pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract::This study was undertaken to characterize blood pressure (by continuous blood pressure recording), renal hemodynamics, and excretory function in high-fructose-fed insulin-resistant dogs. We fed 10 mongrel dogs for 28 days with a normal sodium diet containing 60% of the calories either as fructose (n = 6) or dextrose (...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-7061(95)00118-9
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Both increased night blood pressure (BP) and nondipping are associated with worse cardiovascular risk and prognosis. However, as they are often related features, their relative importance has been difficult to assess separately. In this study we address separate associations of nocturnal hypertension and non...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/hpt175
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many reports, the prevalence of target organ damage in renovascular hypertension (RVH) appears to be higher than in essential hypertension (EH). Since in most studies the renal artery stenosis is part of a diffuse atherosclerotic disease, it is not known whether these complications are due to RVH itself or to the v...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-7061(96)00199-9
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Seventeen percent of youth in the United States are obese. Obesity has been linked to higher prevalence of hypertension. Past studies were limited by their size and conflicting results. The aim of this study was to analyze trends in adolescents' obesity between 1998 and 2011 and to evaluate the relationship ...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/hpv007
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), more so than any other hypertension subtype, increases the risk for stroke and coronary heart disease. The prevalence of ISH versus other hypertension subtypes in the general Chinese adult population is not known. METHODS:The prevalence of isolated systolic and isolated...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.06.007
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Elastin microfibril interfacer 1 (EMILIN-1) is a negative regulator of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling, which is involved in blood pressure (BP) homeostasis. Emilin1 knockout mice display elevated BP. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between the human EMILIN...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ajh.2010.16
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) often have raised blood pressure but a simple cause-and-effect relationship has not been established. In 33 persons with probable primary HPT and mild hypercalcemia detected in a health survey, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly higher than among age- and s...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/1.4.397
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but it remains unclear which component-alone or in combination-is the best predictor. We sought to determine which BP parameters are important predictors of CVD death across a wide age range. METHODS:We used a prospective cohort...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.06.024
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of childhood elevated blood pressure (BP) has increased in the United States, particularly among African Americans. The influence of maternal plasma folate levels, alone or in combination with maternal cardiometabolic risk factors (hypertensive disorders, diabetes, and prepregnancy obesity), o...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/hpx003
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is more prevalent in black than white hypertensives, but this difference is greater when identified by electrocardiography (ECG) than by echocardiography. We evaluated the proposal that current ECG criteria for LVH are less specific, and therefore, less useful, in blacks than whites....
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00027-8
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Subclinical cardiac damage has recently emerged as a potential predictor of adverse renal outcome. We therefore retrospectively evaluated the effect of left-ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diagnosed electrocardiographically, on the renal outcome of hypertensive patients managed in primary care. METHODS:From ...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/hps100
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disturbances such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and others for which insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia have been proposed to be the underlying disorders. Several possible mechanisms linking insulin resistance and comp...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.12.017
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased adrenergic activity has been suggested to mediate the hypertension associated with hyperinsulinemia. This study tested whether combined alpha1- and beta-adrenergic receptor blockade would prevent insulin-induced hypertension when euglycemia was maintained by continuous intravenous glucose infusion. Sprague-D...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0895-7061(96)00254-3
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Retinal abnormalities, particularly arteriolar narrowing, are powerful predictors of cardiovascular events. The precision of internists and ophthalmologists in the assessment of retinal vessels widths has been disputed but not evaluated against a technology of edge detection. METHODS:Fifty-two patients with...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.10.012
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was performed to investigate the role of endogenous epinephrine in the regulation of vascular tone in hypertension. The release of endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine from the vascular adrenergic neurons by periarterial nerve stimulation was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-ma...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/3.1.52
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abnormal calcium metabolism has been implicated in human hypertension. Caffeine consumption may contribute to hypertension since it increases urinary calcium excretion. Nineteen hypertensive subjects (HTN) and nineteen age and gender matched normotensive controls (NTC) who habitually consumed at least 175 mg caffeine ...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-7061(95)00337-1
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study investigates the effects of chronic administration of omapatrilat (OMA) on blood pressure (BP), renal injury, and other variables in N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertension and in the low-renin model produced by the simultaneous administration of L-NAME and deoxycorticosterone...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(02)03144-8
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated whether the slow pressor action of small doses of angiotensin II (ANG II) administered to rats was accompanied by the development of structural vascular changes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (350 to 400 g) were given ANG II intraperitoneally, 200 ng/kg/min, for 7 to 10 days or 6 weeks, or 100 ng/kg/min for...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-7061(94)00192-E
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a population of 887 men and 1159 women aged 40 to 89 years in southern California, age adjusted systolic and diastolic blood pressures correlated significantly with sodium/potassium ratios estimated from casual urine samples. The relationship was apparent over the whole range of blood pressures and urinary electrol...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/3.6.505
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obesity has been described as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality, and some studies have reported an association with obesity and increased aortic stiffness. Other studies have not identified obesity to be an independent risk factor. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the association be...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ajh.2012.91
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is unknown whether the physiological impact of a given blood pressure (BP) varies by body size. We explored interactions between higher vs. lower systolic BP (SBP) targets and anthropometric measures (body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), height, weight) and recurrent stroke and death in the Sec...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ajh/hpu228
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical literature that has coalesced during the past two to three decades has identified adequate intake of nutrients from dairy foods as a common factor in the reduction of the disease burden of several common medical conditions. These include obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, kidney stones, cert...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2003.08.008
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Different methods of normalizing left ventricular (LV) mass for body size identify generally similar relative risks of adverse cardiovascular outcome but with variable prevalences of LV hypertrophy (H). Preliminary results from a population with high prevalence of obesity suggest that the population attribut...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.05.027
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to assess whether an interaction exists between the renin-angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system at the level of the adrenal medulla during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in normal humans. Seventeen healthy volunteers were studied in a randomized, single-dose, double-blind, cross...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ajh/5.6.361
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Functional status may be useful for identifying older adults who benefit from lower blood pressure. We examined whether functional status modifies the effect of antihypertensive treatment among older adults. METHODS:Post hoc analyses of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP), a randomized t...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ajh/hpv177
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is considered to be associated with increased risk for stroke, but there is a diversity in the results obtained. The genetic involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in stroke also remains unclear. To predict the genetic risk of lacunar infarction, we condu...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00184-3
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in promoting left ventricular (LV) remodeling in essential hypertension. We designed a controlled, randomized pilot study aimed to test the hypothesis that the dual RAS blockade with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ACEi) + angiotensin II re...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1038/ajh.2007.47
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Central artery reservoir-excess pressure parameters are clinically important but impractical to record directly. However, diastolic waveform morphology is consistent across central and peripheral arteries. Therefore, peripheral artery reservoir-excess pressure parameters related to diastolic waveform morphol...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/hpaa013
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is not clear which educational strategy is most effective in helping patients to change their lifestyles. This study compared the efficacy of two different educational models on reducing blood pressure (BP). METHODS:This was a randomized controlled trial in ambulatory hypertensive patients >65 years of a...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.10.005
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antioxidant protection provided by different doses of alpha-tocopherol was compared by determining nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in blood vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated with alpha-tocopherol. SHR were divided into four groups namely hypertensive control (C), treatment with 17 mg of alp...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00022-9
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00