Abstract:
:In 1999 a great multi-site clinical trial known as the randomised Aldactone evaluation study (RALES) showed that the use of spironolactone importantly reduced complications attributable to chronic heart failure without major negative side effects. Recently, RALES has been questioned by a large scale observational study in the Ontario population. In contrast with predictions, the complications and mortality increased dramatically because of hyperkalaemia, reaching dimensions that from a public health perspective are comparable to an epidemic. This review analyses both researches in the light of Karl Popper's science theory applying the modus tollens syllogism to the reality proposed by the main empirical enunciations that ensue from its epidemiological designs. RALES is deductively refuted because of the non-fulfillment of auxiliary assumptions that would act as reciprocal potential falsifiers in both studies, taking the logical form of a bi-conditional argument of the type: (a) P-then-Q and (b) Q-if-X(P), X(P) being a set of potential falsifiers of Q as part of the explicit falsity content of P. From this popperian model, implications for clinical research are discussed.
journal_name
J Epidemiol Community Healthjournal_title
Journal of epidemiology and community healthauthors
Koch E,Otarola A,Kirschbaum Adoi
10.1136/jech.2004.031633keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-11-01 00:00:00pages
1000-6issue
11eissn
0143-005Xissn
1470-2738pii
59/11/1000journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Cancer screening in the USA is suboptimal, particularly for individuals living in vulnerable communities. This study aimed to understand how rurality and racial segregation are independently and interactively associated with cancer screening and cancer fatalism. METHODS:We used data from a nationally repres...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2019-212425
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A self-rating measure of stigma and several supplementary questions were devised in order to assess perceived stigma in a community survey of the quality of life in 420 rectal cancer patients, of whom 265 had a permanent colostomy. Half the patients felt stigmatised, higher proportions being observed among younger pat...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.38.4.284
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the protective effect of storing firearms locked or unloaded, or both, on the risk of suicide by firearms among people with relatively low intention to die. DESIGN AND SETTING:Cross sectional survey. The 1993 National Mortality Followback Survey of 22 957 deaths in the United States, representing...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech.2003.017343
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Inconsistent results have been found on the association between air pollution and stroke mortality. Additionally, evidence on people who are potentially sensitive to air pollution-associated stroke mortality is limited. METHODS:Daily stroke mortality of adults aged over 65 between 2003 and 2008 in Shanghai,...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2012-201096
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Before and during peak influenza periods there is increased morbidity from other respiratory tract disorders. Sentinel networks of primary care physicians can be very effective in the early detection of influenza epidemics and the German network, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Influenza (AGI), began its work in thi...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.49.suppl_1.9
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To develop a cross disciplinary literature search methodology for conducting systematic reviews of all types of research investigating aspects of the built environment and the health of the public. DESIGN:The method was developed following a comprehensive search of literature in the area of housing and...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.56.1.48
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the short term effect of air pollution on cardiovascular admissions in 14 Spanish cities METHODS:The period under study was from 1995 to 1999. Daily emergency admissions for all cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and heart diseases (HD) were obtained from hospital records, and the corresponding daily ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/jech.2005.037978
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite a clear impact on the Canadian economy, little is known about the subsequent health impacts of the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) in this country. This study fills this gap in knowledge by conducting a repeated cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). METHODS:Data...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2016-207661
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:Sociodemographic differentials in cancer survival have occasionally been studied by using a relative survival approach, where all cause mortality among persons with a cancer diagnosis is compared with that among similar persons without such a diagnosis ("normal" mortality). One should ideally take into...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.56.4.309
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The purpose of the study was to examine adult body height as an indicator of general health. DESIGN:The study was a survey of a randomly selected sample of the adult Swedish population obtained by the Swedish National Central Bureau of Statistics. PARTICIPANTS:The sample studied was identified in 1980...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.43.4.380
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study contributes robust evidence on the association between mental health and local crime rates by showing how changing exposure to small area-level crime relates to self-reported and administrative data on mental health. METHODS:The study sample comprised 112 251 adults aged 16-60 years, drawn from t...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2020-213837
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In epidemiological studies the diagnosis of a past history of myocardial infarction is made from the answer to a single question: "Have you ever had a severe pain across the front of your chest lasting for half an hour or more?" Two additional questions, which form an optional part of the London School of Hygiene and ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.42.2.116
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several models have been proposed to explain the association between ethnicity and health. It was investigated whether the association between Roma ethnicity and health is fully mediated by socioeconomic status in Hungary. METHODS:Comparative health interview surveys were performed in 2003-04 on representat...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.079715
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:People living in highly walkable neighbourhoods tend to be more physically active and less likely to be obese. Whether walkable urban design reduces the future risk of diabetes is less clear. METHODS:We used inverse probability of treatment weighting to compare 10-year diabetes incidence between residents l...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2018-210510
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim was to explore the relationships between five socioeconomic variables and three main cardiovascular diseases (ischaemic heart disease, hypertensive disease, and cerebrovascular disease) in Hong Kong. DESIGN:This cross sectional study used data from the 1986 by-census and registered death data f...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.46.2.148
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim of this paper is to systematically review and analyse the validity and reliability of Antonovsky's life orientation questionnaire/sense of coherence scale (SOC). DESIGN:The study is descriptive and analytical with a systematic integration of the contemporary knowledge base on the salutogenic re...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech.2003.018085
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Modifications in working conditions can accommodate changing needs of chronically ill persons. The self-employed may have more possibilities than employees to modify their working conditions. We investigate how working conditions change following diagnosis of chronic disease for employed and self-employed ol...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2017-210328
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the loss of life expectancy attributable to tobacco taxation (via financial hardship and flow-on health effect) in New Zealand. DESIGN:Data were used on the gradients in life expectancy and smoking by neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation and survey data on tobacco expenditure. Three estimates ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2003.011528
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the association of self-reported health (SRH) with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, life stress, and sociobehavioural factors in adults aged 55 and over. DESIGN:Secondary analysis of data from the Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study (SEBAS) in Taiwan in 2000, comprising 1023 individu...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/jech.2007.063917
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Birthweight and gestational age are the two most commonly used continuous variables in perinatal research. Dichotomous outcomes derived from these two variables include low birthweight, preterm birth and small for gestational age, each extensively used as perinatal and population health indicators within public health...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200772
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among different ethnic groups and the influence of deprivation on the prevalence of diabetes among Māori and New Zealand Europeans was investigated. METHODS:This was a cross-sectional survey on all patients registered with 10 practices in the Rotorua General Practice Gro...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.078873
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Socioeconomic factors may influence changes in hip fracture (HF) incidence over time. We analysed HF temporal trends during the Bone and Joint Decade in Portugal (BJD-Portugal), 2000-2010, by regional socioeconomic status (SES), sex and age. METHODS:We selected registers of patients aged 50+ years with HF (...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206508
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:Several studies have reported an association between income inequality and increased mortality, but few have used net income data, controlled for individual income, or evaluated sensitivity to the choice of inequality measure. The study tested the hypotheses that people in regions of Britain with the gr...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.56.6.436
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To estimate ethnic and socioeconomic differences in breast cancer incidence and survival between South Asians and non-South Asians in England and Wales, and to provide a baseline for surveillance of cancer survival in South Asians, the largest ethnic minority. SETTING:115 712 women diagnosed with firs...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2004.030965
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:No clear synthesis of evidence examining household and area-level social determinants of multimorbidity exists. This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature on associations between household and area-level social determinants of health (SDoH) and multimorbidity prevalence or incidence in...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech-2020-214691
更新日期:2020-11-06 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To estimate the incidence of occupational asthma seen by respiratory and occupational physicians in the UK in 1989 and 1990. DESIGN:New cases of occupational asthma were taken from a national reporting scheme, the Surveillance of Work-related and Occupational Respiratory Disease Project (SWORD). Estima...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.47.6.459
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the areas affected and the scale of an epidemic of thunderstorm associated asthma on the night of 24/25 June 1994 and to explore the spatial and temporal relationship between the thunderstorm and the associated epidemic. SETTING:The 29 offices of a deputising service for general practitioners' (G...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.51.3.233
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is now recommended irrespective of CD4 count. However data on the relationship between CD4 count at ART initiation and loss to follow-up (LTFU) are limited and conflicting. METHODS:We conducted a cohort analysis including all adults initiating ART (2008-2012) at three...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206629
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:High intelligence early in life has consistently been associated with decreased mortality, but the mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this cohort study, we examined the association between intelligence in early adulthood and later mortality from natural and unnatural causes taking birth weight, pa...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2013-202637
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the association between intrauterine growth and intelligence. DESIGN:Population based birth cohort study of sibling pairs born within a maximum of three years of each other. SETTING:Mater-University women and children's hospital, Brisbane, Australia. PARTICIPANTS:235 (470 children) sibling pairs...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2004.025262
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00