Abstract:
BACKGROUND:In India, excess female under-5 mortality is well documented. Under-5 mortality is also known to be patterned by socioeconomic factors. This study examines sex differentials and sex-specific wealth gradients in neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality in India. METHODS:Repeated cross-sectional study of nationally representative samples of 298 955 children 0-60 months old from the National Family Health Surveys conducted in 2005-2006 and 2015-2016. The study used logistic regression models as well as Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS:Overall, boys had greater neonatal mortality than girls and the difference increased between 2005-2006 and 2015-2016. Girls had greater postneonatal and child mortality, but the difference decreased between the surveys and was not statistically significant for child mortality in 2015-2016. A negative wealth gradient was found for all mortality outcomes. Neonatal mortality was persistently greater for boys. Girls had higher child mortality than boys at low levels of wealth and greater postneonatal mortality over much of the wealth distribution. The wealth gradient in neonatal mortality increased between surveys. Females had a stronger wealth gradient than boys for child mortality. CONCLUSION:Not distinguishing between neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality masks important gender-specific and wealth-specific disparities in under-5 mortality in India. Substantial gains towards the Sustainable Development Goals can be made by combating neonatal mortality, especially at low levels of wealth. Although impressive improvements have been made in reducing the female disadvantage in postneonatal and child mortality, concerted engagements are necessary to eliminate the gender gap-especially in poor households and in north India.
journal_name
J Epidemiol Community Healthjournal_title
Journal of epidemiology and community healthauthors
Karlsson O,Kim R,Joe W,Subramanian SVdoi
10.1136/jech-2018-211569subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-01 00:00:00pages
660-667issue
7eissn
0143-005Xissn
1470-2738pii
jech-2018-211569journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of history in public health and its relevance to current practice and professional development. DESIGN:An analysis of the issues surrounding the poor attention paid to the history of public health by its current practitioners. SETTING:The paper is written from the perspective of pr...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2003.014340
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to estimate the health and social costs of tobacco use in Ontario, Canada. DESIGN:This was a cost-benefit analysis based on cross sectional data in 1988, stratified by age and sex, using an attributable risk model. The total cost of the consequences of tobacco use in the society includ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.50.1.81
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim was to estimate the likely burden of cervical cancer in New Zealand over the next two decades, according to whether cervical screening services are made more effective. DESIGN:The study was based on national mortality and incidence data for the periods 1954-87 and 1954-86, respectively. An age-...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.46.4.373
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study of 150 hotel prostitutes in Lagos was undertaken to determine their socioeconomic identity and, through an assessment of their health knowledge, attitude, and practice, their probable impact on public health. The subjects were selected from 15 hotels, representing 20% of the estimated hotel universe in Lagos a...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.34.4.312
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin D deficiency occurs worldwide. Winter season and high Body Mass Index (BMI) are associated with low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). We estimated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a Norwegian adult population and examined factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. A cohort of 25, 616 a...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2013-202587
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim was to examine disease concurrence, using diabetes mellitus as an ullustrative example. DESIGN:The study involved a general practice morbidity survey, conducted over 12 months in 1981-82. All patients who consulted their general practitioners with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (type 1 or typ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.45.1.73
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the association between own education, adult and parental circumstances and the risk of myocardial infarction in a former communist country. DESIGN:Population based case-control study. SETTING:General population of five districts of the Czech Republic in the age group 25-64 years. PARTICIPANTS:Ran...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.54.2.91
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The hypothesis that patients with hyperglycaemia during admission, regardless of previous diagnosis of diabetes, have worse prognosis than those with normal glucose values is controversial. The objective was to assess the role of hyperglycaemia on short-term mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.56.9.707
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although long working hours have been shown to be associated with the onset of cardiometabolic diseases, the clinical risk factor profile associated with long working hours remains unclear. We compared the clinical risk profile between people who worked long hours and those who reported being never exposed t...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2018-210943
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of area of residence on functional health as represented by medical outcomes study SF-36 physical and mental component summary scores. DESIGN:Multilevel analysis of cross sectional data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk, UK (EPIC-...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2003.012518
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is concern that increasing demand for student mental health services reflects deteriorating student well-being. We designed a pragmatic, parallel, single-blinded randomised controlled trial hypothesising that providing mindfulness courses to university students would promote their resilience to stress ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2020-214390
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To develop a self administered Chinese (mainland) version of the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) for use in health related quality of life measurements in China. DESIGN:A three stage protocol was followed including translation, tests of scaling construction and scoring assumptions, validation, and nor...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.57.4.259
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To measure the geographical variation in prevalence of cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and their control in a nationally representative sample of older British women. METHODS:Baseline survey using general practitioner record review, a self completed questionnaire, research nurse interview, and physica...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.57.2.134
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Active ageing is a key to healthy ageing; shopping behaviour is an economically relevant activity of the elderly. METHODS:Analysis was based on the NAHSIT 1999-2000 dataset. A total of 1841 representative free-living elderly Taiwanese people were selected and information included demographics, socioeconomic...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2010.126698
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Over the last decades of the 20th century, a widening of the gap in death rates between upper and lower socioeconomic groups has been reported for many European countries. For most countries, it is unknown whether this widening has continued into the first decade of the 21st century. METHODS:We collected an...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2014-204319
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:A statistical test that allows for adjustment of confounding can be helpful for the study of seasonal patterns. The aim of this article is to supply a detailed description of such a method. An example of its application is given. DESIGN:A statistical test is presented that retains the information on th...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.53.4.235
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study contributes robust evidence on the association between mental health and local crime rates by showing how changing exposure to small area-level crime relates to self-reported and administrative data on mental health. METHODS:The study sample comprised 112 251 adults aged 16-60 years, drawn from t...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2020-213837
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the short term effect of air pollution on cardiovascular admissions in 14 Spanish cities METHODS:The period under study was from 1995 to 1999. Daily emergency admissions for all cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and heart diseases (HD) were obtained from hospital records, and the corresponding daily ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/jech.2005.037978
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growing concern about the global burden of child mental health disorders has generated an increased interest in population-level efforts to improve child mental health. This in turn has led to a shift in emphasis away from treatment of established disorders and towards prevention and promotion. Prevention efforts are ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2013-203712
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a randomised controlled trial intensive individual anti-smoking advice given in parallel with hospital antenatal care did not influence the outcome of pregnancy. The belief that retardation of fetal growth caused by maternal smoking occurs in late pregnancy is not well based, and the advice may not have been given ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 传,古典文章,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.50.3.232
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Global Polio Eradication Initiative to eradicate polio completely by the year 2000 has been successful, except for three endemic and some non-endemic countries. Pakistan, one of the three endemic polio reservoirs, is posing a serious threat to the success of the initiative. Currently, the expanded programme on imm...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech-2012-202162
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2018-210977
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.077198
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the short term health effects of improving housing. DESIGN:Randomised to waiting list. SETTING:119 council owned houses in south Devon, UK. PARTICIPANTS:About 480 residents of these houses. INTERVENTION:Upgrading houses (including central heating, ventilation, rewiring, insulation, and re-roofin...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2006.048462
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study were to examine (1) trends concerning financial assistance from the national government to local governments, (2) trends regarding death rates and life expectancies among prefectures, and (3) the effect of the national financial adjustment policy in equalising both the reve...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.55.10.748
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore whether the predictive power of mid-life ECG abnormalities and conventional cardiovascular risk factors for future stroke change over a 30-year follow-up period, and whether a repeated examination improves their predictive power. DESIGN AND SETTING:Longitudinal population-based study. PARTICIPAN...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2006.048074
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A survey in a London borough showed that 15% of adults living at home were restricted in one or more areas of their lives because of illness. A sample of these adults aged 25 to 75 years was interviewed using a validated medical questionnaire, and the severity of their restrictions was also assessed using a separate i...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.40.1.59
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Modifications in working conditions can accommodate changing needs of chronically ill persons. The self-employed may have more possibilities than employees to modify their working conditions. We investigate how working conditions change following diagnosis of chronic disease for employed and self-employed ol...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2017-210328
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The world is increasingly shaped by powerful global forces, many of which have consequences for human health and the social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health are increasingly determined at a supranational level. As a result, local or national level efforts to influence health determinants can ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2004.027854
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To clarify concepts and methodological problems in existing multidimensional health status measures for children. DESIGN:Thematic review of instruments found by computerised and manual searches, 1979-95. SUBJECTS:Nine health status instruments. MAIN RESULTS:Many instruments did not satisfy criteria o...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech.50.4.391
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00