Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Promoting walking and cycling as a part of everyday activity is seen as a strategy for tackling obesity and chronic disease. Policy needs to be based on evidence about people's views of walking and cycling as well as effects of interventions. METHODS:Studies of the views of children, young people and parents about walking and cycling were searched for systematically, and a framework analysis applied. The findings were synthesised and compared with the findings of an effectiveness review of interventions for encouraging walking and cycling as an alternative to motorised transport. RESULTS:The synthesis of views described a culture of car use, fed by a fear and dislike of local environments and parental responses that emphasised children's safety at the expense of developing their independence, despite children expressing responsible attitudes towards transport choices. Comparison with effectiveness literature found that most evaluated interventions targeted only the public's fear and dislike of local environments. CONCLUSION:Interventions need to address pedestrian and cyclist safety, perceptions of risk, and parental norms regarding children's independence.
journal_name
J Epidemiol Community Healthjournal_title
Journal of epidemiology and community healthauthors
Lorenc T,Brunton G,Oliver S,Oliver K,Oakley Adoi
10.1136/jech.2007.070250subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-10-01 00:00:00pages
852-7issue
10eissn
0143-005Xissn
1470-2738pii
62/10/852journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Over the last decades of the 20th century, a widening of the gap in death rates between upper and lower socioeconomic groups has been reported for many European countries. For most countries, it is unknown whether this widening has continued into the first decade of the 21st century. METHODS:We collected an...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2014-204319
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In February and May 1986, weekly samples of whole pasteurised milk were collected from the 24 dairies supplying seven British towns. A random sample of 96 women aged 25-64 was drawn from general practitioners' lists in each town, and catch specimens of early morning urine were collected by post from 194 subjects in Fe...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.42.1.72
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Social gradients and ethnic disparities have been reported in some forms of intellectual and developmental disabilities. However, information on the association between area deprivation, ethnicity and other forms of intellectual and developmental disabilities are inconclusive. AIM:To estimate the independen...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2010.111773
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Social inequality in ischaemic heart disease has been related to socioeconomic position in childhood, early adulthood and late adulthood. However, the impact of relative level of accumulated income periods across adult life course and the potential gender and age differences have not been investigated. The a...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2018-212043
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Using common alcohol consumption categories, to conduct a pooled analysis of six ongoing large-scale cohort studies in Japan in order to produce concrete estimates of the quantitative contribution of alcohol consumption to all-cause and major causes of mortality in the Japanese population. METHODS:Of the 30...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2010.121830
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This paper aims to show that, compared with young women, there is an apparent discrepancy in the reported sexual behaviour of young men and records of their fatherhood. DESIGN:The data come from four studies of the sexual behaviour of young people in various parts of Britain between 1960 and 1990 and from st...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.48.1.52
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several models have been proposed to explain the association between ethnicity and health. It was investigated whether the association between Roma ethnicity and health is fully mediated by socioeconomic status in Hungary. METHODS:Comparative health interview surveys were performed in 2003-04 on representat...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.079715
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a markedly higher overall mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), as well as many other causes of death like cancer. Since diabetes is a multisystem disease, this fact together with the increased lifespan among individuals with diabetes may also lead to the emer...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2019-213602
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess comprehensively the validity of the data in the Finnish Medical Birth Registry (MBR) by the combined use of several controls and internal analysis of the data. DESIGN:The MBR data were individually linked to a medical record sample (n = 775) and to all perinatal death certificates in 1987. The data...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.47.3.242
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although working smoke alarms halve deaths in residential fires, many households do not keep alarms operational. We tested whether theory-based education increases alarm operability. METHODS:Randomised multiarm trial, with a single arm randomly selected for use each day, in low-income neighbourhoods in Mary...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/jech-2014-204182
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the public's knowledge and perception of SARS and the extent to which various precautionary measures have been adopted. DESIGN:Cross sectional survey. SETTING:General population of Hong Kong at the height of the SARS outbreak (29 March to 6 April 2003). PARTICIPANTS:1115 ethnic Chinese adults. ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.57.11.857
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In Italy the law on industrial risk has emphasised the necessity of building a local information process to answer people's questions on safety and provide greater community participation in risk management. The aim of this research is to analyse the local population's ideas and expectations of a participator...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2005.043513
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and risk of frailty, and to assess whether behavioural and clinical factors (BCF) mediate this association. METHODS:Cohort of 1857 non-institutionalised individuals aged ≥ 60 years recruited in 2008-2010 and followed through 2012. Education, occu...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206406
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study investigates social inequalities in self-rated health dynamics for working-aged adults in four nations, representing distinct welfare regime types. The aims are to describe average national trajectories of self-rated health over a 7-year period, identify social determinants of cross-sectional and ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2009.091199
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is important to understand the local burden of non-communicable diseases including within-country heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to characterise hypertension and type-2 diabetes profiles across different Peruvian geographical settings emphasising the assessment of modifiable risk factors. METHO...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2015-205988
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:This study examined the change in ethnic differences in mortality in Estonia 1989-2000. DESIGN:Two unlinked cross sectional census based analyses were compared. Total and cause specific mortality was analysed for ethnic Estonians and Russians. The absolute differences in mortality were evaluated throug...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2003.013755
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of moderate to heavy exposure to alcohol and tobacco on the risk of cancer of the hypopharynx is estimated in a case-control study. All incident hypopharyngeal cancer patients in Denmark who were under 75 years of age were compared with incident cases of laryngeal cancer and population sampled controls. The...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.39.4.304
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is concern that increasing demand for student mental health services reflects deteriorating student well-being. We designed a pragmatic, parallel, single-blinded randomised controlled trial hypothesising that providing mindfulness courses to university students would promote their resilience to stress ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2020-214390
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although exposure to peer and family violence is a documented risk factor for adolescent dating violence, less is known about the relationship between violent crime exposure and dating violence victimisation. METHODS:Participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 4794) aged 13-17 ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.078592
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adolescent drinking in Western countries has been associated with older age and high socioeconomic status, but the association with family structure was inconsistent. METHODS:In a 2012-2013 school-based survey in Hong Kong, 23,096 students (mean age 14.7 years, SD 1.8 years) completed an anonymous questionn...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206418
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite a clear impact on the Canadian economy, little is known about the subsequent health impacts of the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) in this country. This study fills this gap in knowledge by conducting a repeated cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). METHODS:Data...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2016-207661
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To test the validity of proxy measures of household wealth and income that can be readily implemented in health surveys in rural Africa. DESIGN:Data are drawn from four different integrated household surveys. The assumptions underlying the choice of wealth proxy are described, and correlations with the...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.54.5.381
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:Understanding causes of variation in birth weight has been limited by lack of sufficient sets of data that include paternal birth weight. The objective was to estimate risks of low birth weight dependent on parental birth weights and to estimate father-mother-offspring correlations for birth weight to e...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.55.12.873
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of growth during infancy and childhood on blood pressure in adolescence. DESIGN:Birth cohort study. SETTING:Pelotas, southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS:749 adolescents with complete information on birth weight and gestational age, as well as on anthropometric data at all three follow up vis...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.57.3.226
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate if job insecurity and poor labour market chances predict a decline in self-rated health in the Danish workforce. DESIGN:Job insecurity, labour market chances, self-rated health and numerous covariates were measured in 1809 women and 1918 men who responded to a questionnaire in 1995 and again i...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2006.059113
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study examines the politics of appropriating Question 1 tobacco tax revenues in the first budget year after Massachusetts voters passed the ballot initiative in 1992. The initiative increased the tobacco tax on cigarettes by 25 cents per pack and on smokeless tobacco by 25% of the wholesale price. METHO...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.56.7.522
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vitamin D has been suggested to have a role in infection defence and on the immune system. We therefore investigated the effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D₃) on the risk of incident hospitalised pneumonia in an ageing general population in eastern Finland. METHODS:The study population included 72...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2012-202027
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been claimed that the aggregation of information from several areas of life into a small set of global measures has certain advantages for describing disability. Global measures of disability were constructed from a modified version of an existing health survey instrument and the sickness impact profile (SIP) a...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.37.4.296
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim was to test a large set of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma registrations for the presence of short radius spacial clusters. DESIGN:The study was a geographical cluster analysis. SETTING:England, Wales and Scotland. PATIENTS:All registrations for leukaemia and lymphoma between 1966 and 1983 i...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.46.6.573
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The population-based cancer registry data on patients with cervical cancer in Finland and South Wales in 1960--69 were analysed for survival. Patients with carcinoma-in-situ experienced essentially the normal life expectancy. Those with invasive carcinoma experienced 75% of normal post-registration life expectancy in ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.34.1.14
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00