Abstract:
:This article surveys the development of human hepatic P450 cytochromes (CYPs) involved in xenobiotic metabolism from the fetus through the life span and explores possible clinical consequences of developmental issues. These hepatic P450 CYPs come "on line" at different times during fetal and infant development, and each one is discussed in that temporal sequence. CYP3A7. the major fetal hepatic cytochrome, is present during organogenesis, and it is involved in steroid metabolism. Variably expressed in some fetuses, CYP3A5 is also present at significant levels in about half of all children. In adults, CYP3A4 is the major functional member of the CYP3A subfamily. CYP1A1 is also present during organogenesis, and it metabolizes exogenous toxins, some of which are procarcinogens. CYP2E1 may be present in some second-trimester fetuses, and it may be involved in prenatal alcohol metabolism. After birth, hepatic CYP2D6 and CYP2C8/9 and CYP2C18/19 become active. Both CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 have genetic polymorphisms that can bring about differing capacities to metabolize exogenous drugs, including psychotropic drugs. CYP1A2 becomes active in the fourth to fifth postfetal months. It provides the best current examples of the importance of developmental changes in xenobiotic-metabolizing P450 CYPs through its metabolism of caffeine and theophylline in premature infants, neonates, and adolescents.
journal_name
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacoljournal_title
Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacologyauthors
Oesterheld JRdoi
10.1089/cap.1998.8.161subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-01-01 00:00:00pages
161-74issue
3eissn
1044-5463issn
1557-8992journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:INTRODUCTION:This study compared two atomoxetine titration dosing schedules and two atomoxetine maintenance doses for treating adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. METHODS:Adolescents (N = 267) were randomized to a slow or fast titration schedule. Patien...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2008.074
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine fatty acid profiles, their response to omega-3 fatty acid (Ω3) supplementation, and associations with clinical status and treatment response in youth with mood disorders. METHODS:In a placebo-controlled 2X2 design, 7-14 year-olds (N = 95) in parallel pilot trials (depression N = 72; bipolar N = 23...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2016.0123
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Methylphenidate (MPH) is commonly used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in all children, including those with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS). Yet concerns have been raised regarding its safety and efficacy in VCFS. The goal of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of MPH ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2011.0042
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuroanatomical model involved in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) postulates a hyperactivation of orbitofrontal, limbic, and basal ganglia circuits. We report a case of OCD secondary to brain dysgerminoma affecting this circuit in an adolescent who responded to citalopram. The patient is...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/104454602760386950
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Impulsive-aggressive behaviors have been consistently implicated in the phenomenology, neurobiology, and familial aggregation of suicidal behavior. The purpose of this study was to extend previous work by examining laboratory behavioral measures of delayed reward impulsivity and impulsive aggression in adoles...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2014.0042
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Few studies of psychotropic medication use among children and adolescents address the effectiveness of this medication, as it is typically used in naturalistic treatment settings. The objective of this study was to investigate psychotropic medication use among children and adolescents treated in system of car...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2012.0026
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT A report of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in an adolescent patient with bipolar disorder is presented, and findings from a literature review of 35 child and adolescent cases (presenting before age 19) are compared with the reported experience in adults. Fever, rigidity, altered mental status, and tachy...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.1992.2.183
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent evidence indicates that atypical antipsychotics represent a promising option for the treatment of autistic disorder. In particular, risperidone appears to be effective in treating aggressiveness, hyperactivity, irritability, stereotypies, social withdrawal, and lack of interests. OBJECTIVE:The aim of...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/104454604773840472
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) on response interference, as measured by the Stoop Color and Word Test, in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Response interference is a core component of response inhibition that has been shown to be imp...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/104454602762599844
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of activation cluster adverse events (AC-AEs) in youths treated with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluvoxamine for anxiety and the relationship of AC-AEs to SSRI blood levels. METHODS:Data from the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharm...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2008.040
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Amantadine has a growing body of evidence for the treatment of aggressive behavior in patients with traumatic brain injury, autism spectrum disorder, and developmental disability. We describe our experience with adjunctive amantadine treatment for aggressive behavior in eight hospitalized children. METHODS:We ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2016.0042
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related conditions including Tourette's disorder (TD) are chronic, relapsing disorders of unknown etiology associated with marked impairment and disability. Associated immune dysfunction has been reported and debated in the literature since the late 80s. The immunologic culprit ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/cap.2010.0043
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urinary catecholamine excretion was assessed in 15 boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 16 normal controls during a defined physical and mental task. Dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine, norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG) ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.1996.6.63
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to conduct a prospective safety and tolerability study of aripiprazole for the treatment of tics in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder (TD). METHOD:Eleven subjects (10 males) with TD (age 9-19 years, mean 13.36, standard deviation [SD] 3.33) who did not respond or wer...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2009.0035
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Although recent studies and meta-analyses confirm the efficacy of antidepressants in the acute phase of treatment for adolescent depression, there are few data available to allow assessment of the value of continued use of antidepressants in depressed adolescents after acute response. This study examines the ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2008.0001
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to describe the special considerations for building rapport and establishing a therapeutic alliance when conducting mental health evaluations for children and adolescents via videoconferencing. METHODS:The authors review the literature and describe their experience in conducting...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2015.0022
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This article identifies and describes key considerations toward the development of a clinical guideline intended to optimize telemental healthcare (TMH) of children and adolescents. METHODS:The literature was searched with key terms and title words. Of 2824 articles that met primary or secondary key word sea...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/cap.2015.0129
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last 15 years, there has been a marked increase in the number of available stimulant formulations with the emphasis on long-acting formulations, and the introduction of several novel delivery systems such as orally dissolving tablets, chewable tablets, extended-release liquid formulations, transdermal patches, ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/cap.2019.0043
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bipolar disorder (BP) in youth is an impairing psychiatric disorder associated with high rates of relapse and recurrence. High rates of psychiatric and medical co-morbidities account for additional illness burden in pediatric BP. The elevated risk of overweight and obesity in this population is of particular concern. ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2010.0104
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing use of olanzapine for treating adolescent patients has brought with it greater awareness of the recognized side effects of this medication, especially weight gain. Of the reports of glucose dysregulation related to olanzapine therapy, only a few pertain to adolescents. We present five cases: two youths ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/104454603321666234
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In clinical samples, juvenile bipolar disorder (JBPD) is frequently accompanied by co-morbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Clinical trials assessing combined psychopharmacological interventions in this population are scarce, and methylphenidate (MPH) may worsen manic symptoms. We conducted a randomi...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2009.0037
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this article was to examine whether injuries in early childhood and gender predict prescriptions of stimulant medication in three groups of children: With attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and other psychiatric disorders (OPD). METHODS:This was a ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0101
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to compare the depression and burnout levels of mothers of children having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) between the child's pre- and posttreatment periods. METHOD:The study sample consisted of 40 children aged between 4 and 10 years and their mothers. Initially, 40 cases p...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2017.0050
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) can present with symptoms commonly found in mood and anxiety disorders. The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), Children's Communication Checklist (CCC-2), and the Social Reciprocity Scale (SRS) were used to screen children in a mood disorders research clinic setting for symp...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2005.15.452
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bipolar Disorders (BD) are often comorbid with disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs) (oppositional-defiant disorder or conduct disorder), with negative implications on treatment strategy and outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of quetiapine monotherapy in adolescents with BD comorbid with conduct...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0063
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study examined the effects of pediatric anxiety and its interaction with gender on reward processes. Based on the purported greater sensitivity to risk in females than males and the propensity for risk aversion in anxiety, clinical anxiety and female gender were hypothesized to act synergistically in red...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2015.0008
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the increased recognition of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents, few controlled studies have assessed treatments for this age group. Adolescent issues, such as embarrassment at receiving medication at school and experimentation with abusable substances, have accelerated ef...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/10445460050167313
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Objectives: The objective of this research was to understand physician, patient, and parent perspectives on barriers to second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) medication adherence in youth with bipolar spectrum disorders, and attitudes toward treatment of SGA-related weight...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2019.0184
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several studies have reported that patient ethnicity influences psychiatric diagnosis, although this has only been examined in adolescents in two prior studies. One study was based on an outpatient sample and the other was a retrospective study involving a relatively small sample of inpatients. We hypothesiz...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/104454601750143528
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to examine the association between the CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotype-predicted combined phenotypes and short-term measures of psychotropic efficacy and toxicity. METHODS:A rater-blinded, retrospective genotype association design examined a cohort of hospitalized pediatric psychiatric ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2008.0103
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00