Abstract:
:In the last 15 years, there has been a marked increase in the number of available stimulant formulations with the emphasis on long-acting formulations, and the introduction of several novel delivery systems such as orally dissolving tablets, chewable tablets, extended-release liquid formulations, transdermal patches, and novel "beaded" technology. All of these formulations involve changes to the pharmaceutical delivery systems of the two existing compounds most commonly employed to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), amphetamine (AMP) and methylphenidate (MPH). In addition to these new formulations, our knowledge about the individual differences in response has advanced and contributes to a more nuanced approach to treatment. The clinician can now make increasingly informed choices about these formulations and more effectively individualize treatment in a way that had not been possible before. In the absence of reliable biomarkers that can predict individualized response to ADHD treatment, clinical knowledge about differences in MPH and AMP pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism can be utilized to personalize treatment and optimize response. Different properties of these new formulations (delivery modality, onset of action, duration of response, safety, and tolerability) will most likely weigh heavily into the clinician's choice of formulation. To manage the broad range of options that are now available, clinicians should familiarize themselves in each of these categories for both stimulant compounds. This review is meant to serve as an update and a guide to newer stimulant formulations and includes a brief review of ADHD and stimulant properties.
journal_name
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacoljournal_title
Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacologyauthors
Steingard R,Taskiran S,Connor DF,Markowitz JS,Stein MAdoi
10.1089/cap.2019.0043subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-06-01 00:00:00pages
324-339issue
5eissn
1044-5463issn
1557-8992journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of ziprasidone in children and adolescents with bipolar I disorder. METHODS:Subjects 10-17 years of age with a manic or mixed episode associated with bipolar I disorder participated in a 4 week, randomized, double-blind, p...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2012.0029
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Clinical trials with a treatment duration of at least 3 months were reviewed to determine the effect of psychostimulants on the core symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and on its commonly associated features. Eighteen studies were identified: 17 were studies of methylphenidate, 1 was ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.1993.3.81
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to examine immediate-release methylphenidate effectiveness during the 10-month open-label continuation phase of the Preschoolers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Treatment Study (PATS). METHODS:One hundred and forty preschoolers with ADHD, who had improved with a...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2007.0058
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although sensory deficits are frequently observed in autistic individuals, pharmacologic interventions targeting these abnormalities are lacking. The goal of this investigation was to assess the effectiveness of aripiprazole in targeting sensory deficits in children and adolescents with autism. Using an outpatient cli...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2010.0103
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although there are reports on their use for the treatment of enuresis, we present three pediatric cases with serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-induced enuresis. Because SSRIs continue to be commonly prescribed in the pediatric population, the need to monitor for the possibility of enuresis precipitated by ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2006.0070
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT The sudden collapse and death in three prepubertal children during routine treatment with desipramine was recently reported in brief statements. Insufficient clinical information is available to infer a cause-and-effect relationship between the therapeutic use of desipramine and sudden death in these children...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.1990.1.125
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the increased recognition of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents, few controlled studies have assessed treatments for this age group. Adolescent issues, such as embarrassment at receiving medication at school and experimentation with abusable substances, have accelerated ef...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/10445460050167313
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Current concerns about antidepressant efficacy in children and adolescents are reminiscent of the history of adult studies. Such awareness should temper these concerns, especially in view of the enormous progress in the last two decades of studies of adult depression. A number of methodologie, nosologie, deve...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.1992.2.31
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study is to identify predictors of pill placebo response and to characterize the temporal course of pill placebo response in anxious youth. METHODS:Data from placebo-treated patients (N = 76) in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS), a multisite, randomized controlled trial th...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2016.0198
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the course of autistic symptoms, using a quantitative measure of core autistic traits, among risperidone-treated children who participated in a 10 year life course longitudinal study. METHODS:Parents completed surveys of intervention history, as well as serial sym...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2014.0055
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Recent research suggests that not only parental psychopathology, but also parenting practices, have a role to play in the development of child posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) following a natural disaster. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between parents' perceptions of their parent...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0051
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to examine similarities and differences between disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) and bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (BP-NOS) in baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and 36 month course of irritability in children 6-12.9 years of age. METH...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2015.0062
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This single case reports an open trial of lamotrigine in the treatment of self-injurious behavior (SIB) and epilepsy in an 18-year-old female diagnosed with generalized seizure disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, and compulsive SIB in the context of profound mental retardation. Animal models of SIB suggest that t...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.1996.6.273
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Although recent studies and meta-analyses confirm the efficacy of antidepressants in the acute phase of treatment for adolescent depression, there are few data available to allow assessment of the value of continued use of antidepressants in depressed adolescents after acute response. This study examines the ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2008.0001
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Objective: Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with Streptococcus pyogenes infection (PANDAS) and pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) are emerging immune-mediated encephalopathies characterized by sudden onset of seemingly inexplica...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2018.0151
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The use of methylphenidate (MPH) in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is widely accepted; however, there is increased concern regarding its abuse potential. Few studies have examined the reinforcing effects of drugs in individuals receiving them for clinical purposes. This study...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2005.15.729
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diagnosis of bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD) is difficult to evaluate in child and adolescent populations. The current study examines whether commonly used behavior checklists- the Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher Report Form, and the Youth Self-Report form-are clinically useful in making a differential diagnos...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/104454603322724869
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to present the reliability and validity of the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) in the adolescent age group. METHOD:Adolescents with symptoms of depression were assessed using the CDRS-R and global severity and functioning scales at screening, baseline, and after ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2010.0063
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Studies have primarily focused on adverse life events (ALEs) as potential causes rather than as outcomes of pediatric depression. The current study prospectively examines ALEs in a sample of youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) to determine whether having a major depressive disorder (M...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2011.0046
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this trial was to investigate the short-term safety and efficacy of quetiapine fumarate in the treatment of children and adolescents with autistic disorder (AD). METHOD:This was a 16-week, open-label trial that included 6 male subjects with a mean age of 10.9 +/- 3.3 years. All subjects met th...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.1999.9.99
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Patterns of benzodiazepine (BZD) use and long-term use among young adults are not well known. Our aim was to study trends in BZD use and long-term use among 18-25-year-old young adults by gender and active substance in a nationwide retrospective longitudinal register-based setting. METHODS:All Finns aged 18-...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2017.0140
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the methodological challenges and decisions made in developing a multisite, controlled study of risperidone in children and adolescents with autism. METHODS:Review the design considerations for clinical trials in children with autistic disorder accompanied by severe tantrums, aggressive and/or se...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/104454601317261555
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is commonly associated with a host of challenging behaviors. Pharmacotherapy is indicated if psychosocial and educational interventions fail. Atypical antipsychotics have the strongest evidence base so far, with both risperidone and aripiprazole being FDA approved. Unfortunately, their u...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2016.0182
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to conduct a prospective safety and tolerability study of aripiprazole for the treatment of tics in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder (TD). METHOD:Eleven subjects (10 males) with TD (age 9-19 years, mean 13.36, standard deviation [SD] 3.33) who did not respond or wer...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2009.0035
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:This study compared two atomoxetine titration dosing schedules and two atomoxetine maintenance doses for treating adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. METHODS:Adolescents (N = 267) were randomized to a slow or fast titration schedule. Patien...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2008.074
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) on response interference, as measured by the Stoop Color and Word Test, in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Response interference is a core component of response inhibition that has been shown to be imp...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/104454602762599844
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the prevalence and incidence of antidepressant use among children and adolescents in Finland post October, 2003. METHOD:The sample comprised all children and adolescents in Finland aged < or =19.0 years (n = 27,676) who collected one or more reimbursed prescrip...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2009.0040
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Objective: To explore blinded observational outcomes in the Treatment of Severe Childhood Aggression (TOSCA) study. Methods: During a 9-week acute trial, children with severe physical aggression and attention-deficit/hyperactiv...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2019.0109
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Abnormal prefrontal and subcortical activity during cognitive control tasks is identified in non-depressed adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD); however, little is known about the neural correlates of bipolar adolescents in a depressed state (BDd). We aimed to investigate baseline versus after-treatment pat...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2012.0054
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A preliminary clinical observation suggests the possibility of changes in valproate level when coadministered with guanfacine. Two pediatric inpatients (8 and 9 years of age) were treated with valproic acid and guanfacine concurrently. In one child, when guanfacine was tapered and discontinued, the plasma valproate co...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.1998.8.143
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00