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Changing levels of local crime and mental health: a natural experiment using self-reported and service use data in Scotland.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:This study contributes robust evidence on the association between mental health and local crime rates by showing how changing exposure to small area-level crime relates to self-reported and administrative data on mental health. METHODS:The study sample comprised 112 251 adults aged 16-60 years, drawn from the Scottish Longitudinal Study, a 5.3% representative sample of Scottish population followed across censuses. Outcomes were individual mental health indicators: self-reported mental illness from the 2011 Census and linked administrative data on antidepressants and antipsychotics prescribed through primary care providers in the National Health Service in 2010/2012. Crime rates at data zone level (500-1000 persons) were matched to the participants' main place of residence, as defined by general practitioner patient registration duration during 2004/2006, 2007/2009 and 2010/12. Average neighbourhood crime exposure and change in area crime were computed. Covariate-adjusted logistic regressions were conducted, stratified by moving status. RESULTS:In addition to average crime exposure during follow-up, recent increases in crime (2007/2009-2010/2012) were associated with a higher risk of self-reported mental illness, among 'stayers' aged 16-30 years (OR=1.11; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.22), and among 'movers' aged 31-45 years (OR=1.07; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.13). Prescribed medications reinforced these findings; worsening crime rates were linked with antidepressant prescriptions among young stayers (OR=1.09; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.14) and with antipsychotic prescriptions among younger middle-aged movers (OR=1.11; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.23). CONCLUSION:Changing neighbourhood crime exposure is related to individual mental health, but associations differ by psychiatric conditions, age and moving status. Crime reduction and prevention, especially in communities with rising crime rates, may benefit public mental health.

journal_name

J Epidemiol Community Health

journal_title

Journal of epidemiology and community health

authors

Baranyi G,Cherrie M,Curtis SE,Dibben C,Pearce J

doi

10.1136/jech-2020-213837

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-10-01 00:00:00

pages

806-814

issue

eissn

0143-005X

issn

1470-2738

pii

jech-2020-213837

journal_volume

pub_type

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Changing levels of local crime and mental health: a natural experiment using self-reported and service use data in Scotland.