Abstract:
:Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) like other herpesviruses, expresses sequentially immediate early (IE), early, and late genes during lytic infection. Evidence of ability to establish latent infection has not been available, but by analogy with other herpesviruses it could be expected that IE genes that regulate and transactivate late genes would not be expressed. We report that peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy individuals infected with HHV-6 express the U94 gene, transcribed under IE conditions. Transcription of other IE genes (U16/17, U39, U42, U81, U89/90, U91) was not detected. To verify that U94 may play a role in the maintenance of the latent state, we derived lymphoid cell lines that stably expressed U94. HHV-6 was able to infect these cells, but viral replication was restricted. No cytopathic effect developed. Furthermore, viral transcripts were present in the first days postinfection and declined thereafter. A similar decline in the level of intracellular viral DNA also was observed. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the U94 gene product of HHV-6 regulates viral gene expression and enables the establishment and/or maintenance of latent infection in lymphoid cells.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Rotola A,Ravaioli T,Gonelli A,Dewhurst S,Cassai E,Di Luca Ddoi
10.1073/pnas.95.23.13911subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-11-10 00:00:00pages
13911-6issue
23eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Glaucoma is a common cause of vision loss or blindness and reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) has been proven beneficial in a large fraction of glaucoma patients. The IOP is maintained by the trabecular meshwork (TM) and the elevation of IOP in open-angle glaucoma is associated with dysfunction and loss of the po...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1604153113
更新日期:2016-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Cell-surface labeling with fluorescamine indicates that the fluorescence of Balb 3T3 A31 cells in considerably decreased after both viral and chemical transformation. This phenomenon, coupled with the technique of flow microfluorometry, enabled nontransformed and transformed cells to be distinguished. A second fluroes...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.4.1626
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emotional responses, such as fear and anxiety, are fundamentally important behavioral phenomena with strong fitness components in most animal species. Anxiety-related disorders continue to represent a major unmet medical need in our society, mostly because we still do not fully understand the mechanisms of these disea...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1707663115
更新日期:2018-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::High-throughput metagenomic sequencing offers an unbiased approach to identify pathogens in clinical samples. Conventional metagenomic sequencing, however, does not integrate information about the host, which is often critical to distinguish infection from infectious disease, and to assess the severity of disease. Her...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1906320116
更新日期:2019-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Expression of the bovine papillomavirus E2 regulatory protein in human cervical carcinoma cell lines repressed expression of the resident human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncogenes and within a few days caused essentially all of the cells to synchronously display numerous phenotypic markers characteristic of cells under...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.20.10978
更新日期:2000-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::We performed label-free observation of molecular dynamics in apoptotic cells by Raman microscopy. Dynamic changes in cytochrome c distribution at the Raman band of 750 cm(-1) were observed after adding an apoptosis inducer to the cells. The comparison of mitochondria fluorescence images and Raman images of cytochrome ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1107524108
更新日期:2012-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::We model experience-dependent plasticity in the cortical representation of whiskers (the barrel cortex) in normal adult rats, and in adult rats that were prenatally exposed to alcohol. Prenatal exposure to alcohol (PAE) caused marked deficits in experience-dependent plasticity in a cortical barrel-column. Cortical pla...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.051346398
更新日期:2001-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Most new genes are thought to evolve from preexisting genes but duplications of entire genes or shuffling of preexisting exons provides only a limited repertoire of new sequences that can be presented to a cell. Only pieces that previously existed can be used in the construction and any further divergence depends on t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.16.7506
更新日期:1994-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a method for rapidly generating thermostable enzyme variants. Our strategy is to introduce the gene coding for a given enzyme from a mesophilic organism into a thermophile, Bacillus stearothermophilus. Variants that retain the enzymatic activity at the higher growth temperatures of the thermophile are the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.3.576
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is a widely expressed IL-12p40-related protein that associates as a heterodimer with either IL-12p35 or an IL-12p35 homologue, p28, to create a new cytokine (IL-27). To define the function of EBI3 in vivo, we generated knockout mice in which the ebi3 gene was targeted by homolo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.252648899
更新日期:2002-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::The restoration of planar cell polarity is an essential but poorly understood step toward physiological recovery during sensory-organ regeneration. Investigating this issue in the lateral line of the zebrafish, we found that hair cells regenerate in pairs along a single axis established by the restricted localization ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0608536103
更新日期:2006-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::Dust grains of organic matter were the main reservoir of C and N in the forming Solar System and are thus considered to be an essential ingredient for the emergence of life. However, the physical environment and the chemical mechanisms at the origin of these organic grains are still highly debated. In this study, we r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1808101115
更新日期:2018-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::The identification and targeting of key molecular drivers of melanoma and breast and lung cancer have substantially improved their therapy. However, subtypes of each of these three common, lethal solid tumors lack identified molecular drivers, and are thus not amenable to targeted therapies. Here we show that pleckstr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1804779115
更新日期:2018-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::The "protein only" hypothesis states that the infectious agent causing transmissible spongiform encephalopathies is a conformational isomer of PrP, a host protein predominantly expressed in brain, and is strongly supported by many lines of evidence. Prion diseases are so far unique among conformational diseases in tha...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.172403799
更新日期:2002-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::The relatively short read lengths associated with the most cost-effective DNA sequencing technologies have limited their use in de novo genome assembly, structural variation detection, and haplotype-resolved genome sequencing. Consequently, there is a strong need for methods that capture various scales of contiguity i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1202680109
更新日期:2012-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::The triphenylmethane derivative aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), but not aurin, selectively prevented the binding of OKT4A/Leu-3a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and, to a lesser extent, OKT4 mAb to the CD4 cell receptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The effect was seen within 1 min at an ATA concentration ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.9.3322
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous reciprocal mitotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, associated with heteroallelic recombination, occurs almost exclusively at the two-strand stage and involves recombination of unduplicated chromosomes (i.e., during G1) or the unduplicated regions of chromosomes during the S phase of mi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.9.4436
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surfaces with patterned wettability contrast are important in industrial applications such as heat transfer, water collection, and particle separation. Traditional methods of fabricating such surfaces rely on microfabrication technologies, which are only applicable to certain substrates and are difficult to scale up a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1522700113
更新日期:2016-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::A glycoprotein was isolated and purified to homogeneity from the serum of a patient with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. NaDodSO4/PAGE of the glycoprotein revealed a single major band at Mr approximately 77,000. Antibodies to this glycoprotein were shown to possess the following immunoreactivity: (i) they reacted by r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.15.4934
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulates cytokines in arthritis and is, in turn, regulated by MAPK kinase (MKK) 3 and MKK6. To modulate p38 function but potentially minimize toxicity, we evaluated the utility of targeting MKK3 by using MKK3(-/-) mice. These studies showed that TNF-alpha increased phosphor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0509188103
更新日期:2006-04-04 00:00:00
abstract::The three-dimensional structures of avian H5 and swine H9 influenza hemagglutinins (HAs) from viruses closely related to those that caused outbreaks of human disease in Hong Kong in 1997 and 1999 were determined bound to avian and human cell receptor analogs. Emerging influenza pandemics have been accompanied by the e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.201401198
更新日期:2001-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::DNA sequences in Neurospora crassa that code for ribosomal RNA have been isolated in a highly purified state by DNA-RNA hybridization. About 100 separate ribosomal RNA genes exist in each nucleus. These genes are composed of repeated sequences that are present about 100 times per nucleus. The individual members of thi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.11.3256
更新日期:1972-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of all the myosin filaments in muscle, the most important in terms of human health, and so far the least studied, are those in the human heart. Here we report a 3D single-particle analysis of electron micrograph images of negatively stained myosin filaments isolated from human cardiac muscle in the normal (undiseased)...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1212708110
更新日期:2013-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of irreversible cell lineage commitment depends on a delicate balance between positive and negative regulators, which comprise a sophisticated network of transcription factors. Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) stimulates the differentiation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts through the induction o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0912779107
更新日期:2010-02-16 00:00:00
abstract::When the magnetic susceptibility of frozen aqueous solutions of human oxyhemoglobin was measured in the range between 25 and 250 K, it showed a temperature-dependent behavior typical of a thermal equilibrium between a ground singlet state and an excited triplet state for two electrons per heme, the energy separation b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.2.398
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations responsible for inherited disease may act by disrupting normal transcriptional splicing. Such mutations can be difficult to detect, and their effects difficult to characterize, because many lie deep within exons or introns where they may alter splice enhancers or silencers or introduce new splice acceptors o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1915608116
更新日期:2019-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori chronically infects the human gastric mucosa and is the leading risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. The molecular mechanisms of H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis remain ill defined. In this study, we examined the possibility that H. pylori directly co...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1100959108
更新日期:2011-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::Many urological studies rely on models of animals, such as rats and pigs, but their relation to the human urinary system is poorly understood. Here, we elucidate the hydrodynamics of urination across five orders of magnitude in body mass. Using high-speed videography and flow-rate measurement obtained at Zoo Atlanta, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1402289111
更新日期:2014-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the complexity of anisotropic turbulent processes over a wide range of spatiotemporal scales in engineering shear turbulence as well as climate atmosphere ocean science is a grand challenge of contemporary science with important societal impact. In such inhomogeneous turbulent dynamical systems there is ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1510465112
更新日期:2015-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::The thin layer of airway surface liquid (ASL) contains antimicrobial substances that kill the small numbers of bacteria that are constantly being deposited in the lungs. An increase in ASL salt concentration inhibits the activity of airway antimicrobial factors and may partially explain the pathogenesis of cystic fibr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.21.11614
更新日期:2000-10-10 00:00:00