Abstract:
:Collections of sputum from 105 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis were made before and at 1 and 2 d after the start of chemotherapy with isoniazid (INH) alone given to groups of patients in doses of 600 mg, 300 mg, 150 mg, 75 mg, 37.5 mg, 18.75 mg, and 9 mg daily, as well as from an untreated group. Counts of colony forming units (cfu) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the collections were set up on plates of selective 7H10 medium. The early bactericidal activity (EBA) of INH was defined as the decrease in log10 cfu/ml sputum/day during the first 2 d of treatment. A smooth curve relating EBA to log dose was obtained, with 600 mg INH yielding the highest mean EBA of 0.539, and 18.75 mg INH yielding the lowest EBA (0.111) that could be distinguished from the bactericidal activity of the untreated group. The ratio of the usual dose of 300 mg INH to the lowest dose, of 18.75 mg, that produced a detectable EBA, termed the therapeutic margin, was therefore 16, in contrast to the lower therapeutic margin of 4 for rifampin. The EBA was related to the INH acetylator genotype of patients treated with 600 mg or 9 mg INH.
journal_name
Am J Respir Crit Care Medauthors
Donald PR,Sirgel FA,Botha FJ,Seifart HI,Parkin DP,Vandenplas ML,Van de Wal BW,Maritz JS,Mitchison DAdoi
10.1164/ajrccm.156.3.9609132subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-09-01 00:00:00pages
895-900issue
3 Pt 1eissn
1073-449Xissn
1535-4970journal_volume
156pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract:RATIONALE:There is growing evidence that alveolar cell apoptosis plays an important role in emphysema pathogenesis, a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by alveolar destruction. The association of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency with the development of emphysema has supported the concept that protease/antipr...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200512-1842OC
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the relationship between the extent of pulmonary emphysema, assessed by quantitative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and lung mechanics in 24 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The extent of emphysema was quantified as the relative lung area with CT numbers < -950 H...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.4.2010066
更新日期:2001-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiological agent of adult T cell leukemia, and reports suggest that several other clinical conditions are associated with HTLV-I infection, including myelopathy and inflammatory pulmonary diseases. However, the clinical entity of HTLV-I-associated lung disease remains...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.3.9808125
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isoniazid taken daily for 12 mo and isoniazid and rifampin taken daily for 4 mo are both recommended options for patients with radiographic evidence of previous tuberculosis and positive tuberculin skin tests who have not had prior treatment. We compared the completion rates, number of adverse effects, and cost effect...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.5.2003028
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The appearance of portable chest radiographs (CXRs) may be affected by changes in ventilation, particularly when patients are mechanically ventilated. Synchronization of the CXR with the ventilatory cycle should limit the influence of respiratory variation on the appearance of the CXR. This study evaluates the effect ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.6.9902060
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was undertaken to determine if a synthetic peptide, KLLLLKLLLLKLLLLKLLLLK (KL4), in which K = lysine and L = leucine, in an aqueous dispersion of phospholipids (DPPC and POPG), would expand pulmonary alveoli and improve gas exchange in premature human infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)....
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.153.1.8542150
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes on lung function growth were investigated in 1,940 children enrolled in the Children's Health Study as fourth graders (aged 8-11 years) in two cohorts during 1993 and 1996 and were followed annually over a 4-year period. Genotypes for GSTM1 ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.2112065
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nebulized aerosols are commonly used to deliver drugs into the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of pressure-support (PS) ventilation in increasing aerosol deposition within the lungs of children with CF. An in vitro study demonstrated the feasibility of...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.6.2003069
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to elucidate the relationships between pleural (Ppl), esophageal (Pes), and superimposed gravitational pressures in acute lung injury, and to understand the mechanisms of recruitment and derecruitment. In six dogs with oleic acid respiratory failure, we measured Pes and Ppl in the uppermost, middle, and most ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.1.2007010
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The safety of sputum induction and the reproducibility of measurements in induced sputum in multicenter studies is unknown. We examined the safety of sputum induction in a two-visit, six-center study in 79 subjects with moderate to severe asthma (mean +/- SD FEV(1) 71 +/- 12% predicted, 67% taking inhaled corticostero...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.6.9901105
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to evaluate the value and applicability of tidal breathing pattern analysis to assess airflow obstruction in young children. The time needed to reach maximal tidal expiratory flow (TME) divided by total expiratory time (TE) was measured in 228 healthy children 3 to 11 yr of age, 64 patients wit...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.153.4.8616550
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the source of intravascular fat in systemic organs (brain, heart, and kidney) after massive pulmonary fat embolism during cemented arthroplasty. We used a bilateral cemented arthroplasty (BCA) in anesthetized mongrel dogs that simulates a cemented total-hip replacement procedure. We hypothesized that d...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.150.5.7952570
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans exhibit an acute inflammatory response in the lungs after controlled laboratory exposure to ozone. The present study was designed to test whether biomarkers of inflammation are detectable in humans exposed to ozone and associated copollutants under natural conditions outdoors. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.5.8912760
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rationale: Limited information is available on racial/ethnic differences in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).Objectives: Determine effects of race/ethnicity and ancestry on mortality and disease outcomes in diverse patients with PAH.Methods: Patients with Group 1 PAH were included from two national registries wit...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201907-1447OC
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A respiratory therapist-driven weaning protocol incorporating daily screens, spontaneous breathing trials (SBT), and prompts to caregivers has been associated with superior outcomes in mechanically ventilated medical patients. To determine the effectiveness of this approach in neurosurgical (NSY) patients, we conducte...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.3.2003060
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Identification of patients with drug-resistant pathogens at initial diagnosis is essential for treatment of pneumonia. OBJECTIVES:To elucidate clinical features of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP), and to clarify risk factors for drug-resistant pathogens in patien...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201301-0079OC
更新日期:2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The failure of patients to adhere to physician-prescribed regimens, either pharmacologic or behavioral, has been well documented in medical literature. Poor adherence to asthma medication regimens has been repeatedly demonstrated in both children and adults, with rates of nonadherence commonly reported from 30 to 70%....
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/ajrccm/149.2_Pt_2.S69
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The blood beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test is used in medical surveillance to identify both beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease. Approximately 50% of individuals with beryllium sensitization have chronic beryllium disease at the time of their initial clinical evaluation; however, the rate of p...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200402-190OC
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcoidosis is a systemic, granulomatous disorder with a high rate of spontaneous remission indicating the presence of antiinflammatory mechanisms. Antiinflammatory mediators such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) should be able to induce spontaneous remission of sarcoidosis. By ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.3.8810610
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maturation on crossbridge properties and myosin isoform composition in hamster diaphragm muscle. Diaphragm strips were obtained at postnatal Days 1 and 8 and in adults (10 to 12 wk). Peak isometric tension and maximum unloaded shortening velocity (Vmax) increased w...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.3.9701051
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Tidal volume and plateau pressure limitation decreases mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Computed tomography demonstrated a small, normally aerated compartment on the top of poorly aerated and nonaerated compartments that may be hyperinflated by tidal inflation. OBJECTIVES:We hypothesized tha...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200607-915OC
更新日期:2007-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Whether a nurse-implemented goal-directed sedation protocol resulting in more awake yet calm intubated children affects postdischarge functional status, health-related quality of life, or risk for post-traumatic stress disorder is unknown. OBJECTIVES:To compare postdischarge outcomes in children with acute r...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201708-1768OC
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the time of diagnosis, many sarcoidosis patients have no clinical indication for corticosteroid therapy, and prognostic parameters predicting deterioration are missing. In the present study, we investigated parameters derived from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum in 77 patients with recently diagnosed sarcoid...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.5.97-02050
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological data indicate that living or working in a moldy building is associated with increased risk of respiratory symptoms and disease related to inflammatory reactions, but biochemical evidence linking cause and effect is still scarce. The staff working in a mold-contaminated school, and a reference group wit...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.6.9903023
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::During exercise, children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) demonstrate coupling of VE to exercise load, despite the absence of a VE response to changes in FICO2. To assess the effect of movement on VE, we studied six CCHS patients and six matched controls during passive motion in a motor-driven ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.153.2.8564130
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cells and proteases that mediate cigarette smoke-induced emphysema are controversial, with evidence favoring either neutrophils and neutrophil-derived serine proteases or macrophages and macrophage-derived metalloproteases as the important effectors. We recently reported that both macrophage metalloelastase (MMP-1...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200212-1396OC
更新日期:2003-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Rationale: Chronic cough is characterized by frequent urges to cough and a heightened sensitivity to inhaled irritants. Airway sensory nerves trigger cough. We hypothesized that sensory nerve density is increased in chronic cough, which may contribute to excessive and persistent coughing.Objectives: To measure airway ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201912-2347OC
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The discovery that retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (Rora)-α is highly expressed in lungs of patients with COPD led us to hypothesize that Rora may contribute to the pathogenesis of emphysema. OBJECTIVES:To determine the role of Rora in smoke-induced emphysema. METHODS:Cigarette smoke extract in vitro ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201111-2023OC
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We found that continuous eosinophilic inflammation after repeated antigen instillation into the nose was observed only in A/J mice, not in three other strains. Histologic analysis of tissues from A/J mice revealed features typical of airway remodeling, i.e., airway wall thickening and increased collagen depositions we...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200210-1188OC
更新日期:2003-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Smoking is a primary risk factor for chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but since not all smokers develop disease, it has been suggested that some individuals may be more susceptible to exogenous factors, such as smoking, and that this susceptibility could be genetically...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200704-565OC
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00