当前位置： SCI文献检索 > JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH期刊下所有文献 > Food patterns, flour fortification, and intakes of calcium and vitamin D: a longitudinal study of Danish adults.

Food patterns, flour fortification, and intakes of calcium and vitamin D: a longitudinal study of Danish adults.

Abstract：

STUDY OBJECTIVE:Deficiencies in calcium and vitamin D intakes are involved in the aetiology of osteoporosis, and health authorities recommend that the population consume a diet providing sufficient calcium and vitamin D. However, in 1987 the Danish Government withdrew a mandatory fortification of flour with calcium. This study examines intakes of calcium and vitamin D over time, in relation to food patterns, recommendations, and legislation. DESIGN:Food and nutrient intakes were measured by a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a thorough diet history interview, in 1987/88, and again six years later. SETTING:Copenhagen County, Denmark. PARTICIPANTS:329 men and women, aged 35-65 years at first examination in 1987/88. RESULTS:At both examinations the non-enriched median intakes of calcium in men as well as women were above the recommended 600 mg/day. However, apparently the fortification of flour supplied up to 30% of the total calcium intake, and without the mandatory fortification, the percentage of adults with intakes below this recommendation increased from 6% to 22%. This group of subjects consumed cheese, milk, and oatmeal less often than those who had calcium intakes over 600 mg/day. During the study period the median intakes of vitamin D, which were well below the recommended 5 micrograms/day, did not change significantly. Associations between foods and vitamin D intakes were, in general, weak and insignificant, except for a positive association with fish intake. CONCLUSIONS:Data on calcium intakes suggest that the decision to stop the mandatory fortification of flour with calcium may have been premature. The short FFQ may be used for a rough classification of people in relation to their calcium intake, while this method seems insufficient for ranking vitamin D intakes.

journal_name

J Epidemiol Community Health

journal_title

Journal of epidemiology and community health

authors

Osler M,Heitmann BL

doi

10.1136/jech.52.3.161

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1998-03-01 00:00:00

pages

161-5

issue

3

eissn

0143-005X

issn

1470-2738

journal_volume

52

pub_type

杂志文章

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